first presents to you a three-character mantra:
Mrs. Zhen, Renyingshen, Zhehuiqin.
Yin Yiheng, Zhen Shuxu, Xu Jihuan.
is matched with a set of numbers:
16, 21 and 25, 41, 04 and 18, 15, 25 and single 2.
The founding emperor of the Song Dynasty, Zhao Kuangyin
The nine characters in the first sentence of the three-character formula are the nine emperors The temple names of the emperors are Song Taizu , Song Taizong, Song Zhenzong , Song Renzong , Song Yingzong , Song Shenzong , Song Zhezong, Song Huizong , Song Qinzong . The nine characters in the second sentence of
are their names, which are Zhao Kuangyin, Zhao Guangyi , Zhao Heng , Zhao Zhen, Zhao Shu , Zhao Xu, Zhao Xu , Zhao Ji , Zhao Huan . The nine numbers below
are the years of their reign. For example, "16" is the reign time of Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin, and "41" is the reign time of Song Renzong Zhao Zhen. We know that the founding time of in the Northern Song Dynasty was 960. Through these nine numbers, it is easy to calculate the years when they came to the throne and passed away:
"16" refers to the 16 years from 960 to 976, which is Zhao Kuangyin's reign;
"21" refers to the period from 97 6 to 997, a total of 21 years, is the reign of Song Taizong Zhao Guangyi;
"25" refers to the 25 years from 997 to 1022, which is the reign of Song Zhenzong Zhao Heng;
"41" refers to the 41 years from 1022 to 1063, which is the reign of Song Renzong Zhao Zhen ;
"04" refers to the 4 years from 1063 to 1067, which was the reign of Song Yingzong Zhao Shu;
"18" refers to the 18 years from 1067 to 1085, which is the reign of Song Shenzong Zhao Xu;
"15" refers to the period from 1085 From 1100 to 1100, a total of 15 years was the reign of Song Zhezong Zhao Xu;
"25" refers to the 25 years from 1100 to 1125, which was the reign of Song Huizong Zhao Ji;
"02" means from 1125 to 1127, only two years, which was the reign of Song Qinzong Zhao Huan.
As long as we remember the beginning and end of their reign, we can have a general understanding of this historical period, what events happened, and which historical figures are worth remembering. Thus, we can have a preliminary judgment on the social turmoil of this historical period. This is the basic purpose of learning history.
Song Shenzong Zhao Xu
For example, when we mention Song Shenzong, we will know that he succeeded to the throne in 1067 AD, served as emperor for eighteen years, and died in 1085. This period was just over a hundred years after the establishment of the Song Dynasty. But at the same time, the huge bureaucracy became more and more complex, the "three redundancies" problem became prominent, and the social progress of the Song Dynasty seemed to have reached its end. It was also at this time that a political event worth writing about in Chinese history occurred - "Wang Anshi's Reform".
Taking this opportunity, we can also briefly understand the relationship between the emperor's reign name, temple name and posthumous title.
The year name is the font size used by ancient emperors to commemorate their years after they ascended the throne. According to research, the invention of the use of era names by ancient emperors began in the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. The first era name was the first year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty (140 BC - 135 BC).
After that, the use of era names formed a system and became increasingly mature. It was still used until the Republic of China, and also affected Eastern cultural regions such as East Asia and South Asia. The era name does not have much special meaning. It only expresses the new emperor's good expectations for his future rule. Therefore, the words used in the era name are generally gorgeous, smooth, and beautiful, which heralds "auspiciousness coming from heaven" and "the peace and prosperity of the country and the people"! At first, an emperor usually used a reign name. However, as the situation changed, it often caused a lot of social unrest. Out of a good attitude, some people would suggest to the emperor to use a new reign name, in order to achieve psychological benefits and avoid disadvantages. For example, after Wu Zetian reigned for fifteen years, she changed as many as 17 era names. Tang Gaozong Li Zhi also used more than ten era names.
Emperor Wu of Han
According to the established rules, when the new emperor ascends the throne, he will still use the old emperor's reign name. Only in the next year can he use his own new year title. For example, Emperor Wanli Zhu Yijun ascended the throne in June of the sixth year of Longqing (1572 AD), and the year was changed to the first year of Wanli 6 in the second year (1573 AD). In this year, the palace held a grand ceremony, and a winery sent wine to the emperor to celebrate, which was called "1573".
The temple name is the name given by the ancient Chinese emperor when he was enshrined in the temple after his death. Literally understood, it is the font size on the tablet when it is enshrined in the Imperial Ancestral Temple. The
temple name originated from in the Shang Dynasty and . After evolution, it gradually became mature and standardized after the Sui and Tang dynasties. Generally, only one character is selected for the temple name, such as "Ren", "Shen", "Ying", "Xuan", "Mu", "Gao", "Kang", "Xi", "Si", etc., which can accurately summarize or express the basic characteristics and conditions of the emperor's rule during his lifetime. He is awarded the title by his descendants after his death, and generally expresses the connotation of affirmative praise.
Temple names also have basic formulas and specifications. Generally speaking, the founder of a dynasty is called "ancestor", such as Tang Gaozu , Song Taizu, Ming Taizu , etc. The other successors can only be called "zong".
The posthumous title of Emperor Qianlong
refers to the words and font sizes used to praise or disparage the emperor after his death and subsequent generations comprehensively evaluate his life and deeds.
Literally, the posthumous title can be either praise or criticism, and it is a relatively objective evaluation of a person's life. However, in the actual implementation process, as long as there is a normal succession, the previous emperor is generally fully affirmed, and the posthumous title uses highly decorative and flattering words. Moreover, with the expansion of the past dynasties, the number of words used becomes more and more. For example, Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty Li Shimin was first posthumously named Emperor Wen, with only one character "文". Later, he was given the posthumous title of Emperor Civil and Military Saints, then the posthumous title of Emperor Civil and Military Saints, and then the posthumous title of Emperor Civil and Military Saints Da Guangxiao.
Posthumous titles are often used with too many flattering words, and it is inconvenient for history books to address this emperor. Except for records, it is customary to refer to him by his temple name. In actual use in ancient times, the emperor's title was often associated with the year name, posthumous title and temple name. For convenience and simplicity, he gradually became accustomed to a specific title. For example, Emperor Gaozu of the Tang Dynasty was the temple name, Emperor Yang of Sui was the posthumous title, and Qianlong was the reign name. Generally, the earliest emperors used more posthumous names, and later temple names became more common. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the reign names were unique, so the reign names were used more often.
Posthumous names are not exclusive to the emperor. Other ministers and important historical figures have posthumous names. For example, the posthumous name of the four famous ministers of the late Qing Dynasty, Zeng Guofan, is "文正", Li Hongzhang is " Wenzhong ", while Zuo Zongtang and Zhang Zhidong are both " Wen Xiang ". As far as literati are concerned, Wen is the highest level, followed by Wen Zhong and Wen Xiang.
#See each other in the headlines#
