Before he was admitted to the Fourth Division of Hunan Province, Mao Zedong had signed up for the police school , and later he signed up for a school that made soap , and later he signed up for a law and politics school , and then he signed up for the exam 2 business schools . However, these schools are not suitable for Mao Zedong. The longest time stayed in these schools was only a month, and the shortest was less than a day.
At that time, Mao Zedong signed up for the police academy, soap school, law and politics school and business school, but none of them succeeded or dropped out. Why is this? Why did Mao Zedong choose to apply for the Hunan Fourth Division? This all seems to be a mystery.
Hunan No.1 Normal University
Next, let us embark on the bumpy road of Mao Zedong's education and job hunting, enjoy the infinite scenery on the road, feel the spirit of the book business of the classmates and teenagers, point out the country, inspire the heroic and visionary of words The noble sentiments of money like dung.
On the eve of the 1911 Revolution, in the spring of 1911, Mao Zedong left Dongshan Primary School, where he had read for half a year, and went from Xiangxiang to Xiangtan.
This is his first time to Changsha. This year, he is 17 years old, and he is in full bloom, scolding Fang Qiu.
This time, I was nearly 100 kilometers away from home and came to the unfamiliar Changsha for no other reason than the desire to learn and the urgent desire to make progress. When
came to Changsha for the first time, Mao Zedong felt very new. Compared with the isolated and Shaoshan , Changsha is another scene. Changsha is a prosperous market, with many people and large land. What surprised him in particular was that on the bustling streets, there were all kinds of foreign shops, yes, they were shops run by foreigners; on the Xiangjiang River outside Changsha, there were "mighty and majestic" foreign warships lined up. , and none of them are Chinese .
These scenes not only surprised Mao Zedong, but also deeply stimulated his heart and could not be calmed down for a long time.
This is China more than 100 years ago, foreigners came to our country to do business and buy some foreign gadgets; foreign powers set up strong ships and cannons at our doorstep, and if anyone was dishonest, they fired a few cannons.
A hundred years ago, Changsha
fell behind and would be beaten. The history of is long gone, and we cannot replicate the exact original appearance at that time, but we can imagine the complicated heart of Mao Zedong when he saw these phenomena, and the pain of being bullied.
Not long after he came to Changsha, Mao Zedong was admitted to the middle school in Xiangxiang province, where he read books for nearly half a year.
In addition to studying his homework seriously, he spends most of his time reading the newspaper . The newspapers he reads every day are "Xiang Bao" and "Min Li Bao". and "Min Li Bao" was the first time Mao Zedong saw it. newspapers, from which he learned many new knowledge and new ideas that were not taught to him in school books.
At that time, all kinds of magazines and newspapers were widely spread in Changsha, and various forms of street talk were endless. The situation at that time was most aptly described as "the mountains and the rain are about to come and the wind is full of buildings". What Mao Zedong saw and heard made him feel uneasy, and it was difficult for him to study calmly, and he spent more energy on caring about the wider world outside the school.
Once, Mao Zedong read some news in Minli Daily: a Hunanese named Huang Xing led the anti-Qing uprising; Guangzhou Huanghuagang seventy-two martyrs died heroically against the Qing Dynasty.
Huang Xing
In the newspaper, Mao Zedong saw the program of the Tongmenghui led by Mr. Sun Yat-sen for the first time. He was both admirable and excited. He immediately wrote an article expressing his political views and posted it on the wall of the school. According to Mao Zedong's recollection: This is the first time I have expressed a political opinion, and my thoughts are not so mature. The
article stated that it advocates to invite Sun Yat-sen from Japan to serve as the president of the government, Kang Youwei to be the prime minister of the cabinet, and Liang Qichao to be the foreign minister.
At that time, Mao Zedong still admired Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao. Maybe he didn't know that Sun Yat-sen and Kang and Liang held different views. He just felt that they were both making a revolution. Dragon chair to get it down.
Sun Yat-sen
was in school at the time, and a more interesting thing happened: In order to vent his emotions, Mao Zedong not only cut off his own braids , but also forcibly cut off other people's braids.
What the hell is going on here?
1911 is destined to be an unusual year, especially in the first half of the year, many major events happened one after another in China. After the Huanghuagang Uprising in Guangzhou in March, in April, the Qing court announced the policy of "state-owned railways", which sold the right to build railways to foreigners, arousing anger and strong opposition from the people. People in Henan , Hebei , Sichuan , Hunan, Hubei , Guangdong and other provinces all held market strikes, school strikes, strikes and anti-tax movements. People in Guangdong and Sichuan also set up road protection associations, struggling to fight against the troops stationed by the Qing government in various places.
At that time, constitutional became an urgent requirement of the general public, and the answer of the emperor Puyi was only to establish an senior government . In the school, the students also followed suit. In order to vent their emotions, everyone was against keeping pigtails.
Of course Mao Zedong was also among these "disturbing" students. He and his friend Xiao Zizhang were the first to cut off the braids on the back of their heads. However, some other classmates who met to cut braids did not keep their promises and regretted it. So Mao Zedong and Xiao Zizhang unknowingly cut off their braids after the untrustworthy classmates fell asleep at night.
Mao Zedong's braid (film and television stills)
Writing this article here, I feel that Chairman Mao was really bold and resourceful in his youth. Because, you think, in school, most people would not do things that offend the vast majority of people, and the feudal ideology that "the body is damaged and the skin is affected by the parents" was still deeply ingrained at that time. Therefore, Mao Zedong dared to do these things.
In the winter of 1936, Mao Zedong recalled: "Politics can change a person's point of view!" Cutting off the braids left on the students' heads further demonstrated his strong will against the Qing government.
On October 10, 1911, the 1911 Revolution first broke out in Wuchang. News of the uprising soon reached Changsha, Hunan. In response to Wuhan , some revolutionary party members are instigating the uprising of the new army; in order to incite the "platoon full revolution", the revolutionary party members actively promote the republican ideology to young students.
The outbreak of the 1911 Revolution also greatly inspired Mao Zedong, and he was determined to join the army.
One day, a revolutionary came to school and gave an exciting speech. Seven or eight students stood up on the spot, clearly agreeing with his point of view and supporting his proposition. The revolutionist strongly criticized the Qing court and called on everyone to unite, overthrow the monarchy and establish the Republic of China.
After listening to the speech of the revolutionary party, Mao Zedong decided to join the revolutionary army of Li Yuanhong (Li Yuanhong led the uprising in Wuhan, and the revolutionary was one of his subordinate officials), but he did not go because of the inconvenience of transportation.
Soldiers of the Revolution of 1911
Soon, the insurgent army approached Changsha along the Yuehan Railway, and later established the Governor's Office.Among the Qing court documents found by the revolutionaries, there are several petitions requesting the convening of the Congress , the original manuscripts were written in blood by Xu Teli. At the time he cut off his fingertips to show his sincerity and determination. and the beginning of the petition reads: "In order to call for a congress, I will cut off my fingers to send." Member. After the founding of New China, he served as a member of the Central People's Government Committee. On November 28, 1968, he passed away in Beijing at the age of 91.)
Soon, many students joined the army, and a student army was organized. Among these student troops was Tang Shengzhi. ( Tang Shengzhi : After the founding of the People's Republic of China, he held various military and political positions in Hunan Province and the Central South Military Region, vice-chairman and vice-governor of the Hunan Provincial People's Government, member of the Central-South Military and Political Committee, and National Defense Committee Committee members, etc.)
At that time, Mao Zedong felt that the combat effectiveness of the student army was not good and the foundation was not good, so he did not like this student army, and finally chose to join the regular army . In this way, Mao Zedong joined the Hunan New Army and was incorporated into the left team of the 1st Battalion of the 50th Standard of the 25th Mixed Association of the New Army.
In 1936, according to Mao Zedong's recollection: My army pay is every July, although not a lot, but a lot more than the Red Army. Of the 7 yuan, in addition to the monthly food cost of 2 yuan, most of the rest are used to buy newspapers, and I never tire of reading. At that time, a newspaper that was propagating the revolution was called "Xiangjiang Daily". It was the first time I knew the term " socialist ", but only later did I know that it was actually just social reformism. Later, I also read some articles about socialism and its principles written by Jiang Kanghu .
( Jiang Kanghu : He was once appreciated by Mr. Sun Yat-sen, then sold himself to the Japanese invaders, spent his life as a cultural traitor, and was finally nailed to the pillar of shame in history.)
During his military service, Mao Zedong made friends I have two good brothers, one is Peng Yousheng and the other is Zhu Qisheng. In fact, when Mao Zedong was in the army, he was rejected because he had no guarantor ( at that time required a guarantor to serve as a guarantor) and was rejected. Later, Peng Yousheng and Zhu Qisheng gave him a guarantor before he was able to join the army.
Later, Mao Zedong happened to be assigned to Peng Yousheng's class, Peng Yousheng was the deputy squad leader, and Mao Zedong was a private. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Peng Yousheng once wrote to Chairman Mao, hoping to find a job. At that time, Peng Yousheng was 67 years old.
Although Chairman Mao did not explicitly help in his reply, he later believed that the Hunan Provincial People's Government paid attention to this matter, and Peng Yousheng enjoyed preferential treatment for discharge from the army because he had participated in the 1911 Revolution. Since then, Chairman Mao has been in contact with Peng Yousheng.
Chairman Mao's reply to Peng Yousheng
And Zhu Qisheng was also the guarantor of Mao Zedong's army. After the founding of the People's Republic, Chairman Mao sponsored him. Mao Zedong, Peng Yousheng and Zhu Qisheng were very good brothers when they were in the new army in Hunan. In 1936, Mao Zedong mentioned their names in an interview with American reporter Snow .
During Mao Zedong's entry into the army, the revolution had not yet been completely victorious, the Qing Dynasty had not completely given up power, and Puyi had not yet announced his abdication. However, there was a struggle for leadership within the Kuomintang. It was said at the time that peace had not yet come, and the fighting continued. There are several organized armies in various places, and these armies are all against the Qing court and against Yuan Shikai. never thought that when the Hunan army was preparing to fight, Sun Yat-sen compromised, he reached an agreement with Yuan Shikai, the scheduled war was cancelled, the North and South were "unified", and Sun Yat-sen's temporary president gave way to Yuan Shikai.
Someone wrote a poem at that time, commenting on the Revolution of 1911 like this:
The situation is vicissitudes of life, and the tiger will be rejected;
read it carefully, and it is indeed very appropriate and in place!
According to Mao Zedong's recollection: I thought the revolution was over, so I left the army and decided to go back to study. I served as a soldier for half a year.
In the spring of 1912, Mao Zedong, who had been a soldier for half a year, quit the new army and continued his studies. At this time, Mao Zedong was very confused. There were many schools in Changsha, but he didn't know how to choose.
There were many schools in Changsha at that time, and most of them recruited students through newspaper advertisements . The 17-year-old Mao Zedong had no clear opinion on what kind of career he wanted to pursue in the future, nor did he have certain criteria to judge the school's merit. inferior.
Mao Zedong
One day, an advertisement for a police academy caught Mao Zedong's attention, so he went to register for the exam. But before the exam, Mao Zedong saw an advertisement in the newspaper for a soap-making school that offered no tuition fees, provided room and board, and promised to give some allowances.
This ad is very appealing, it says that making soap is good for society, and it can also enrich the country and the people. As a result, Mao Zedong changed his mind about applying for the police academy and decided to become a soap expert. He paid an application fee of 1 yuan here.
According to Mao Zedong's recollection: At this time, a friend of mine happened to be studying at the School of Law and Politics, and he advised me to enter his school.I was also moved by the beautiful advertisement of this law school. The advertisement said that I would complete all the law courses within 3 years, and also promised to be an official immediately after graduation. Finally, I wrote to my family, restating what the school had promised, and asking them to send me tuition fees.
When Mao Zedong was about to enter the School of Law and Politics, one of his friends said: Now the country is in the midst of an economic war, and the most urgently needed talents are economics schools that can build the country.
Mao Zedong later adopted his friend's opinion, and he paid the registration fee of 1 yuan to the business school. Mao Zedong did take the test later and was admitted. However, Mao Zedong only stayed at this school for a month before dropping out.
According to Mao Zedong's recollection: is taught in , English and . Like other students, I don't know any English. To be honest, I don't know anything except letters. This situation annoyed me, so I dropped out by the end of the month.
's uncertainty or indecision in studying and seeking employment reflects Mao Zedong's serious thinking about his future. After a period of deliberation, he finally decided to apply for of colleges and universities in Hunan province. The school was founded in 1912, and later changed its name to Hunan Provincial No. 1 Middle School .
When Mao Zedong recalled this past event, he said: I paid 1 yuan to sign up and took the entrance examination, and my grades were first, but I didn't like this middle school because its courses were limited, and the school rules and were also disgusting. I read a book of "Yuzhutongjianjilan" lent to me by a Chinese teacher. After reading it, I came to the conclusion that it is not as good as to learn by myself.
The Imperial Approval Tongjian Catalog
Later, Mao Zedong dropped out of this school after 6 months of study. He made a self-study plan for himself. He went to Hunan Provincial library to read books every day, and implemented it very seriously. , persevere.
We know that Mao Zedong is a poet and a powerful "pen holder". Here, I would like to share with you an essay he wrote while studying in Hunan Provincial No. 1 Middle School. The title of is " Shang Yang Migrating Wood to Lixin on ", which is the only composition of the young Mao Zedong I have seen so far.
When I read about the history of Shang Yang’s disciples, I sighed at the ignorance of the people of our country, the painstaking efforts of the rulers, and the failure of the people’s wisdom for thousands of years, and the tragic ruin of the country. If you don't believe me, please say no.
law enforcement is also a tool to seek happiness. If the law is good, the happiness of our people will also be many. My people are afraid that it will not issue this law, or that it will not be effective. We will do our best to protect it, maintain it, and make sure that the goal of perfection is achieved. The government and the people depend on each other, and there is a reason for disbelief? If the law is not good, not only will there be no happiness to speak of, but also the fear of harm. Our people will do their best to prevent this law. Although I want to believe, but I have the reason to believe? If Shang Yang and Qin Min are opposed to this proportion, what is it?
Shang Yang's method, good law. Today, I will try to read the records of our country for more than 4,000 years, and seek to benefit the country and the people. The great statesman, Shang Yang is not second to none? . Therefore, if you want to conquer the countries and unify the Central Plains, is it not difficult? Therefore, the order to reform the law was issued. The law punishes traitors to protect the rights of the people, cultivates and weaves to increase the prosperity of the people, promotes military service to build the country’s prestige, and the poor and neglectful. Absolutely consume.Since this is a big policy that our country has never had before, why should the people be afraid and not believe it? It must be relocated to build trust. I know that those in power are painstaking, I know the stupidity of our people, and I know thousands of people. There is a reason why the dark country of the people and the wisdom has been in the tragic situation of perishing several times in the past few years. Although
is very original, Li people are afraid. The people are this people, the law is another law, why should I be surprised? I’m especially afraid that this disciple is not trustworthy. If the people of all civilizations in the East and West hear about it, they will laugh with laughter, and sneer and ridicule. Woohoo! I want to be speechless.
The Chinese teacher highly appreciated the article written by Mao Zedong and gave him a perfect score of 100. He also made 7 eyebrows and a conclusion at the end of the article: "Looking at life and practicing one-color writing, it is a great tool. Wait, I don't know where it is."
This year, Mao Zedong was 19 years old. A middle school student can write such an article. I have to say that it is really amazing. Another one, Mao Zedong's words are very neat and beautiful!
Hunan Provincial Library, located in Dingwangtai, Changsha, was founded in the late Qing Dynasty and has a rich collection of books. The library has two floors, the second floor is the library, and the first floor is the reading room.
Mao Zedong would read in the library every day, from the opening of the library to the closing of the library, he just stopped at noon to buy two pieces of hair cake to eat.
In the library, Mao Zedong read a lot of books, including "The Wealth of Nations" by Adam Smith , Darwin's " Origin of Species ", Spencer 's "Logic", as well as Rousseau and Mendes Dove some works. He also carefully studied the history and geography of Russia, the United States, Britain, France and other countries, and also read some poems, novels and ancient Greek myths.
In the library, Mao Zedong saw an world map for the first time, which shocked him. The name of this map was " world map ".
In the autumn of 1951, Mao Zedong got together with his old classmates in Hunan, and he couldn't help recalling the scene of studying in Changsha. He was very happy, and excitedly talked about how he felt when he saw the world map for the first time in Hunan Library :
Although I have attended elementary school, middle school, and been a soldier, I have never seen a world map. There is a world map hanging on the wall of Hunan Library. Every day I pass by there, I always stop to take a look and study it. Before I saw the world map, I thought that Xiangtan was huge, and Hunan was even bigger. China has been known as the world since ancient times, and it is huge. However, from this map, China is only a small part of the world, Hunan is very small, Xiangtan cannot be found on the map at all, Shaoshan Chong does not even have a shadow.
"The world is so big, I want to see it." More than a hundred years ago, this sentence was in the mind of a young Mao Zedong.
Mao Zedong later recalled: The world is so big, and there must be many special people. Don't so many people, how well their lives are doing, deserve our attention? In Shaoshanchong, I never saw a few people who lived happily. I think the situation in Shaoshanchong is like this, and the whole of Xiangtan, the whole of Hunan, the whole of China, and even the whole world may be similar. When
saw the world map for the first time, 19-year-old Mao Zedong fell into contemplation, and he asked himself: Are all destined to live a painful life?
At this time, Mao Zedong was determined to change this unreasonable system that caused most people in the world to fall into deep pain.He believes that this kind of unreasonable phenomenon should not exist forever, but should be completely overthrown and completely reformed.
Young Mao Zedong
It was from this time that Mao Zedong set up lofty ambitions and was determined to contribute all his strength to the liberation of the suffering people in China and the world. While
was self-studying in Hunan library, Mao Zedong was also seriously considering his "future", and he finally came to the conclusion: is the most suitable for me to teach.
Then, Mao Zedong saw the recruitment information of Hunan Fourth Normal University in an advertisement: no tuition fees, low room and board fees.
After half a year of self-study in the Hunan library, in the spring of 1913, Mao Zedong chose to apply for the Hunan Fourth Normal University. A year later, the Hunan Fourth Normal University was merged into the First Normal University.
Here, Mao Zedong's life has turned a new page!
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