(Women Talking about History-Issue 1517)
In modern Chinese history, two " old women with double guns " appeared. These two "old women" have one feature in common: that is, they made great contributions to the resistance against Japan. The first
was Chen Lianshi . She was born in Sichuan in 1900. After the May 30th Movement, she returned to Yuechi County and joined the guerrillas. She began her legendary guerrilla career. Because she was good at using double guns in battle, she was called the "double gun old woman". Later, she was written into the famous revolutionary novel "Red Rock" by Luo Guangbin and Yang Yiyan, so she became known to more people. Her history became more complicated. In a special historical period, she was forcibly persuaded to quit the party. Later, she wrote 42 applications for joining the party, but none of them were approved. She was not a member of the Communist Party until 22 years after her death.
The second old lady with double guns is called Zhao Hongwenguo . That is, the characters detailed in this article today.
Compared with Chen Lianshi, Zhao Hongwenguo's life is more complicated. Mainly manifested in three stages:
The first stage is the anti-Japanese stage.
Zhao Hongwenguo, there is a reason for this 4-character name, because her surname is Hong, and her name is Wenguo. Her husband's surname was Zhao, so she called Zhao Hongwenguo. Zhao Hongwenguo was born in Hongqigou, Shaozihe Township, Xiuyan County, Liaoning Province, and is a Manchu. Speaking of her, one person needs to mention, that is her son Zhao Tong . Her son, Zhao Tong, is very remarkable. He is not only the "Leader of the Chinese Anti-Japanese Student Army" and the "First Manchu Anti-Japanese General", but he is also known as "Contemporary Yue Fei"-this evaluation can be said to be amazing. Regarding her son's outstanding anti-Japanese achievements, I will talk about it later, and today I will continue to talk about his mother Zhao Hongwenguo.
After the "September 18 Incident", the Japanese army occupied the northeast, and Japan began its enslavement rule, such as school.
was opposed by the Chinese people under Japan's high-pressure policy. Chinese people began to adopt various methods to boycott Japan. Zhao Hongwenguo is one of the representative figures. She returned to her hometown from Beiping and created the Zhaojiapuzi Primary School, spreading progressive knowledge and alerting the people.
However, Zhao Hongwenguo also knows very well that running a school and educating people is not enough, because even if everyone wakes up and recognizes the true face of the Japanese, they can only be angry. Therefore, she is more aware that the Japanese must be driven out of China before the Chinese can truly be the masters of the country. So she took the school as her base and began to organize the anti-Japanese armed forces. After some planning, she established an armed organization called the "Juvenile Jagged Army". But setting up an armed team is different from running a primary school. It can be achieved by running a primary school with appropriate investment, but the cost of armed forces can be huge, and weapons and ammunition are a top problem.
However, Zhao Hongwenguo is really courageous. She sells the family property directly and uses the exchanged money to buy weapons. In this way, the juvenile Jagged Army became a true armed anti-Japanese team. Zhao Hongwenguo's anti-Japanese influence became more and more serious. Bai Junshi, Liu Zhuangfei, Miao Kexiu and others successively came to Zhao Hongwenguo's command. After careful organization, the juvenile predator team grew rapidly, reaching 500 people. Another very resounding slogan of the anti-Japanese armed forces is—Recover Northeast China and revitalize China.
also attracted the attention and investigation of the Japanese because of the growing influence of the Juvenile Jagged Army. In February 1934, the Japanese reconnaissance agents found that the base area of the anti-Japanese armed forces was Zhao Hongwenguo’s home and sent troops to make a surprise attack. , Destroying Zhao Hongwenguo's home-all 16 houses and 30-year-old family property were burned out. The destruction of the
family property did not scare Zhao Hongwenguo and made her give up her determination to resist the Japanese. Instead, she became stronger and continued to lead her family to fight against the Japanese anti-Japanese members. In March of that year, she even bought a printing press, printed a large number of anti-Japanese flyers, and led people into Fengcheng, Xiuyan, Zhuanghe , Distribute in other places. The Japanese puppets and Japan are very nervous seeing this situation. Therefore, people arrested Zhao Hongwenguo.
In August of that year, Zhao Hongwenguo's family was arrested in a Japanese prison. However, in prison, her performance was extremely heroic, and the Japanese were not afraid of beating her softly-by temptation, or by hard-beating. In short, she doesn't eat the Japanese style. The Japanese finally lost to herWith patience, the Kwantung Army Command planned to secretly execute him. However, Zhao Hongwenguo was rescued after dealing with and rescued by patriots. After
, Zhao Hongwenguo left the northeast and went to Peking.
In Beiping, she did not give up the great cause of anti-Japanese, but changed her way to continue her anti-Japanese activities, such as continuing to raise arms for the juvenile predator army to support the predator, and later the juvenile predator also achieved very good results , The Jagged Army, commanded by its son Zhao Tong, fought with the Japanese army more than 300 times, killing more than 4,000 Japanese enemies.
In a blink of an eye, 1937, a major event that shocked China and foreign countries occurred this year, namely the Lugou Bridge Incident.
After the incident, on the evening of July 20, Zhao Hongwenguo held an important meeting at home. There were 24 participants, all of whom were anti-journalists. After Zhao Hongwenguo announced the spirit of the meeting, he led everyone to burn incense and swear to fight the Japanese to the death!
Then, they divided into two groups and left Beiping City. After arriving in Aries City, they formed the " North China National Anti-Japanese Army", an armed uprising! This uprising also has a certain significance in history. It was the first shot of a civilian anti-Japanese organization in North China. Zhao Hongwenguo led his team and thus started the War of Resistance Against Japan. During this period, she has achieved very impressive results. For example, her team once broke through Beijing's Second Model Prison and rescued more than 1,000 people from it. Among these more than 1,000 people, there are a large number of anti-Japanese people and Communists. For another example, the team she led went to war with the Japanese army and shot down a Japanese plane.
For example, "Ta Kung Pao" once reported that Zhao Hongwenguo led a team to attack the Japanese army: it was known in advance that the Japanese army had passed Qinggangling, Zhao Hongwenguo led the team to set up ambush here, when the enemy appeared, Zhao Hongwenguo took the lead in attacking with two guns. After firing three times in a row, 6 bullets entered the body of a Japanese squad leader, and later learned that the Japanese squad leader was named Miura. In this ambush, more than 70 enemies were killed.
Zhao Hongwenguo's "double-gun old woman" name spread quickly. Even the US " New York Times " also reprinted Zhao Hongwenguo's article about killing the enemy with two shots.
Because Zhao Hongwenguo's performance in the resistance against Japan is amazing, she has a great influence in North China, and many small anti-Japanese teams have joined them, and the team has grown to 20,000. At this time, Zhao Hongwenguo did have a feminine demeanor—even though she was nearly 60 years old, she let go of her feet, tied her leggings, and had a pair of guns in her waist. Her demeanor was still admirable.
At that time, the commander-in-chief of the Eighth Route Army Zhu De and the deputy commander-in-chief Peng Dehuai both personally wrote to Zhao Hongwenguo, inviting them to join the Eighth Route Army to fight against Japan. Later, her team was organized into the fifth team by Nie Rongzhen. The second stage of
is the civil war period.
In Zhao Hongwenguo's life, 1938 was a watershed.
Zhao Hongwenguo came to Chongqing in 1939, and took a photo with Deng Yingchao and others
Before, she was a pure anti-Japanese person, but after 1938, her tendency changed. This year, she went to Guangzhou, Nanyang and other places to raise money for the Anti-Japanese War. After that, she came to Chongqing. Probably around 1940, at the beginning Chiang Kai-shek did not intend to see her. But Dong Biwu, the person in charge of the Eighth Route Army office in Chongqing, not only met Zhao Hongwenguo, but also gave him a warm welcome. In view of the delicate relationship between the country and the Communist Party, this worries Lao Jiang, because Zhao Hongwenguo was a relatively influential figure in the anti-Japanese team at the time. If he was drawn to the Communist camp by the Eighth Route Army, it would not be good for him, at least he was Look at it this way. Therefore, Lao Jiang changed his mind of not seeing and also received her. Not only did she meet her, but she also took a group photo. In order to show her respect and respect, she wrote and wrote as a gift-the mother of the guerrilla. At the same time, Chiang Kai-shek’s wife Song Meiling is more active in her work, calling Zhao Hongwenguo "the mother of the nation" and "a role model for women in the country", and even compares her to mother-in-law and mother-in-law. These praises made Zhao Hongwenguo fall into a honeypot, dazzled, and immediately plunged into the embrace of the Kuomintang, starting her life of devoted allegiance to Chiang Kai-shek.
Zhao Hongwenguo began to provide allegiance to Chiang Kai-shek
When Chiang Kai-shek saw that Zhao Hongwenguo chose to be loyal to him, he could not be stingy, so he named Zhao Hongwenguo-the Ministry of Military Affairs and women across the countryThe steering committee's conscripts propaganda instructor, and her son Zhao Tong was appointed as the major general commander of the Second Road Appeasement Headquarters in the Jireliao Border District.
Zhao Hongwenguo began to work for Chiang Kai-shek and actively engaged in propaganda until the victory of the Anti-Japanese War in 1945. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, she returned to Peiping and mainly engaged in business. At this time, her husband had passed away-before Japan surrendered. The third stage of
is the bandit stage.
Zhao Hongwenguo spent more than three years doing business in Peking.
However, with the changes in the situation of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, the Kuomintang's steadily retreating trend has gone. In 1949, Chiang Kai-shek, who was about to perish at the end of the crossbow, suddenly thought of Zhao Hongwenguo, the "two-gun old woman" of that year. With a call from Chiang Kai-shek, Zhao Hongwenguo left Peiping and came to Chongqing.
At this time, all Chiang Kai-shek's plans are nothing but a dying struggle. He just wanted to use the title of "Old Lady with Two Guns" to pull a banner to the rear of the Communist Party to engage in guerrilla warfare. At the same time, he sealed Zhao Hongwenguo's fourth son, Zhao Lianzhong as—— Commander of the Second Route Appeasement Column of the Southwest Anti-Communist Guerrilla Army. Originally, Zhao Hongwenguo, who was nearly 70 years old at this time, should stay in Beijing and spend her old age to enjoy the happiness of family relationship, but she did not. Instead, she was deceived by Jiang Jieshi, Jiang Jingguo and father and son. "I was so touched that I decided to hand over his wealth to the party state at all costs.
Zhao Hongwenguo is very ambitious, but he is now and then.
was a nationwide anti-Japanese war, and the whole people were of one mind, so she raised her arms and her followers were thousands. Of course, the situation today has undergone a fundamental change soon. The defeat of the Kuomintang has become a foregone conclusion. She wants to make a difference at this time, but it is against the trend, how can it be done?
Therefore, Zhao Hongwenguo searched for a long time in Sichuan before finding a foothold in Sanhe Township, Shifang County, . The mayor of Sanhe Township is called Ma Julin. In his early years, he admired the prestige of the "double-gun old woman" very much, so he warmly received her and was willing to follow suit, recruiting troops and guerrillas based in Sanhe Township. As a result, Zhao Hongwenguo set up a banner at the Sansheng Palace Headquarters in Sanhe Township-the Second Route Appeasement Headquarters of the Southwest Anti-Communist Guerrilla Army.
In the early years of the Jizhong Plain during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, He Long had the experience of fighting against Japan together with the "Old Lady with Two Guns". Therefore, when it was heard that Zhao Hongwenguo was hoisting the anti-communist banner in Sanhe Township, it was a momentary confusion. Besides, she did fight the Japanese soldiers in the anti-Japanese war. Therefore, He Long gave the following troops an instruction: that is Try to do ideological work to fight for Zhao Hongwenguo. If you really can't get it, even if you meet each other, you must capture it alive and not kill it.
Let’s say that after Zhao Hongwenguo temporarily gained a foothold in Sanhe Township, she started her incredible work. She did three things in total:
The first thing she did was to kill people, killing more than 20 people at a time, these 20 people were not others. It is the activists among the peasants and the staff of the People's Liberation Army's grain collection.
The second thing she did was to continue to kill. In the next 10 days, more than 200 people who were working for grain requisitions and the masses actively approaching the Communist Party were killed.
The third thing she did was to attack Shifang County.
had a total of 5,000 bandit teams at the time, and in terms of numbers, this team was not small. Perhaps it is precisely because of this number that Zhao Hongwen has the courage to attack Shifang County.
She was too old and couldn't run fast, so she put two guns in her waist, sat on a pair of sliding poles, was carried by people, and was responsible for directing.
Her team walked halfway, before reaching Shifang County, they encountered resistance from the 537 regiment of the 179th Division of the 60th Army of the People’s Liberation Army. As a result, the bandit team was vulnerable and began to retreat before it hit. Zhao Hongwenguo fired his gun to the sky on the sliding pole to deter him from retreating. However, the bandit team was originally a greedy for money and fear of death, and it was not profitable at first sight, and the offensive of the 537 regiment was fierce. Even the person who lifted the pole ran away.
Zhao Hongwenguo was abandoned by his son Zhao Lianzhong and ran away. However, because He Long had given instructions before, the 537 regiment saw the bandits escape and did not chase. Instead, they used the masses to persuade Zhao Hongwen to surrender according to the instructions of the superior. However, Zhao Hongwenguo was stubborn and unrepentant, and he gathered a band of bandits again in an attempt to attack Shifang County. But fighting again, the result was as before, all defeated.
However, this time, the PLA troops did not give up chasing after him. So 537 regiment 1 battalionThe battalion commander Li Zuojun and instructor Li Fengqi led the troops to arrest Zhao Hongwenguo.
After Zhao Hongwenguo was defeated, he heard that the People's Liberation Army had chased him to Sanhe Township, so he overcame the Tumen Snow Mountain and fled to Dashiba in Mianzhu County. But when Li Zuojun led his troops to chase Dashiba, Zhao Hongwenguo had fled and went to Hongmiaochang. Because Dashiba is more than 100 miles away from Hongmiaochang, the journey is far away. Therefore, battalion commander Li Zuojun and the instructor led a team. Li Zuojun led the 2nd and 3rd companies on the small road, and the instructor Li Fengqi led the 1st company on the main road. Prepare two routes to outflank Hongmiaochang and capture the "double-gun old woman" alive.
In the end, the team fought for a short time in Hongmiaochang and eliminated the bandit team. After that, the 1st company commander He Jianji led a team in the attic wall of the farmer's Yu Fuhua Home, and caught the famous "double-gun old woman" Zhao Hongwenguo. Because of He Long's instructions, he was very kind to her and brought her to the camp.
learned that Zhao Hongwenguo had been arrested. Premier Zhou Enlai took time out of his busy schedule to call from Beijing, saying that after all, Zhao Hongwenguo had killed the Japanese, and that he was worthy of anti-Japanese warfare. He hoped that he could retain people. However, after Zhao Hongwenguo was arrested, it caused great public outrage in the local area. In particular, the families of more than 200 people killed demanded the execution of this "double-gun old woman." In view of the strong public outrage, in desperation, the Military Law Department of the Southwest Military Region, in desperation, had no choice but to obey public opinion and sentence Zhao Hongwenguo and her son Zhao Lianzhong to be executed by shooting.
The news of Zhao Hongwenguo's execution reached Beijing. Chairman Mao Zedong thought of his merits in the fight against Japan and personally instructed: Treat his family members kindly, and the arrested family members must be released unconditionally.
Concluding remarks: If you ask the old lady of double gun Zhao Hongwenguo, how does it end? Judging from the results of He Long and Premier Zhou Enlai's hope not to kill and Mao Zedong's instructions to treat their family members kindly, her ending is already very good. Her anti-Japanese merits benefited her relatives, but her crimes of anti-Communist and killing more than 200 people must also be borne by herself.
(Text/A woman who talks about history·green fire)
