In the early spring of 1979, less than a month after the closing of the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, Deng Xiaoping visited the United States.
At the beginning of the welcome dinner specially prepared by the US side, a group of American "successful people" stood up and lined up to welcome Deng Xiaoping and the Chinese delegation. In this special queue, there were more than 50 entrepreneurs and their wives.
According to the previous connection between China and the United States, a translator accompanied Deng Xiaoping, told him the name of each entrepreneur in turn, and gave a brief introduction.
When I walked in front of an old man in his 80s, the translator was stunned - there is no such person on the list?
It didn't happen, Deng Xiaoping smiled and said to the translator: "You don't need to introduce me to Dr. Hammer, he is everyone's old friend."
Armand Hammer (May 1898 - December 1990) Month)
Deng Xiaoping held Hammer's hand, and went on to say: "We all know you. You are the one who helped Lenin and the Soviet Union, and now you have to help us China."
It turned out that Hamer was too old to get the invitation letter for the banquet of the US government. In order to meet Deng Xiaoping, he specially found acquaintances, and "Gasai" entered the welcome team. Therefore, the list of entrepreneurs obtained by the translation without him.
And it was this "Gasai" old man who was specially invited to his table by Deng Xiaoping, and turned out to be an important American representative at the banquet!
Three months later, Hamer led 16 attachés to visit Beijing , becoming the first foreign entrepreneur to knock on the door of China.
From 1979 to 1990, when Hammer died at the age of 292, he visited China eight times.
Hammer in China
With the friendly cooperation between the two parties, Hammer invested 200 million US dollars in the first phase to build the Antaibao Open-pit Coal Mine, which is also the first foreign investment introduced by my country's reform and opening up.
Up to now, Antaibao Opencast Coal Mine is still the largest opencast coal mine in China.
The Antaibao Opencast Coal Mine today. After 1991, the U.S. withdrew its capital, and now the Chinese side has full control. In fact, Armand Hammer was not only the first American capitalist to do business with the Chinese government, but in the distant 1920s, he was also the first to actively cooperate with the Soviet Union. Americans in business.
This experience made Hamer known as the "red capitalist" by later generations.
and his other identity is , one of several giants that dominate the world oil industry chain, American oil tycoon and billionaire.
On May 21, 1898, Armand Hammer was born in a Russian-Jewish family in Manhattan, New York, USA. His family ran a pharmaceutical factory, which provided him with a pretty good living environment.
However, as the head of the pharmaceutical factory, although Hamer's father is a "capitalist", he is particularly keen on the labor movement and is one of the founders of the American Communist Party (the American Communist Party was established in 1919 and has a long history) .
The banner of the New York branch of the contemporary Communist Party of America
As the eldest son in the family, in order to be the successor of a good pharmaceutical factory, when his father was busy preparing for the establishment of the Communist Party of America, Hamer was admitted to Columbia University School of Medicine.
In 1920, Hamed's father was arrested and imprisoned for nearly two months because of his Communist Party status. After his release, he was closely monitored.
This experience touched the young Hamer deeply. He was greatly interested in that distant red ideal and planned to experience it for himself.
In the early summer of 1921, the year before the establishment of the Soviet Union (before 1922, it belonged to the Soviet-Russian era), Hammer, who had just graduated from medical school, came to the country where his father was born with a batch of medical supplies.
This vast land, which has just experienced two revolutions and the baptism of the civil war , is experiencing the torment of infectious disease and famine , coupled with the international joint blockade, looking around, a mess, Dilapidated scene.
Hamer wanted to connect with the head of the Ministry of Health in Moscow , but because the leader was too busy to arrange an appointment in time, he was first led by the foreign affairs commissioner in charge of reception to inspect the Ural Mountains .
Under the arrangement of the Soviet Union, Hamer and a group of foreign socialists went deep into the Russian folk experience.
Hamer was stunned by what he saw.
On the one hand, the granary has long since bottomed out, and people who are malnourished are standing on their bones, and sometimes you can see dead bodies on the street that are too late to converge - some people fall down while walking, no longer have the strength to climb Get up.....
And on the other side, the mountains of wood, fur, minerals, platinum, gem and other traditional Russian specialties , but silently "eat ashes" in the warehouse - the whole time at this time The international market is jointly carrying out all-round blockade and sanctions against the Soviet regime. The devaluation of the ruble is like waste paper. Traditional international trade channels have been "blocked" by major powers in the West and . The Russians have to guard a lot of minerals and luxury raw materials. hungry belly.
Hammer thought of the situation in his hometown of the United States for a while - in order to maintain the price of agricultural products, farmers burned the overproduced wheat in large numbers, the oranges in the orchard were rotten on the trees and no one was picked, and the fresh milk was dumped directly; During the process of transformation, a large number of wealthy Americans began to frantically pursue furs and jewelry....
While shocked, Hammer took the initiative to propose to the foreign affairs commissioner who received him, I would use the money to buy food , and then use the food to How about bartering for your "specialty"?
The foreign affairs committee member thought it was quite reasonable. He immediately compiled a draft and reported Hammer's suggestion to the Soviet Union Central Committee.
After receiving the draft, the top management of the Soviet Union held an emergency meeting to discuss it.
Soon, Hamer was invited by Moscow - Lenin himself sent a telegram to ask him for an interview.
In the Kremlin, Hammer met the "idol" in the hearts of the global socialists-Comrade Lenin.
Lenin's English is quite good, and communication with Hamer is barrier-free.
Lenin told Hammer, as a doctor, it is good for you to treat diseases and relieve disasters for the people, but now it is even more necessary for you to be a "capitalist" to help the Russian people have enough to eat and the industry and agriculture to resume production.
The streets of Moscow in 1920
With the care of the top leaders, Hammer's business between the United States and Russia/Soviet Union went smoothly.
Beginning with the "barter" transaction of 1 million US dollars of grain for specialty products, the Soviet Union's trust in Hammer has been deepened, and the areas of cooperation between the two sides have become more and more extensive.
Soon, Hammer was granted the right to operate an asbestos mine in Siberia.At the same time, as an intermediary in the Soviet-US trade, Hammer also obtained the exclusive agency rights of many large American companies such as Ford Automobile, American Rubber Company, American Machine Tool Manufactory, Underwood Typewriter, Parker Pen and so on. bigger.
is like the pioneer and pillar of the Soviet era automobile industry - the "Gorky" automobile factory, which was a US-Soviet joint venture at the very beginning - in 1923, through Hammer's matchmaking, Ford Motor invested in the Soviet Gorky The "Molotov Automobile Factory" built by the city, its logo product is the "Gas car" that the older generation of Chinese are very familiar with.
In this way, Hammer accidentally contributed to the success of Lenin's " New Economic Policy ". At this time, the United States and the Soviet Union did not establish diplomatic relations, and Hamer became the "semi-official" agent of the Soviet Union's trade with the United States.
During the entire trade process, Hamer not only made a lot of money, but also solved the food problem of the Soviet people in time, and won the trust of the Soviet high-level officials. Lenin affectionately called Hamer ~ "Comrade Hamer".
In January 1924, Lenin died, and Soviet politics went through a period of turmoil.
Stalin, his successor, was not enthusiastic about the "New Economic Policy", and even showed feelings of rejection and denial. However, due to the needs of economic construction and industrialization, Soviet-American trade and the activities of "Comrade Hammer" were not affected. too much impact.
In the later World War II , the Stalingrad tractor factory , which was changed to the T-34 tank production line, is also the product of the "American-aided construction" in this era. They are all made in the United States. According to data, as many as 80 American manufacturers have participated in the construction of the plant.
At the same time, Hammer was also very keenly aware of the shortcomings of the Soviet light industry.When he found that the pencil , which was equivalent to 2 cents in the West, would be sold for 26 cents in the Soviet Union, he ran Europe again, looking for a doorway to make pencils, and built the world's largest at that time in the suburbs of Moscow. pencil factory.
Soon, the Soviet Union not only achieved "pencil self-sufficiency", but also exported to more than 20 countries in Europe. The pencil manufacturing industry with small profits but quick turnover has become an important revenue-generating sector of the Soviet Union.
For this, Khrushchev, the later supreme leader of the Soviet Union, once expressed his sincere gratitude. In the early 1960s, when the two met, Khrushchev praised Hammer - we Soviet citizens of several generations have now The ability to read and write is inseparable from your help!
Facing the camera, Khrushchev gave Hamer as a gift a " Kremlin special" mechanical pencil with a ruby pentagram that he was using.
Khrushchev and Kennedy also had a calm talk.
Entering the 1930s, as the Soviet Union set off round after round of "movements", Hamer keenly sensed the difference and bid farewell to his Soviet partners in Moscow. The whole body was withdrawn to the United States.
Hammer also accumulated considerable capital in the process of "doing good deeds" for the Soviets.
The United States in the early 1930s was in the darkest hour of the Great Depression.
Even so, Hammer quickly found the way to make money - producing wine barrels.
According to his political experience, in the upcoming US election, the Democratic Party Roosevelt is very likely to win. Once Roosevelt becomes president, the prohibition promulgated in 1919 will naturally be repealed, and with the legalization of alcohol sales, the market for wine barrels will show unprecedented demand.
The facts are as expected by Hammer. By selling wine barrels, Hammer obtained a lot of business resources, and pursued the victory, directly entering the wine industry and running the whisky business.
He bought wineries in succession, bottled them in cans and acquired trademarks such as "Dante". Through clever promotions, Hammer's "Dante Brand" whiskey has become one of the nation's leading wines.
At the same time, Hamer has a high demand for beef because he loves steak, and has "smoothly" developed a large ranch specializing in breeding cattle. It is cost-effective and environmentally friendly to raise cattle with by-products of winemaking.
In the 1940s and 1950s, Hamer also got involved in radio, film and television and military transportation.
He didn't put a lot of energy into these, but with his unique intuition and courage, coupled with his super-strong management ability and learning skills, he even managed to make steady profits without losing money, and became a legend in the business world.
By the 1950s, Hammer, who was over half a hundred years old, was ready to concentrate on enjoying life, but by chance, he was attracted by the oil industry, and his luck was still so good - at a low of 18 cents per share Invested in a nearly bankrupt Western Petroleum (OXY.US) oil company. After
consulted with professionals, his team started drilling in some wells abandoned by major oil companies in , California . Originally, he did not report much hope. Not bad for this amount of money (according to the US government's support policy for the oil industry at this time, the funds used for oil wells that have not yet produced oil do not need to be taxed)...Unexpectedly, two good oil fields were unexpectedly discovered!
Soon, Occidental's share price soared from 18 cents to $15 per share.
At this time, Hamer did not get carried away by the "windfall", but calmly analyzed the market trend.
Hamer found that most of the world's large and fertile oil fields and oil industry chains have long been dominated by traditional oil monopoly companies known as the "Seven Sisters".
So he took a different approach and turned his attention to Libya .
In 1966, Hammer's "Western Company" successfully won the bid and obtained the oil drilling rights of two pieces of land in Libya. After a period of time, a large oilfield from blowout wells was launched, with a daily output of 100,000 barrels of low-sulfur crude oil, and the quality was very good.
The logo
of Occidental Petroleum Corporation not only made a lot of money for Hamer, but the whole country of Libya was also very excited. The King of Libya received Hamer in person and expressed his heartfelt thanks to him.
Soon after, in 1969, Colonel Gaddafi came to power in a coup and began to "nationalize " in the oil field.
In this regard, most foreign oil companies stationed in Libya have taken boycott measures, and even plan to secretly support anti-Gaddafi forces. Only Hamer, with his keen sense of smell, realized that Gaddafi's roots are very deep. If he directly confronts him, he may lose more.
He spearheaded peace talks with Gaddafi's government.
In the end, Hammer's oil company sold 51% of the oil field in exchange for the right of Western oil companies to continue to operate in Libya, avoiding the risk of being fully taken over by Gaddafi, and was also established as a nationalized oil company in Libya. "model".
In those days, Gaddafi affectionately called Hamer "my old friend".
Next, Hammer acquired several large oil transportation, processing and sales companies in Europe, becoming a veritable oil tycoon and billionaire, owning a private jet and luxury yachts, and buying houses and land in Europe, America, and even in After a "charter" from the Kremlin, Hammer also bought a mansion in Moscow in the 1970s.
In the late 1970s, the Hammers were in Moscow
Cold War era. While working as an oil tycoon, Hammer, as an "economic envoy" of the East and West camps, led delegations to the Soviet Union many times~Khrushchev and him The right-hand man of , , raised , and later Brezhnev, Anton Lobov, etc., all affectionately called Hamer "our old American friend".
Brezhnev and Hamer
In 1986, after the Chernobyl nuclear accident, the 88-year-old Hammer personally took part in the rescue operation with a medical team and professional equipment.
Armand Hammer, once affectionately called "Comrade" by Lenin; established continuous friendship with Khrushchev and Brezhnev; was the best friend with the King of Libya and Colonel Gaddafi; with the President of the United States Roosevelt, Eisenhower, Kennedy, and Nixon all had close ties and were entrusted with important tasks; Deng Xiaoping personally invited him to visit China... Hammer's life is a modern history of the East and the West, and a presentation of a stormy era.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-