Top Ten Famous Prime Ministers of Ancient China:
1. Talent is as high as heaven and deep as the sea--Qin Xianglisi
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The famous figures of the Qin dynasty, who have made remarkable achievements, have been pursuing utilitarian power without pretending all their lives. He made his debut as a teenager, studied emperor skills, first voted for Lu Buwei, harem draped words, offered to cut the princes, destroyed the six kingdoms, became the emperor's strategy, gained the trust of the first emperor, and flew in the capital of Qin. On the "Book of Admonishment", advocating the system of prefectures and counties, unified currency, weights and measures, and the creation of "small seal" unified text. He also helped Qin Shihuang burn books and confess Confucianism, attached Zhao Gao Dune to seek rebellion, and eventually trapped the villain, and a generation of mastermind was killed in Xianyang.
2. The honorable officials and the ministers gave the posterity to the later generations-the founding father of the Western Han Dynasty, Xiao He
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Chu Nai Qin's late clerk, But he was able to take advantage of the situation and support Pei Gong. Persuaded Liu Bang to avoid Xiang Yu's edge, condescending the king of Hanzhong, Xu Tu the world; with unique eyes, chasing Han Xin under the moon, so that the "Han Xing three heroes" came under Liu Bang alone. Chu and Han competed and stayed behind to provide sufficient support for Liu Bang; the Han Dynasty initially decided, governed the country, issued laws and regulations, and gained the reputation of "Xiao Gui Cao Sui".
3. Three masters of inexhaustible conspiracy-Chen Ping, the first name of the Han Dynasty,
Young and handsome, favoring the widows of others, and six strange tricks to help the great ancestor solve the siege of Baideng, Wang and Chen joined forces with Zhou Bo, and finally eliminated Queen Lu's forces. In the early Han Dynasty, Han Xin was slandered, captured in Yunmengze, and died in the bell room; Xiao He was slandered and had been in jail; Zhang Liang was afraid of misfortune and asked to travel freely. However, Chen Ping was able to stay in position for a long time and end well, which shows that he is so old in officialdom that he is far above the three masters.
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4. One word can break the world---Early Tang Fang Xuan Ling
Guoxue Culture Intensive Reading da1a7d#4#Tang Kaiguo Minister, Zhenguan name and appearance, is also the person who has lived in phase for the longest time in the early Tang Dynasty. He is so wise and conspiring. Known as the "Xiao He of Han Dynasty", the Wumen Incident was the mastermind and helped Li Shimin to win the throne. It can be described as a plan to determine the universe. It was included in the twenty-four heroes of the Lingyan Pavilion. In the end, it was brilliant. The son became the attached horse and the daughter became the princess. Achievement, such a privilege, is not in vain to spend his life for the Tang Dynasty.
5. The eternal minister-Wei Zheng, the name of the Tang Dynasty
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to make a name for the world with direct admonitions, Xuanwu war change, change the main and auxiliary Qin king, Taizong Shi Jin is the prime minister. He had the courage to speak what others didn't dare to speak, and he didn't stop until he reached his goal. He set a precedent in history that the monarch "feared" his ministers and set a model for the relationship between monarchs and ministers in the past. Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty had Wei Zheng, who made the world prosperous--the rule of Zhenguan. It is no wonder that when Wei Zheng died, Taizong sighed with emotion, "Wei Zheng has not, and I have lost a mirror"!
6, the most controversial prime minister in Chinese history- -Wang Anshi
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The name and appearance of Shenzong in the Northern Song Dynasty. He led a vigorous and tragic Xining Reform. Before the reform, he was called "the saint of the world." After the reform, Sima Guang scolded the traitorous minister who wanted to usurp the throne. Later Huizong admired him so much, but Qinzong regarded him as the leader of the Northern Song Dynasty's demise; Zhu Xi denounced him as a hypocrite with an ill-conceived heart and a reputation, and Lu Jiuyuan praised him as "the act of whiteness, cold in frost"; and Yang Shen completed it. "The first villain in ancient and modern times", Liang Qichao called him "the only perfect person under three generations"; Lenin praised him as "the greatest reformer of the 11th century in China."
7. If you want to win the world, there is no way to call the old ones---the name of the Northern Song dynasty is quasi
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Strengthen the Lord to fight against the Liao and promote the "Chan" Yuan Zhimeng”, the latter was dumped by traitorous officials and the queen, a generation of direct officials"Kou Laoxi" died in depression. He "has an official residence, but does not have a house to build a platform" upright and honest, and is a model for generations.
8, North Kingdom Wolong-Yuan Dynasty name Xiangye Lv Chucai
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He was called "God Man", and he was admonished in the Yuan Dynasty. The eighteen articles against current malpractices ensured the initial stability of the country. Afterwards, the tax system was reformed, and the "talents of governance" were vigorously cultivated. Eventually, the Mongolian rulers who were prosperous in "martial arts" received the effect of "political governance".
9. Rescuing the Prime Minister of the Ming Dynasty-Zhang Juzheng, Prime Minister of the Ming Dynasty
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Ingenious, good governance: creating test methods, rectifying Administering officials, clearing the land, implementing the "one whip method" to control the Yellow River and the Huai River, repair the border defenses, the merits are in the community, and the name will be given to later generations. After ten years in power, he saved the Ming Dynasty and was reputed as "the prime minister of the time." As a teacher of the emperor, he strives to nurture the emperor, and he is a very good teacher. However, after his death, he was settled by a gang of villains "Queen of Autumn", but he was cut off from his posthumous post, and his home was ransacked! Those who gave up their family as a country, became a sinner in the world.
10, Wen Dan Wulue officialdom model-Qing Dynasty fame Zeng Guofan
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A generation of famous names, and even an official elite. After ten years of seven moves, he even jumped to the tenth grade, and became a second-grade Beijing official at the age of 37. He pursued the principle of "establishing words, meritorious service, and morality", and his writings, family notes, and diaries were widely circulated; he made meritorious service and saved the Qing Dynasty; and established morality and set an example in everything. He was hailed as the "first minister of ZTE", "leader of the Westernization Movement", "holy minister" and "father of modern history". His life is extremely successful, his reputation and status, what others have, he has, and he has what others don't, he has become the only person Mao Zedong admires, and has become the perfect teacher image in Chiang Kai-shek's heart. Throughout his life, his infinite strategic wisdom, his unique way of self-cultivation, his effective philosophy of power and skill, his undefeated officialdom, his invincible view of people The secrets are amazing!
The historical evolution of the prime ministers of each dynasty
The prime ministers originated in the Spring and Autumn Period. Guan Zhong is the first outstanding prime minister in Chinese history. In the Warring States period, the position of prime minister was established in every vassal state.
In the Qin Dynasty, the official name of the prime minister was the prime minister. Sometimes it is divided into left and right, with the right as the top, called "right prime minister" and "left prime minister".
The Han Dynasty is similar to the Qin Dynasty, but if it is called Xiangguo, the status is higher, and the Yushi doctor is the deputy. During Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, a group of Confucian scholars were appointed as prime ministers to handle daily administrative affairs, while the administrative center was transferred to the inner court. The power of the prime minister gradually shifted to the hands of Chief Shang Shutai. Emperor Ai of the Han Dynasty changed the prime minister to the great Situ, and the Eastern Han Dynasty was governed by Situ, Sikong, and Taiwei. At the time of Emperor Han Xian, the prime minister was restored and Cao Cao was appointed.
During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the prime ministers or state ministers were mostly officials who pretended to be powerful ministers and became a means to usurp the throne. The system of the Southern and Northern Dynasties was changeable. The emperor was the prime minister who discussed political affairs or delegated secrets. The official names were Zhongshu Supervisor, Zhongshu Ling, Men Xia Shi Zhong, Shang Shu Ling, Fu She or General. The person with the most respect and power is the record of the book.
The Sui Dynasty established the three-province system. The governors of the three provinces made the internal history decrees of the internal history province, the Nayan of the Menxia Province, and the Shangshuling of the Shangshu Province.
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In the Tang Dynasty, the province of Neishi was changed to the province of Zhongshu, the order of internal history was the order of Zhongshu, and the order of Nayan was the servant. As Taizong once served as Shang Shuling, he will no longer appoint this official in the future, and he will instead be appointed as the prime minister. After Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty, only those who added the "three grades under the school of Tongzhong" and "Pingzhangshi under the school of Tongzhong" were the prime ministers.
The prime minister system of the Five Dynasties basically follows the Tang Dynasty, but it also has many characteristics of its own. In the Five Dynasties, the ministers of Zhongshu, the servants of the sect, the ministers, the ministers and other officials and Tongping Zhang were all prime ministers. The exceptions are Hou Tang and Hou Zhou.
Later Emperor Mingzong of the Tang Dynasty in the September Fourth Year of Changxing:"Feng Youjingbang's Maoye, Yijin is located on the public platform, but the word "Pingzhang" violates his father's name, and he does not want to denounce his family taboo. You can change Tongpingzhang's story to the second grade of the same school." In the later Zhou Xiande years, the privy envoy Wu Tingzuo once added the title of "the second class under the same school". The names of other prime ministers are still "Tongping Zhangshi".
During the Five Dynasties, the centralization of power was further increased. While the power of the prime minister was invaded by the emperor, he began to intervene in the affairs of various ministries. The prime minister often judges, leads, and is in charge of the work of a certain department, especially some important departments, almost all of which are led by the prime minister. Compared with the Tang Dynasty, a major change in the system of prime ministers during the Five Dynasties was that the quality of prime ministers was uniformly fixed and improved.
In February of the fifth year of Tianfu Houjin, "Sheng Zhongshumen Xia Pingzhang Shi is the second grade of positive", and it is stipulated that "the servants under the Zhongshu school shall be the third grade of Qingwang". Since then, the prime minister’s grade has been improved and fixed to the second grade, and once the Zhongshu Shilang and the subordinate servant are added to the Tongping Zhangshi as the prime minister, their official grades will also be upgraded from the positive third grade to the positive second grade.
The reform of the system of prime ministers in the later Jin Dynasty completely changed the chaotic and unreasonable situation of prime ministers since the Tang Dynasty. Compared with the system of prime ministers in the Tang Dynasty, the biggest change is that during the Five Dynasties, the system of prime ministers emerged and was inherited. In the post-Tang Dynasty Zhuangzong period, "Dou Lugeshi was the prime minister, so he called it the first minister" is considered to be the beginning of the five-generation prime minister system with a history.
In the Song Dynasty, Tongping Zhangshi was the official name of the prime minister, and political affairs officials were the deputy. From the Han Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty, the emperor's courtesy of waiting for the prime minister was gradually demoted, until the Song Taizu abolished the ceremony of "sitting", which greatly reduced the position of the prime minister. Yuanfeng was restructured and set up two prime ministers. The prime minister was called Shang Shu Zuo Pu shot and his servant servant, and the second was Shang Shu You Pu shot and Zhong Shu servant. In addition, he set up his vice minister, Zhong Shu Shi Lang, and Shang Shu left and right prime minister. During the Zhenghe period, the left servant shot was changed to Dazai and the servant servant, and the right servant shot was changed to Shaozai and Zhongshu servant. During Jianyan, the prime minister's name was changed to Shang Shu Zuo Pu She Tong Zhong Shu Men Xia Ping Zhang Shi, and the deputy minister was a political affairs officer. The main roads were changed to the left and right prime ministers.
After the founding of the country, Song Taizu continued to strengthen the imperial power, divide and weaken the power. The prime minister is not an official official name. It was actually a group in the Sui Dynasty, the highest leadership excluding the emperor. In the early Song Dynasty, the "two government and three divisions system" was implemented, and the power of the prime minister was divided into three. Although the central government has three provinces, the three provinces and the six ministers and officials are not allowed to manage the affairs of the department without authorization and become idle posts. The actual power belongs to the organization "Zhongshu Menxia", also known as Zhengshitang and Dutang. It manages national administrative affairs, with Tongping Zhangshi as the chief officer, mostly by the ministers of Zhongshu and Menxia, and there is no fixed number of staff. In addition, the administrative power is divided by taking participation in political affairs as deputy ministers. The Privy Council is the highest military institution of the central government, and the chief is the privy envoy, and together with the political affairs hall, it is called the "two houses" in the east and west. The "Three Divisions" (Household Department, Salt and Iron, and Duzhi) are in charge of finances and are known as the "Planning Province". The chief is the "Three Division Envoys", known as the "Planning Phase", and their status is slightly lower than the "Second Government". The two government and three divisions are independent and independent of each other. They are directly responsible to the emperor and constitute the highest auxiliary government agency.
Song Shenzong Yuanfeng reorganized, abolished the second government and three divisions system, with the left and right servants serving as prime ministers, the left servants serving as the servants under the door, and the right servants serving as the servants of the Zhongshu.
At the beginning of the Southern Song Dynasty, the left and right servants added Tongping Zhangshi, the prime minister, no longer concurrently serving as the minister of the second province, and the minister of the two provinces changed to participate in the political affairs of the governor. After Emperor Xiaozong of the Southern Song Dynasty, the prime minister was the prime minister of the left and right, and the deputy prime minister still participated in the political affairs. In addition, Zong, Ningzong, and Lizong all set up "Pingzhang Military State Important Matters" and "Tongpingzhang Military State Important Matters", which were held by veteran or powerful ministers who handled military affairs and were high-ranking prime ministers.
The Liao Dynasty established two official systems: the north and the south. The north is divided into two privy councils, the north and the south are in charge of the military, and the south is in charge of internal affairs. The North and South Privy Councils are respectively composed of North and South Prime Minister's Office and Prime Minister. South: Southern officials mostly imitated the Tang Dynasty system. There were also officials from three provinces and six ministries, various platforms, courtyards, monasteries, prisons, and all guards. Their status was as lofty as the northern courtyard, but they had no real power. It is a lofty institution used by the state to raise scholars.
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Jin Dynasty took Shangshu Province as the highest administrative institution in the country, and there were no two provinces of Zhongshu and Menxia. Take Shang Shuling as the prime minister.
In the Yuan Dynasty, the Zhongshu Province was the center of government affairs. The chief official Zhongshu was often led by the crown prince, under the leadership of the prime minister, and then the political affairs of Pingzhang.
At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, there was also a Zhongshu Province, which left and right the prime minister. Hongwu thirteen years,Stop Zhongshu Province, abolish the prime minister, and let the emperor decide the state affairs. The prime minister system was abolished. After the emperor was overwhelmingly complex, he set up a cabinet of associate academicians. The post of the cabinet gradually increased, and the bachelors became the de facto prime ministers, called auxiliary ministers, and the head was the first auxiliary.
The Qing Dynasty established cabinet scholars along the Ming Dynasty. During the Yongzheng period, the military department was established. The cabinet became the idle cao and the military minister became the de facto prime minister. The Ming and Qing dynasties used to call conferring scholars a worship, but there was no official title of prime minister. The New Deal was implemented in the late Qing Dynasty, imitating the Japanese system, and the Prime Minister of the Cabinet was established as the head of the administrative organ. Among all official positions, the prime minister has changed the most. This is because the monarch needs the prime minister to help manage political affairs, and he is worried that the prime minister's power will be too heavy and endanger his own power.
What other names in the history: Guan Zhong, Tian Dan, Wei Ran, Shang Yang, Lu Buwei, Li Si, Xiao He, Cao Shen, Zhou Bo, Zhou Yafu, Dou Ying, Cao Cao, Zhuge Liang, Lu Xun, Wang Meng, Xie An , Fang Xuanling, Du Ruhui, Di Renjie, Zhang Jianzhi, Yao Chong, Zhao Pu, Kou Zhun, Wang Anshi, Sima Guang, Wen Tianxiang, Lu Xiufu, Li Shanchang, Yu Qian, Zhang Juzheng, Li Dongyang, Fang Xiaoru, Xie Qian, Liu Tongxun, Sony, Zhang Tingyu, Nalan Pearl, Suo Etu, He Shen, etc.
