The so-called warlords, firstly, must have guns, and secondly, they must have land. If the land can support the guns, they can grow and develop; otherwise, they can only shrink, and they will be defeated by others and their territory will be taken away by others. During the Republic of China, there were some small warlords like this. Their territory was not large and they were constantly changing. However, they were like invincible Xiao Qiang, surviving tenaciously for a long time. Strange things often happen to them. Liu Cunhou of Sichuan has been the Sichuan governor in Hanzhong and Suiding for a long time, and was appointed by the Beijing government; Fan Zhongxiu, who held high the banner of "founding the Henan Army", led his troops from Ganzhou to Henan via Hubei in December 1924. An illegal armed force traveled half of China without any damage; the Zhensong Army was born as a bandit, had no fixed territory for a long time, was good at management, and traveled among various forces.
1. Liu Cunhou (1885-1960)
A native of Sichuan, he graduated from Sichuan Armed Forces Academy in 1907 and was selected to be sent to the Japanese Army Non-Commissioned Officer School sixth period. After graduating in December 1908, he served as an instructor at the Yunnan Lecture Hall and joined the Chinese Allied Federation. In 1911, he served as the leader of the 2nd Battalion of the 19th Town Cai'e 37th Association 74th Biao and participated in the Chongjiu Uprising. Liu Cunhou, the general staff officer of the Yunnan Army aiding Sichuan, led his team to Luzhou, Sichuan. He left the Yunnan Army in March 1912 and stayed in Chengdu to serve as the commander of the Fourth Division of the Sichuan Army. In August 1913, Liu Cunhou defeated Xiong Kewu, the commander of the Fifth Division of the Sichuan Army and the garrison envoy of Chongqing who participated in the "Second Revolution". Peng Guanglie's Second Division of the Sichuan Army, who secretly communicated with Xiong Kewu, was disbanded, and Liu Cunhou's Fourth Division was changed to the Second Division.
Chen Yu entered Sichuan in early 1915, and Liu Cunhou was stationed at Luzhou as the commander-in-chief of Qingxiang in southern Sichuan. On January 31, 1916, Liu Cunhou surrendered to Cai E's Yuan Dian Army in Naxi and fought a bloody battle with Zhang Jingyao's 50,000 Beiyang Army. After Yuan Shikai's death, Liu Cunhou was still stationed in Chengdu as the commander of the Second Division. In April 1917, Liu Cunhou and the Yunnan Army of the Sichuan Governor Luo Peijin started a street battle in Chengdu. The Guizhou Army Dai Kan temporarily served as the Sichuan Governor. In July, Dai Kan used troops against Liu Cunhou, and the Guizhou army was defeated and left the city. The commander of the first division of the Sichuan Army Zhou Daogang became the governor of Sichuan, and Zhang Lan was the governor. In December, Liu Cunhou gathered three divisions of the Sichuan Army to defeat the Yunnan and Guizhou armies, and was promoted to the governor.
1918.2 In February, Xiong Kewu led the Jingguo army to capture Chengdu and became the governor of Sichuan. Liu Cunhou fled to Hanzhong, Shaanxi. In October 1920, Xiong Kewu and Liu Cunhou, who were driven out of Chengdu by the Yunnan and Guizhou armies, organized the Jingchuan Army to conquer Chengdu and Chongqing. Two military governors appointed by the northern and southern governments respectively faced off in Chengdu and Chongqing. In February 1921, Xiong Kewu, Dan Maoxin, Liu Xiang, Liu Chengxun and others jointly attacked Liu Cunhou, and Liu Cunhou left the field to escape from Ningqiang. In February 1923, Wu Peifu helped Yang Sen return to Sichuan and ordered Liu Cunhou to march into northern Sichuan. In May, Liu Cunhou was defeated. In May 1924, Liu Cunhou was appointed as the Supervisor of the Sichuan-Shaanxi Border Defense, with jurisdiction over the four counties of Suiding, Wanyuan, Xuanhan, and Chengkou, and took in Wu Peifu.
1933.In October Chiang Kai-shek appointed Liu Cunhou as the commander-in-chief of the Sixth Route of Sichuan's "Communist Suppression" Army, responsible for the "encirclement and suppression" of the Red Army in northern Sichuan. As a result, he was defeated by the Red Army and ended his nearly ten-year rule in Suiding. Chiang Kai-shek dismissed Liu Cunhou from his post for investigation and reorganized his remaining troops. After that, Liu Cunhou was unemployed for a long time and went to Taiwan in 1949.
2. Fan Zhongxiu (1888～1930)
was born in Baofeng County, Henan Province. He entered the Shaolin Temple at the age of 13. In 1912, the Fan family fled to Huojiagou, Yichuan County, Shaanxi Province to open up wasteland and farm land. In 1914, Fan Zhongxiu gathered more than 200 people to occupy the mountain and become king. In 1915, he was recruited by Chen Shufan, commander of the Fourth Mixed Brigade of the Shaanxi Army. In May 1916, Chen Shufan was appointed as the governor of Shaanxi. In 1917, Guo Jian, Hu Jingyi and others organized the "Jingguo Army" to challenge Chen. Fan Zhongxiu led his troops to join the Jingguo Army. In March 1918, Fan Zhongxiu retreated to Shang County. In June, he was appointed as the commander of the second army in Shaanxi. Fan Zhongxiu was appointed as the commander of the second route of the Jingguo Army. He jumped up to Ba and fought between Lintong and Weinan.
1920.5 In May, Fan Zhongxiu led his troops to western Henan, and was organized into a regiment of the "Hongwei Army" of Zhao Ti, the governor of Yu. Wang Zhanyuan during the Hunan-Hubei War in July 1921. After the end, it returned to Henan and was expanded into the Henan Temporary First Division to garrison in eastern Henan.In April 1922, he accompanied Cai Chengxun to "aid Jiangxi". In August 1923, he joined Sun Yat-sen . In November, he arrived in Guangzhou and defeated the Chen Jiongming rebels, turning Guangzhou into a safe place. Fan Zhongxiu was elected as an alternate Central Supervisory Committee member at the First National Congress of the Kuomintang.
1924. In September, Fan Zhongxiu became the "Commander-in-Chief of the Founding Henan Army" Northern Expedition Jiangxi. In December, Fan Zhongxiu led his troops to enter Henan from Ganzhou via Hubei. The number of troops grew to 30,000 to 40,000 and were stationed in southwest Henan. In March 1925, Fan Zhongxiu assisted the Second National Army in defeating Han Yukun and stationed in Luoyang. In February 1926, Wu Peifu and his allies defeated the Second National Army and took control of Henan. Fan led his troops to retreat to the mountains of southwestern Henan. In April 1927, he surrendered to Tang Shengzhi in Wuhan and pursued the remnants of Wu Peifu to Nanyang. In the winter of 1928, he was forced by Feng Yuxiang to resign Fan Zhongxiu.
In 1930, Fan Zhongxiu returned to Henan to summon Sun Shigui, Commander of the 12th Army Ren Yingqi and other old troops to mobilize against Chiang Kai-shek, and set up a headquarters in Xuchang. In May, he was killed by a bomb dropped by Jiang Jun aircraft.
3. Liu Zhenhua (1883-1952) suppressed the Song Army
1911.9 In September, the "swordsman" Wang Tian in western Henan Zong claimed to be a revolutionary party and led thousands of people to join the Qinlong-Henan Restoration Army in Zhangfang. He was appointed as the vanguard officer of the Eastern Expedition ( Zhang Zhigong, Chai Yunsheng, Hanyukun Standard Command) and secretary Liu Zhenhua. In May 1912, Wang Tianzong entered Beijing as an official, and Liu Zhenhua commanded the Third Biao and First Battalion, a total of more than 3,000 people. With the approval of Henan Governor Zhang Zhenfang, he guarded western Henan and became a small warlord. In the winter of 1917, Liu Zhenhua led his troops into Shaanxi to help Chen Shufan defeat the Jingguo Army and became the governor of Shaanxi. In 1920, Chen Shufan was betrayed to retain his position as governor. In 1922, Feng Dong left Henan, and Liu Zhenhua acted as governor of Shaanxi. At this time, the Zhensong Army administered Chai Yunsheng's 1st Division, Zhang Zhigong's 2nd Division ( Wu Tinglin , Yang Hongchen Regiment, Zhang Mutong Artillery Regiment), Ma Shuiwang 3rd Division, and Han Yukun's 35th Division, with a total of 100,000 people.
After the Beijing coup, Han Yukun's 35th Division occupied Wu Peifu's Luoyang and incorporated bandit troops from all over the country. The army grew to 50,000 people. In February 1925, the Huhan Battle broke out with the Second National Army to compete for Henan. The Song Army retreated across the board; Liu Zhenhua transferred Wu Xintian to guard Xi'an. , personally led Ma Shuiwang's division to Luoyang, most of Ma Shuiwang's division surrendered to Fan, Linru Zhang Zhigong stood still, and Li Zhenya's brigade rebelled. Tian Weiqin and Jin Yun'e in southern Henan did not send troops, Liu Zhenhua was defeated again by Yue Weijun and surrendered to Yan Xishan, and the Zhensong Army collapsed. Li Huchen entered Xi'an and became the governor of Shaanxi.
1925. In October, Wu Peifu invited Liu Zhenhua to come out to reorganize the Zhensong Army to deal with the National Army, and Liu Zhenhua led Chai Yun Sheng, Wang Zhen, Mei Fakui and other 20,000 troops blocked the return of the Nationalist Army in Shaanling. Yue Weijun and Li Huchen surrendered. The various departments of the Zhensong Army were busy grabbing the guns of the 80,000 surrendered troops. Li Huchen disguised himself as soldiers and ran back to Xi'an, and Yue Weijun secretly crossed the Yellow River . After the various divisions of the Song Army arrived at Xi'an City after their quarrel, Li Huchen and Yang Hucheng made preparations to defend the city. The Song Army besieged Xi'an for eight months. In November 1926, Feng Jun and Sun Liangcheng's troops arrived, and the Song Army retreated to Henan. In January 1927, Feng Yuxiang was assigned to the Eighth Front Army of the Second Group, which was under the jurisdiction of Wan Xuancai Army (formerly Chai Division), Jiang Mingyu Army (Fan Longzhang, Li Wanru Division), Zhang Desheng Army (formerly Wang Zhenbu), and Mei Fakui Army (Wu Yanzhou, He Kexing Division).
1927. In October Jiang Mingyu army surrendered Zhang Zongchang , the Zhilu Allied Forces approached Kaifeng , Feng Yuxiang mobilized Northern Henan Shi Yousan and Han Fuqu to defeat the Zhilu Allied Forces. Liu Zhenhua killed and Zhang Desheng, and Liu Maoen succeeded Mei Fakui. At this time, the Song army only had Liu Maoen and Wan Xuancai. After the Northern Expedition was completed, the Song army was reduced to the second division stationed in Langfang . During the war between Feng and Chiang Kai-shek in 1929, Liu Zhenhua deserted Feng and surrendered to Chiang Kai-shek. Liu Zhenhua handed over his troops to Wan Xuan before leaving the country. When Tang Shengzhi rebelled against Chiang, Liu Mao's mentor crossed the river and joined Yan Xishan, and the two divisions separated. During the Central Plains War , ten thousand troops surrendered to Feng, who became the commander-in-chief of the Sixth Route and chairman of Henan Province. Wan commanded the three brigades of Fan Longzhang and Zhao Yu to attack Dangshan , but were repulsed by Jiang's army and Liu Zhi's troops. Liu Mao'en's army, who came for reinforcements, detained Wan Xuancai (who failed to mobilize his old troops but was shot by Chiang) and surrendered to Chiang Kai-shek. After the Central Plains War, Liu Maoen's 15th Army (Xu Xianfeng's 64th and Ruan Puqing's 65th Division) was stationed in Xinxiang. In 1932, it was transferred to Huangzhou to fight the Red Army. In May 1933, Liu Zhenhua was appointed chairman of Anhui Province.
