Italy's ability to "tie teammates" and "change with the wind", it says second, but no one dares to say first.
In the first battle, reversed the water, World War II reversed the water again. It was supposed to be a defeated country, but it turned around and became a victorious country, and its destiny was changed by taking sides in time.
If you want to talk about which country was the most courageous in the last century, Germany said first, but no one dared to say second.
After being cheated by Italy in the first battle, it paid 132 billion marks of compensation. The days after that began to tighten the belt and pay back the money, and it was not until the world economic crisis in 1929 was suspended.
World War II actually chose to cooperate with Italy, but was cheated by Italy again. Until now, Polish is still asking Germany for compensation.
Next, let’s talk about why Italy always likes to cheat Germany.
Before the beginning of World War I, Germany, Austria-Hungarian Empire and Italy signed the " Germany, Austria-Italy Alliance Treaty ".
1914, when the Austro-Hungarian Crown Prince Ferdinand and his wife inspected Sarajevo , they were assassinated by the Serbian passionate young man Principe. Then the Austro-Hungarian Empire declared war on Serbia.
Not long after, Germany, Russia, France and Britain declared war on their opponents due to military alliances, and they quickly became involved in the war.
Do you know what Italy is doing at this time?
is holding the words "German, Austria and Italy's Three Kingdoms Treaty". Italy believes that the obligations undertaken in its Three Kingdoms Alliance are only defensive and will fight with allies only when the allies are the invaded party. The war is the Austro-Hungarian Empire declared war on Serbia, so it has no obligation to intervene in the Balkans affairs and choose to remain neutral.
In August of the same year, Germany took the lead in declaring war on Russia, and Italy took out a treaty to sting words. It was Germany and Austria who provoked France and Russia, so Italy has the right to choose neutrality.
At that time, Germany and Austro-Hungary Empire were so angry that they thought about how to spread such an ally of less than 4 or 6. In the words of Churchill , it is: Whoever provoked whom and invaded whom depends entirely on Italy's upper lip to touch the lower lip.
Since the outbreak of World War I on July 28, 1914, and to May 3, 1915, Italy announced its withdrawal from the Three Kingdoms Alliance. In the past nine months, Italy has taught all countries in the world a political class.
Because since Italy announced its neutrality, the allies wanted it to join, and the Allied Power also wanted to win over it, and Italy became a hot commodity for a while.
The next negotiations between Italy and both sides are amazing. Since both of you are sincere, it depends on who gives you many benefits.
Italy demanded the Allies to give themselves a large swath of land in the Austro-Hungarian Empire and some areas along the Balkans and Mediterranean . Of course, the Allies, especially the Austro-Hungarian Empire, did not agree.
German told Italy that it is not easy to get benefits. You can choose whatever you want after the war is over. Will the French locals be able to do it? Is French North Africa suitable? Corsica and Malta in the UK are OK? You can choose any place!
In contrast, the Allies are generous. Britain and France are best at "drawing big cakes", clearly informing Italy that in addition to Austro-Hungarian land, after the victory of the war, Italy can also obtain Croatia , Slovenia , Albanian ; after Britain and France divide Germany into Africa, Britain and France's colonies in East and North Africa can be transferred to Italy. In addition, Italy can also get a share of the Ottoman ; Britain and France even guarantee that after the war, Adriatic will become the inner lake of Italy.
This pie is definitely big enough. Italy successfully joined the Allies and immediately declared war on its former ally Germany and Austria.
Because Germany, Austria and Italy signed an alliance treaty before, when the Austro-Hungarian Empire launched a war, it believed that Italy must be on the same front as it, and Germany also believed so.
If Italy restrained France on the Western Front, Germany would not be so difficult to fight on the two fronts. However, Italy remained neutral and would not have helped. In the end, it turned against the Allies and joined the Allies, resulting in Germany no help on the Western Front, which was already difficult to win strategically.
1918, World War I ended with the failure of the German side.
Next is the Paris Peace Conference. As the saying goes, the greater the expectations, the greater the disappointment. After Italy learned that Britain and France "draw a big pie" for themselves, they angrily scolded the other party for not being virtuous and angrily withdrew from the Peace Conference.
In the words of US President Woodrow Wilson : Italy is not qualified to sit in the seat of a victorious country. In the values of this country, the value of axioms and morality is 0; Italy has been calculating for these 9 months, calculating who gives more money and who promises more land.
1919 Paris Peace Conference , other countries have benefits, the air is full of happiness, happiness belongs to them, and the benefits belong to them, and Italy has nothing.
Although Italy is very angry, there is no harm without comparison. Seeing that his former ally Germany was busy losing money, I felt a little balanced.
1921 The Allied Compensation Committee listed a bill, and Germany had to compensate the Allied £11.3 billion, and it had to be paid in gold. Not to mention gold, even paper money is still an astronomical number. It is unimaginable to convert it to every German people.
It is said that when counting this astronomical figure, the leaders of the Allied countries doubted whether Germany could afford the huge war reparations.
famous British economist Keynes said: "Germany lost all colonies and overseas ties and maritime merchant ships, while losing 10% of its territory and population, as well as 45% of coal mines and 65% of iron mines; 2 million young men became victims of the war, his people suffered four years of hunger and bear huge debts. Its currency depreciated by one-seventh of its currency, and they also faced domestic revolution and Boles Victarianism.
lost money to this point, Germany did not Memorize that during World War II, it cooperated with Italy. By 1943, Italy turned against it again.
It is necessary to talk about Italy's government system . It was a constitutional system of the kingdom. Although King Emanuel III was not very responsible, he had the greatest power. He had the right to appoint Mussolini as prime minister and also had the right to dismiss.
Mussolini did a good job before, but he had been defeating the battle since he cooperated with Hitler.
1943 The US-British Allied Forces occupied Sicily . King Emanuel panicked because the Allies fought at their doorstep and did not react. He could not be the king for a few days. So he discussed with the Grand Marshal Duke Valido: The Allied Forces are fighting fascists and should not involve royal families. We don’t have to worry about the miscellaneous with Mussolini.
Then the two discussed selling Mussolini and then joining the anti-fascist camp.
On July 25, 1943, Emanuel summoned Mussolini in the name of discussing national affairs. Mussolini was also prepared. The information reported the situation to the king, but he never thought that he was arrested and imprisoned directly. The king then asked the Duke of Ba to replace Mussolini.
Next, the Italian king continued to cooperate with Germany while negotiating with the Allies.
The advantage of Italy is that he overestimated himself. When negotiating with the Allies, he not only asked them to stop the attack, but also had to admit the legality of invading Ethiopian . But in the eyes of the Allies, it was only a matter of being occupied by the overwhelming army. There was no need to compromise because of a Mussolini, and the two sides finally broke down.
September 3, the Allies logged directly in southern Italy. At this time, although Hitler knew that his fascist mentor Mussolini was arrested, he did not know where he was locked up. The most important thing at the moment was to block the Allies, so he sent troops to block the Allies from Cassino in northern Italy, and then found a way to rescue Mussolini, because once Mussolini was handed over to the British and American coalition forces for trial, it would definitely be a fatal blow to fascist morale. You should know that Mussolini is the leader of the fascist.
Northern Italy was occupied by Hitler and the southern part was controlled by the Allies. At this time, the king was still thinking about negotiations, and the allies issued an ultimatum to Italy: immediately surrender unconditionally, either accept or end the negotiations.
The king no longer bargained. On October 13, 1943, Italy announced its withdrawal from the Axis Group, joined the anti-fascist camp, and declared war on Germany.
Italy once again turned against each other, forcing Germany to face the dilemma of fighting on the third line, and the war situation worsened.
Because the prodigal son turned around and made meritorious achievements, after the end of World War II, the Allies only asked Italy to hand over overseas colonies and cut a small number of border cities to France and Yugoslavia , with a compensation of US$360 million.
Germany was in trouble, ceding one-quarter of its territory, divided into two, paying $23 billion in compensation, and also cumulative compensation from World War I, with a total of $48 billion in debt owed.
In comparison, the loss in Italy is completely negligible.
In the two world wars , in order to avoid becoming a defeated country and to maximize its own interests, Italy turned against each other twice, and Germany was also cheated by it twice. It can be said that it has not wavered for 30 years of "professional cheating of morality".
