After the founding of New China, which country was the first to assist? Many people may answer without hesitation, it is North Korea, because less than a year after the founding of New China, because of the outbreak of the Korean War, Chairman Mao had to send volunteers to participate in the war, and launched the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, also known as the War of Founding a Nation. .
Resist America and Aid Korea
However, although the War to Resist America and Aid Korea is of great significance to China, North Korea is not actually the first country to be aided by New China, and the first country to be aided by China is Vietnam located at the southern end of China. Moreover, New China is the first country in the world to recognize the Democratic Republic of Vietnam.
Why was Vietnam the first country to be aided by the new China? To a large extent, it is because of the traditional friendship between the two parties. The founders of New China have a deep relationship with Ho Chi Minh, the leader of the Communist Party of Vietnam. As early as the Land Revolution and the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Zhou Enlai and others had close contacts with Ho Chi Minh.
However, after the victory of World War II, although the Democratic Republic of Vietnam led by Ho Chi Minh was established very early, due to the French invasion and the indifference of the Soviet Union, the regime led by the Communist Party of Vietnam became precarious.
Under such circumstances, not long after the founding of New China, Ho Chi Minh could not wait to send a request for assistance to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Chinese government, hoping that China could help Vietnam build an army, provide military supplies, and send military advisers.
Premier Zhou and Ho Chi Minh
Based on the traditional Sino-Vietnamese friendship and the relationship between China and Vietnam, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China decided: "The new China, under the principle that the Chinese army does not go abroad to fight, should meet Vietnam's requirements, organize military supplies to assist Vietnam as soon as possible, and prepare for China's aid to Vietnam. A military advisory group to assist the Vietnamese People's Army in organizing and directing the war against France."
So, starting in 1950, military advisers, arms and ammunition, and various other aids from China began to flow to Vietnam.
According to incomplete statistics, during the Vietnam War of Resistance against France alone, the weapons that China assisted were: 155,000 guns, 57.85 million rounds of ammunition, 3,692 artillery pieces, 1.08 million cannonballs, 840,000 grenades, 1,231 vehicles, And more than 1.4 million sets of military uniforms and other various materials.
The most worth mentioning is that from 1950 to 1954, China was the only country that provided military assistance to Vietnam. Even the Soviet Union, the leader of the socialist camp at that time, was indifferent to Vietnam's plight.
The Soviet Union
It can be said that it was with the assistance of China that the Communist Party of Vietnam gained a firm foothold north of the 17th parallel and drove away the French colonists.
After supporting Vietnam in winning the Anti-French War, before taking a breath, Vietnam ushered in an even more ferocious enemy - the United States, the world's most powerful country.
The invasion of the United States made the Communist regime of Vietnam face a crisis of life and death. Under such circumstances, the New China once again extended a helping hand. On the one hand, the New China warned the United States not to cross the 17th parallel, which enabled Vietnam in the north to survive. On the other hand, China's aid to Vietnam is even more so.
China's assistance ranges from weapons and ammunition, aircraft and cannons, to food, paper, fertilizers, and automobiles. For more than 20 years, according to incomplete statistics, China's gratuitous aid to Vietnam was equivalent to more than 20 billion US dollars at that time. You know, these more than 20 billion US dollars are not today's US dollars, but US dollars directly linked to gold.
Ho Chi Minh
In addition to financial and material assistance, China has also dispatched more than 300,000 air defense troops and railway, logistics, engineering and other technical personnel. Therefore, thousands of Chinese aid personnel died on the Vietnam battlefield. It can be said that , Vietnam completely relied on China's assistance to achieve the victory of the Vietnam War, and finally unified the country.
However, as Vietnam continued to win the war against the United States and the pace of reunification was getting closer and closer, China suddenly discovered that Vietnam's attitude towards China was not grateful, but began to turn against each other.
From border friction to encroachment on Chinese territory, from domestic anti-China actions against Chinese, to openly confronting China, Vietnam, China's once "comrade and brother", suddenly turned into a white-eyed wolf who turned against China.
Why does Vietnam treat the new China that has spared no effort to help them? What exactly does Vietnam want?
The first, stems from the deep-rooted fear and fear of China in Vietnam from history. For thousands of years, China has always been the undisputed hegemon of the East. Small countries around China have either become part of the central dynasty or are vassal states of the central dynasty.
North and South Vietnam
Even if these small countries want to get rid of the shackles of the central dynasty, however, due to the disparity in strength and cultural gap, this idea can only be deeply hidden in their hearts.
Therefore, thousands of years of history have long told a small country like Vietnam that once China completes its reunification, they will be powerless to resist China.
However, such a situation is clearly unbearable for ambitious Vietnam. Like delusional patients, they are extremely afraid that they will become a vassal state of China like Vietnam in history, and they can only follow the lead of China.
Because, although the country is not big, deep in the heart of Vietnam, they want to turn themselves into masters and become a big and powerful country in Southeast Asia and even East Asia. In this way, China's huge size and historical position have naturally become Obstacles to Vietnam's rise.
Indochina
Therefore, even though China is going all out to help Vietnam resist the United States, deep down Vietnam still sees China as a threat. For example, in the 1960s, when the Vietnam War was the most intense, some newspapers and magazines in North Vietnam began to publish historical articles about the invasion of Vietnam by the Chinese feudal rulers. So it is clear that Vietnam is still guarding against China even when China's aid is most needed.
The most outrageous thing is that when China dispatched a large number of air defense troops to provide air defense support to Vietnam, Vietnam has repeatedly asked China to hand over the command of the troops stationed in North Vietnam to them.
As for the combat situation and strength of the Vietnamese army itself, Vietnam's blockade against China is even more strict. It can be said that due to the history of thousands of years and the fear of China from the bottom of their hearts, the Vietnamese do not have much trust in China in essence.
Second, due to the provocation of the Soviet Union. When the Communist Party of Vietnam just declared independence and established the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, the Soviet Union was not really interested in the first communist country in Asia.
Vietnam
Therefore, when the regime led by the Communist Party of Vietnam was attacked by Western countries led by France and became precarious, the Soviet Union was not only indifferent, but also did not provide any assistance. Even after Vietnam's victory in the war against France with the help of China, the Soviet Union remained indifferent to the North Vietnamese regime.
The Soviet Union’s attitude towards Vietnam changed in the 1960s. At that time, due to the breakdown of Sino-Soviet relations, the Soviets found that Vietnam in southern China occupied a very important strategic position. If Vietnam could be drawn into the camp, then the Soviet Union would not only Being able to contain China from the south, and, with Vietnam as a base, the whole of Southeast Asia would also be under the threat of the Soviet Union.
Under this circumstance, the Soviet Union's attitude towards Vietnam changed greatly and began to provide large amounts of aid to Vietnam. Because the industrial strength far surpassed China, the Soviet Union's aid became more and more huge. By the end of the 1960s, the Soviet Union's aid to Vietnam had surpassed China's.
The Soviet Union
While providing a lot of aid to Vietnam, the Soviet Union continued to slander China. For example, most of the materials assisted by the Soviet Union for Vietnam had to pass through China. However, the Soviet Union continued to slander China out of thin air, saying that China set up obstacles to the Soviet Union's aid materials.
As for Vietnam, it is impossible for them to defeat the United States by virtue of their own strength. Therefore, more and better aid is beneficial to Vietnam. Therefore, Vietnam's assistance to the Soviet Union is always welcome. of.
In addition, it is very jealous of China itself, and it is essentially "a mother is a mother". Therefore, Vietnam not only refuses to come to the increasingly large Soviet aid, but also regards the Soviet aid as a check and balance. Chinese tools.
Because it is obvious that with only China as a source, it is obvious that there is no better aid from two major powers at the same time. What's more, with the containment and balance of the Soviet Union, Vietnam not only does not need to be as respectful to China as before, but also can be used in China and the Soviet Union. In open and secret battles, the fishermen profit and gain more benefits.
North Vietnam
As a result, Vietnam's attitude toward the Soviet Union began to change from indifference to eagerness, and gradually shifted the balance toward the Soviet Union.
In addition, the Soviet Union is very far away from Vietnam. In Vietnam's view, the threat of the Soviet Union is far less than that of China, which directly borders them. Therefore, under the closeness of the Soviet Union and the deliberate closeness of Vietnam, the two sides hit it off. Get closer.
After Vietnam achieved independence, Vietnam's ambitions to gain regional hegemony, annexation of Cambodia, Cambodia and Laos, and the support of the Soviet Union, the relationship between the two sides became more and more close. In November 1978, the Soviet Union and Vietnam signed a de facto agreement. The Soviet-Vietnamese Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation of the Military Alliance Treaty.
Continuing to move closer to the Soviet Union, naturally, it will continue to deviate from China, and Vietnam and China are therefore farther and farther apart.
The Soviet Union
Third, the Soviet Union was extremely dissatisfied with the improvement of Sino-US relations, and even regarded this as China's betrayal of Vietnam. In 1972, at the height of the Vietnam War, the pragmatist US President Nixon made a surprise visit to China.
The improvement of Sino-US relations not only caused an uproar around the world, but also made Vietnam feel extremely dissatisfied. Vietnam believes that when the United States invaded Vietnam, China actually interacted with their enemy, the United States. This is a betrayal of the revolutionary cause of Vietnam's revolution. .
Therefore, Vietnam not only ignored China's never-ending aid to Vietnam, but also ignored China's request during the negotiation with the United States that the United States should withdraw from Vietnam and stop the war of aggression.
Vietnam, which has already got into the horns and is unwilling to admit the facts, stubbornly believes that the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States is a betrayal of Vietnam, and the relationship between the two sides has plummeted.However, Vietnam has never thought that the relationship between China and Vietnam is that China aids Vietnam, and Vietnam seeks China, not the other way around. What right does Vietnam have to point fingers at China's diplomacy?
Nixon's visit to China
At the same time, because the United States launched a punitive bombing of Vietnam in 1973, Vietnam, which suffered heavy losses, also pinned the blame on China. They believed that it was because of the normalization of Sino-US relations that This led to the U.S. retaliation and bombing of Vietnam.
Fourth, it is also directly related to the rising nationalist sentiment in Vietnam. Like most of the small countries around China, the history of Vietnam is actually a history of being a little boy and being a little brother.
In modern times, with the rise of Vietnamese nationalism, the Vietnamese have grown increasingly dissatisfied with what they consider a humiliating history. Along with this, it makes these extreme nationalists dissatisfied with China.
Another consequence of rising nationalism is a strong desire for expansion. Before independence, Vietnam was eager to bring the French colonies Laos and Cambodia under its control to establish the so-called Indo-Chinese Federation.
Le Duan
At this time, China, which opposed Vietnam's war of aggression, naturally became the biggest obstacle for Vietnam to become a regional hegemon.
At the same time, due to domestic extreme nationalism, Vietnam has also developed a great hatred for hundreds of thousands of Chinese and overseas Chinese in its country.
The Vietnamese overseas Chinese who had made great contributions to Vietnam's independence and liberation cause not only did not become the hero of Vietnam's independence, but were slandered as the "fifth column" by the Vietnamese government, and the Vietnamese authorities began to frantically persecute and attack the Vietnamese and overseas Chinese.
At that time, hundreds of thousands of Vietnamese and overseas Chinese in Vietnam were oppressed, looted and even killed.These extreme nationalisms in Vietnam not only intensified its unrealistic desire for expansion, but also greatly intensified the contradiction with China, and eventually became the root cause of the outbreak of war between the two countries.
The rise of nationalism in Vietnam is also reflected in the issue of territorial disputes. Originally in the 1950s, the Vietnamese leader himself said that there was no dispute between the two countries in the South China Sea.
A self-defense counterattack against Vietnam
However, when Vietnam completed its reunification, its essence was exposed. Not only did it forcefully occupy points on Chinese territory such as the Nansha Islands, but it also began to make territorial claims against China.
Vietnam's blatant aggression and hegemony naturally aroused firm opposition from China, because these are China's undisputed territories in terms of history, geography, and law.
After defeating the United States, Vietnam, which has been so crazy that its brains burnt out, ignores this. They continue to send patrol boats to interrogate and blackmail Chinese fishermen, go deep into China's maritime borders, cross the border to occupy Chinese territory, and injure Chinese border residents.
Under such circumstances, China's self-defense counterattack against Vietnam has become an inevitable choice.
Fifth, the war between China and Vietnam eventually broke out, which also has a lot to do with the character of the leader. The founder of the Communist Party of Vietnam was Ho Chi Minh. Vietnam achieved independence and won the Anti-French War under the leadership of Ho Chi Minh.
Vietnam War
Due to the actual situation and historical reasons, Vietnam under Ho Chi Minh's leadership was relatively friendly to China. However, when Ho Chi Minh died and Le Duan became the leader of Vietnam, the relationship between the two countries began to deteriorate sharply.
Unlike Ho Chi Minh, who has been in China for a long time and has close ties with many leaders of the new China, he was born in central Vietnam, has no contacts with China, and does not have much historical ties to Le Duan, so he does not have a good impression of China.
Moreover, because the central area of Vietnam is very closed, and the local area is still full of humiliation that Vietnam has been invaded by China in history, Le Duan has always had a huge prejudice against China. Le Duan not only has a huge prejudice against China, but also has a strong and inexplicable sense of self-superiority deep in his heart.
Le Duan
It is this style of thinking. Le Duan is not only not grateful for China's assistance, but even more extreme. For example, in October 1952, after Le Duan visited China and returned to Vietnam, his attitude towards China was: "The Vietnamese are very brave, and the Chinese are not brave at all".
And this kind of thinking has become more exaggerated with the unification of Vietnam. After he believes that he has defeated the United States, the world's largest power, Le Duan even more arrogantly declared that Vietnam has become the "third military power in the world".
Therefore, Le Duan completely ignored the status quo that Vietnam was in ruins after decades of war. Instead of starting construction in the country, he launched a war of aggression against Cambodia and clashed with China.
When the conflict between Vietnam and China continued, the leader of China changed from Chairman Mao to Deng Xiaoping. Deng Xiaoping himself was one of the founders of New China. Don't be afraid of hardships.
Deng Xiaoping
Faced with world superpowers such as the United States and the Soviet Union, the founders of New China have never flinched at all. Facing a small Vietnam, China naturally cannot have any fear.
Therefore, in the face of Vietnam's constant provocation and Vietnam's aggression by occupying Cambodia in an attempt to become a regional hegemon, Deng Xiaoping was not at all afraid of this quagmire of war that caused the United States to withdraw. He decided to "spank the disobedient children" and launched self-defense war against Vietnam.
It can be said that Vietnam and China are "comrades and brothers", and finally meet each other. Vietnam has changed from China's largest donor country to a white-eyed wolf. There are very profound historical, cultural, ethnic, diplomatic and other reasons inside.
Among them, there are historical prejudice and jealousy of Vietnam towards China, as well as the personal narrow-mindedness of Vietnamese leaders, the Soviet Union's interference, and the misunderstanding of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States.
Under the combined effect of various reasons, in the end, the ungrateful Vietnam was severely taught a lesson by China. The dream of Vietnam's so-called Indo-Chinese Federation was completely shattered.
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