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In 1975, the mainland released the last batch of Kuomintang war criminals detained, a total of 293. 283 of them immediately expressed their intention to stay in the mainland, and they were assigned to various fronts in the construction of New China.
Another 10 people hoped to return to Taiwan to reunite with their relatives, and their superiors quickly approved their applications. On April 11, Tong Xiaopeng, then deputy minister of the United Front Work Department, hosted a farewell banquet for the 10 war criminals in Beijing.
html On the 113th, 10 people took a flight to Guangzhou. After a day of rest in Guangzhou, they took the 91 express to Shenzhen.
In Shenzhen, the staff issued each person a visa to enter and exit Hong Kong, as well as brand new clothes and 2,000 Hong Kong dollars in travel expenses.
After a group of 10 people came to Hong Kong, their endings were very different. Some returned to the mainland, some stayed in Hong Kong, and some went to the United States. One of them committed suicide.
Go to Taiwan
When the 10 released war criminals of the Kuomintang planned to return to Taiwan, a major event happened in Taiwan that shocked the world.
When Chiang Kai-shek heard that the 10 war criminals had applied to return to Taiwan, Chiang Kai-shek shouted: "Mao Zedong is killing me!"
Unexpectedly, the words came true. On April 5, the 88-year-old Chiang Kai-shek had a heart attack . The doctor did not save him, and he bid farewell to this world at his Shilin residence in Taipei.
Chiang Kai-shek believed that these 10 war criminals were not returning home to visit relatives at all. They were "reactionaries" who were "instigated to rebel" by the Communist Party.
The purpose of these people returning to Taiwan is to complete the infiltration work of the CCP’s United Front, and they are spies of the CCP.
After Chiang Ching-kuo succeeded, he agreed with his father's views and had no interest in the 10 war criminals who applied to return to Taiwan.
The 10 war criminals who arrived in Hong Kong did not know Chiang Ching-kuo's attitude. They believed that they were loyal to the Kuomintang and were waiting in Hong Kong for the Kuomintang to come to receive them.
After the funeral of Chiang Kai-shek, the then President of Taiwan, Yan Jiagan, disclosed their opinions on the acceptance of these 10 war criminals in the Taiwanese media.
He inherited Chiang Kai-shek's views and publicly stated that he did not welcome these 10 war criminals to return to Taiwan. They would consider and handle them carefully after taking necessary precautions.
At this time, the visas of these 10 war criminals had expired. Mainland staff extended their visas for 10 days and then sent them all to the Hong Kong Immigration Bureau.
After that, Taiwan proposed a specific plan for these 10 war criminals to return to Taiwan, allowing them to apply as refugees to the Mainland Refugee Relief Federation.
Yan Jiagan
These 10 war criminals did not agree to return to Taiwan as refugees. Three of them, Zhang Haishang, Zhao Yixue, and Yang Nancun, had not held high official positions before, so they chose to return to the mainland.
Among the three people, Zhao Yixue held the highest official position and was the former commander of the 281st Division of the Kuomintang.
After the three people returned to the mainland, they were assigned to Wuhan, Shanghai and Chengdu respectively to serve as local provincial and municipal CPPCC members.
Zhao Yixue’s home was originally in Shanghai. During his detention, the government did not harm his wife and children.
After he entered the CPPCC, he worked very actively, and later joined the United Front Work Department, where he made many contributions in promoting mainland policies and guidelines to Taiwan and promoting cross-strait reunification.
What will be the fate of the seven war criminals who continue to remain in Hong Kong? Did they finally return to Taiwan?
went their separate ways
Cai Shengsan and Wang Yunpei stayed in Hong Kong. Wang Yunpei was unable to go to Taiwan and stayed in Hong Kong when his application to go to the United States was rejected.
Wang Yunpei was the former security commander of Jiangsu Province of the Kuomintang. He passed away after living in Hong Kong for four years. His ashes were transported back to his hometown in Zhejiang by friends for burial. It was considered a fallen leaf returning to its roots.
Cai Province's third official to captain of the Gandong Police Corps, with the rank of major general. His visa was extended eight times while staying in Hong Kong. After there was no hope of returning to Taiwan, he also stayed in Hong Kong.
Cai Shengsan
After Cai Shengsan's education and transformation, his thinking has made great progress. The Communist Party's preferential treatment of war criminals also made him further realize that the motherland needs to be reunified.
After Cai Shengsan became a permanent resident of Hong Kong, he was very concerned about his wife Cao Yunxia who was still in the Mainland. He requested that his wife be reunited in Hong Kong.
Premier Zhou personally approved Cao Yunxia's permission to go to Hong Kong. The couple was very excited to be reunited in Hong Kong.
With this gratitude, Cai Shengsan opened a column in a Hong Kong newspaper to vigorously promote our party's principles and policies, which effectively promoted people-to-people exchanges between the mainland and Taiwan.
There are four other war criminals who went to the United States, including the notorious Zhou Yanghao .
Zhou Yanghao
Zhou Yanghao has the highest official position among the 10 war criminals who applied to return to Taiwan. He has taken the positions of director of the Southwest District of the Secrecy Bureau and director of the inspection office.
He is known as the Three Musketeers of the Military Command, the Smiling Tiger, and the Scholar Killer. He is a fellow countryman of Mao Renfeng and Dai Li, and his hands are stained with the blood of the people.
He not only killed 6 members of Song Qiyun and General Yang Hucheng, but also shot and killed 32 progressive people in Songlinpo.
has been unrepentant since he was captured in 1949, and is still causing trouble in prison.
Once was drunk and was returned to prison after being arraigned. Zhou Yanghao, who was in jail together, heard that he had involved himself when explaining the problem, so he grabbed a small bench and smashed it against Shenzui.
Shenzui
If Song Lianxi, who was locked up at the same time, had not come to the rescue, Shenzui would not have died and would have been disabled.
Zhou Yanghao studied at the Shanghai Law School during the Republic of China when he was young. He was very eloquent, and sometimes the interrogators were helpless in the face of his sophistry.
Zhou Yanghao insisted that he was not wrong because he acted under orders and could not be found guilty legally.
Because of his stubborn reactionary stance, although the government had released six batches of war criminals, he was not included in any of them.
Zhou Yanghao became increasingly unsociable in prison. He often recited ancient poems alone, which also brought him trouble.
Zhou Yanghao's recitation of "Su Wu Sheep" was considered by the inmates as a refusal to reform, and his recitation of "Jinling Nostalgia" was considered as a nostalgia for the past.
Zhou Yanghao often pretends to be ill and does not participate in labor. Violating prison discipline is common.
After staying in Hong Kong for 140 days, Zhou Yanghao found that there was no hope of returning to Taiwan. He started calling his children.
Zhou Yanghao is 65 years old this year. He has three sons and three daughters. In the end, only his youngest daughter living in the United States was willing to take him in.
After Zhou Yanghao arrived in the United States, he took his wife to the United States. In the United States, he paid no attention to political affairs and devoted himself to poetry and calligraphy.
Duan Kewen also went to the United States, but Duan Kewen has no relatives in the United States. He used to be a military commander with the rank of major general.
In order to survive in the United States, Duan Kewen made money by writing articles for American newspapers through some old connections.
He also wrote a book, "Autobiography of a War Criminal". In his articles and books, he tried his best to slander the CCP's policy on war criminals.
A Taiwanese reporter felt like he had found a treasure after seeing it, and roped in an American reporter to go to Zhou Yanghao to testify because Zhou Yanghao had always been anti-communist.
arrived at Zhou Yanghao's place, and Zhou Yanghao scolded Duan Kewen for not being a thing, and his articles were all nonsense.
Zhou Yanghao told two reporters that he was able to reunite with his wife and children entirely because of Chairman Mao and the Communist Party's good war criminal policy.
This is Zhou Yanghao’s rare objective statement. When he passed away in 1990, the Chinese Embassy sent a wreath to him, which was also an affirmation of his telling the truth. Duan Kewen also died the next year.
In addition, Chen Shizhang and Wang Bingcheng also went to the United States, both of whom were former commanders of the Kuomintang army.
Wang Bingcheng’s children went overseas for development relatively early and had a certain financial foundation. He lived a carefree life in his later years in the United States.
Chen Shizhang
Chen Shizhang's wife and children went to Taiwan at the end of the Liberation War. After Chen Shizhang was imprisoned, the Kuomintang not only failed to take good care of his family, but also canceled all his honors.
Chen Shizhang's daughter and son-in-law couldn't stand the miserable life in Taiwan, so they went to the United States to work and get by. After learning that Chen Shizhang had no hope of returning to Taiwan, the couple took Chen Shizhang to the United States.
Chen Shizhang's life in the United States is not good. Even though he is old, he still has to help people weed weeds in Indiana every day to earn money to support himself.
html Among the 110 war criminals who applied to return to Taiwan, Zhang Tieshi suffered the most miserable fate. He was gradually forced to commit suicide by the Kuomintang authorities.
Sharp contrast
When Zhang Tieshi and his party were stranded in Hong Kong, Taiwan was busy holding Chiang Kai-shek's memorial service and had no time to take care of them.
Zhang Tieshi learned from Hong Kong's "Sing Tao Daily" that Chiang Kai-shek did not welcome them back to Taiwan during his lifetime, and he was a little frustrated.
Soon after, Yan Jiagan publicly stated that these 10 people could only return to Taiwan through normal procedures. Zhang Tieshi felt that the hope of returning to Taiwan was getting slimmer.
10 war criminals firmly opposed returning to Taiwan through the refugee channel. The Kuomintang authorities said that it was okay not to go through the refugee channel, but they must publicly make anti-communist remarks in the Hong Kong media.
For these 10 war criminals, making anti-communist remarks was inconsistent with their situation in the mainland, and they refused again.
These 10 war criminals were old and often sick during their detention. The prison authorities always tried every means to treat their illnesses. During the
period, two reporters once came to Zhang Tieshi and told him that as long as he made it clear that he was anti-communist in the interview, he could return to Taiwan the next day.
This temptation was undoubtedly huge for Zhang Tieshi, but he refused. He believed that he should tell the truth.
Faced with the ruthlessness of the Kuomintang, Zhang Tieshi thought that he and his son had not seen each other for more than 20 years, and they might not be able to recognize him when they saw him on the street.
Zhang Tieshi felt very desperate especially when he thought that his 90-year-old mother was still in limbo.
At this moment, his son Zhang Runpei came to Hong Kong, which gave Zhang Tieshi hope of returning to Taiwan for reunion.
Zhang Runpei is the captain of a Taiwanese civil airport. When he learned that his father had almost returned to Taiwan, he used various connections to find a middleman to help his father return to Taiwan.
Zhang Runpei secretly came to Hong Kong with an intermediary. When the father and son met, they hugged each other and cried.
Zhang Runpei did bring good news to Zhang Tieshi. At that time, the father and son never expected that just when Zhang Tieshi was about to return to Taiwan, something unexpected happened and Zhang Tieshi was finally forced to go to a dead end.
Zhang Runpei made two plans for Zhang Tieshi to return to Taiwan. One was to follow the normal process, and the other was to smuggle in. The middleman could handle both plans.
Zhang Tieshi felt that it was better to follow the normal process. In the past, he had to evade capture by the Kuomintang every day. Living in such fear was not an option.
After the father and son discussed with the intermediary, the intermediary believed that the hotel where Zhang Tieshi was staying was arranged by the Communist Party. He was worried that someone was spying on him and suggested changing to a hotel.
Zhang Runpei thought this was no problem, so he took his father to the Fudu Hotel. After the arrangements were made, Zhang Runpei left Hong Kong.
Zhang Tieshi, his son, and the middleman did not know at that time that Xu Heng, the owner of the Fudu Hotel, was the head of the Secrecy Bureau in Hong Kong, and all subsequent incidents occurred here.
Not long after Zhang Runpei left, the middleman came to Zhang Tieshi and said that some changes had occurred during the period and he could only return to Taiwan by smuggling. Zhang Tieshi was alone in Hong Kong, lonely and helpless, so he had no choice but to agree to this plan. The middleman
told Zhang Tieshi that on May 23, he should go to Fisherman's Wharf at 9pm on time. This pier is on the coast of Western District, Hong Kong and was a place frequently used by local smugglers at that time.
The middleman told Zhang Tieshi that when the time comes, a ship will come to take him to Taiwan.
On May 24, when the middleman called to ask Zhang Runpei, Zhang Runpei said that he had not seen his father.
The middleman immediately asked the snakehead again. The snakehead said that the ship had left at the agreed time and Zhang Tieshi was not seen.
It turned out that Zhang Tieshi recorded the time as June 3. Zhang Tieshi, who was about to be reunited in Taiwan, missed this opportunity and felt very depressed.
So when Xu Heng saw Zhang Tieshi's dejected look and asked him to have a drink with him, Zhang Tieshi agreed when he saw that he had someone to talk to.
When the two of them were a little drunk, Xu Heng took out a letter of repentance. He told Zhang Tieshi that as long as he signed it, he would be sent back to Taiwan immediately.
Zhang Tieshi took a look at the letter of repentance and found that most of the contents were anti-communist. He was so angry that he tore up the letter of repentance and returned to the room angrily.
黄伟
When the waiter came to clean the room where Zhang Tieshi lived the next day, he found Zhang Tieshi in the shower room. He had hanged himself on the water pipe, leaving a suicide note next to him.
Zhang Tieshi's suicide is very regrettable. Huang Wei, who was released at the same time as him, chose to stay in the mainland. His later life was in sharp contrast to Zhang Tieshi.
From Huang Weiguan to the Army Commander, he was always loyal to Chiang Kai-shek and was regarded as a die-hard war criminal.
He remained silent while being educated, mocked and ridiculed the reformed people, and also wantonly slandered the leaders of our party but refused to write an inspection report. Therefore, he was imprisoned for 27 years.
Beijing War Criminals Management Center
Huang Wei's transformation came from a fight. He and another war criminal started fighting after a disagreement.
When the management staff of Gongdelin dealt with the dispute between the two people, they did not favor the other party because Huang Wei was a die-hard and the other party was an activist.
Regarding the fair treatment of Gongdelin managers, Huang Wei began to get to know the Communists again, but he did not intend to change himself.
Huang Wei did not continue to cause trouble in Gongdelin, but devoted himself to researching perpetual motion machine . He believed that once the research results were obtained, it would be able to make up for the crimes he had committed before.
What happened next made Huang Wei give up studying perpetual motion machines and start doing some meaningful things to change his ways.
Huang Wei, who spent his whole life on the battlefield, won awards from Chiang Kai-shek, but also suffered from a number of illnesses. When he was imprisoned, he had suffered from as many as 5 types of tuberculosis.
In 1953, when spring came, these tuberculosis diseases launched a general attack on Huang Wei's body, and Huang Wei's life hung on a thread.
Just when Huang Wei thought he would die soon, medical experts from Beijing came, and more importantly, Premier Zhou's condolences also came.
At that time, to cure Huang Wei's disease, drugs needed to be imported from abroad.
Zhou Enlai
Huang Wei knew very well that the government at that time was also short of money, but it persisted for four years in order to treat him, a war criminal.
In order to ensure his nutrition, he was never short of meat, eggs and milk. During the three difficult years, the staff even went to Inner Mongolia to hunt yellow sheep for them.
On the day of his release, Huang Wei delivered a speech on behalf of other war criminals. After that, he chose to stay in the mainland. The
organization also arranged for him to join the CPPCC based on his actual situation, and Huang Wei became a cultural and historical specialist here.
Later, our party recognized his outstanding contributions in the Anti-Japanese War, and Huang Wei became even more enthusiastic about the construction of his hometown.
joined the Standing Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference in 1985, and returned to his hometown Guixi the next year. After returning to his hometown, he often wrote letters to his subordinates, hoping to work together to achieve the reunification of the motherland.
In 1989, 85-year-old Huang Wei passed away, and grand memorial services were held for him on both sides of the Taiwan Strait.
Huang Wei's glorious second half of his life, compared with Zhang Tieshi's miserable life, once again proves that only by standing in the queue of the people can we truly go far.
