Advanced military force
Emperor Yang of Sui Reputed to be rich in the country and strong in the army, "happy with the Qin Emperor and the Han Dynasty's affairs." After ascending the throne, he continued to carry out various military and diplomatic activities against the surrounding ethnic groups, further expanding the national power of the Sui Dynasty.
The first year of Daye (605), Khitan invaded Yingzhou (now Chaoyang, Liaoning). Emperor Yang ordered the communist essay Wei Yunqi and sent Turkic troops to attack Khitan. Wei Yunqi led 20,000 Turkic cavalrymen, and falsely claimed to go to Liucheng (Zhou Yingzhou) to trade with Goryeo. He took the opportunity to attack and captured 40,000 Khitan men and women and many livestock. Wei Yunqi was promoted to the position of the censor of the Book of Documents for his merits. This strengthened the Northeast border defense.
In the third year of Daye (607), Emperor Yang visited the north and arrived at Yulin (now in Shaanxi), and the Khan of the Turkic Qimin came to the court. In order to demonstrate to the Turks, Emperor Yang dispatched a large number of troops, "more than 500,000 soldiers, 100,000 horses, and flags and baggage, thousands of miles away." The Minister of Works, Yuwen Kai, was also ordered to create a large tent and a Fengxing Hall, which can accommodate hundreds of guards, which can be divided and combined, and can be equipped with wheel axles, making it easy to move. There are thousands of people in the big tent. Emperor Yang prepared rituals and guards, built flags, and feasted 3,500 people in the big tent, and performed "hundred plays" to enjoy. Such grand military appearance and ingenious production made the Turks "shocked and thought it was a god. Every time they looked at the imperial camp, ten miles away, they bent their knees and cried, and they did not dare to ride a horse." Even the Khan of Qimin personally held a sword to remove the dirty weeds in the tent of Emperor Yang. Emperor Yang wrote a poem with pride and said, "Huhan Dun's slaughter came one after another; how could he be like the Emperor of Han, I am now on the Shanyutai!" But the good times did not last long. Eight years later, Emperor Yang visited the Great Wall of again, and was besieged by Shibi Khan in Yanmen (now Dai County, Shanxi), and almost lost his life.
Western Turks, Emperor Wen of Sui has come home. When Emperor Yang was traveling to the right of Heyou in the west, he sent an envoy to summon Chuluo Khan to meet, but Chuluo did not arrive. So he used the Pei Ju 's proposal to alienate the Western Turks, and made the subordinates of Chuluo attack Chuluo, Chuluo was defeated and went east to Gaochang.
In the seventh year of Daye (611), Emperor Yang of Luo Chao was in Linshuo Palace in Zhuo County. Emperor Yang was overjoyed and said, "received a special ceremony." The surrender of the Western Turks is conducive to the development of trade with the countries of the Western Regions. Tuyuhun on the western border is the main road leading to the countries in the Western Regions.
In the fourth year of Daye (608), Emperor Yang adopted Pei Ju's suggestion and used the Turkic Tiel tribe to defeat Tuyuhun. He also sent Guan Wang Yang Xiong , Xu Gong Yuwen Shu and others to take the opportunity to attack, defeated Tuyuhun, and Fu Yun Khan led his troops to retreat and defeated Yuan Chuan (now northeast of Qinghai Lake). In the fifth year of 609, Emperor Yang visited the west of Heyou, and ordered the Neishi Yuanshou and others to lead troops to siege. Fuyun escaped, and many of his troops surrendered, so all the lands were found in the Sui Dynasty. So Gaochang King Tuoya, Yiwututunshi and the twenty-seven countries in the Western Regions led the tribute. Burning incense and playing music, singing and dancing are noisy. Emperor Yang ordered the scholars and ladies to look at the full-scale, "ride and hoarse, and the situation lasts for dozens of miles to show the prosperity of China." Tutun set up a land of thousands of miles in the Western Regions. Because of the establishment of Xihai, Heyuan, Shanshan, Qiemo and other counties, Liu Quan ordered the guards of Jishi Town, Heyuan County (now Xinghai area), and opened large-scale military farms to guard Tuyuhun to open up the road to the Western Regions.
In the south, in the first year of Daye, the general manager of the marching of Guanzhou Road, Liu Fang, led his army to attack Linyi (now Vietnam), and won the battles, and advanced to the capital. Linyi Wang Fanzhi abandoned the city and rushed to the sea. Liu Fang was in charge of the army, and the Brahmin sent envoys to communicate well. From then on, Linyi and Chinese tribute envoys continued to exchange contacts. But in this war, the soldiers suffered great losses. In the third year of Daye, Emperor Yang sent Chang Jun, the head of the military farm, Wang Junzheng, the head of the Yu tribe, and others to send the terrain (in the south of Malaysia, , ). Departing by boat from Nanhai County, after walking for more than twenty days, when it was about to arrive, the Terracotta Kingdom sent thirty boats to greet the messengers and welcomed the envoys with extremely solemn etiquette. When Chang Jun and others returned to China, Chitu sent envoys to bring thick letters and came to China to report to the job. Later, countries such as Poli (Northern Borneo), Zhenla ( Cambodia ) also sent envoys to pay tribute, thus promoting economic and cultural exchanges between China and South China countries.
In the East, the most important thing is to use stream to find , which is today's Taiwan. In the third year of Daye, Emperor Yang sent Zhu Kuan, the Yuqiwei, to the sea to seek foreign customs and arrive at Liuqiu. The next year, Zhu Kuan was sent to recruit and pleading, but Liu asked not to obey, "Kuan took his cloth armor and returned." Later, Emperor Yang sent Chen Feng, the general of Hu Ben, and the minister Zhang Zhenzhou, to lead a fleet and more than 10,000 troops from Yi'an (now Chaozhou, Guangdong) to Liuqiu. When locals saw ships, they said, "think that business travelers often go to the army to trade." It can be seen that Taiwan has already had trade with the mainland of the motherland. Since then, the number of mainland people immigrated to Taiwan has increased, and cross-strait ties have been further strengthened.
These military and diplomatic activities of Emperor Yang of Sui have opened up the territory, ensured the security of the border, promoted the exchange of culture between China and foreign countries, and have certain positive significance. However, the three wars against Goryeo were defeated, which intensified the domestic class contradictions.
Goryeo is located in the northern part of the Korean Peninsula. After the demise of the Western Jin Dynasty, it took the opportunity to enter Liaodong . During the reign of Emperor Wen of Sui, King Gao Yuan of Goryeo joined forces to invade western Liaoning, and was counterattacked by the Sui army and sent envoys to apologize.
In order to restore the former land of Liaodong, Emperor Yang of Sui claimed that he "loved the Huayuan and cut it into a barbarian category" and accused Goryeo of "also as the Khitan party, pious about Liu Haijun, practicing the clothes of the Martin, and invading western Liaoning." Therefore, the excuse that King Goryeo refused to enter the court and ordered an Eastern Expedition. 300 warships were constructed in Haikou, Donglai (now Ye County, Shandong) for the purpose of the use of the navy. In Henan, Huainan, , Jiangnan, and other places, tens of thousands of soldiers are manufactured for military transportation. In the eighth year of Daye (612), a large army gathered in Zhuojun , with a total of 1.13 million people. He set out in 24 armies, and Emperor Yang led the six armies behind the palace. The head and tail are one after another, the drums and horns are heard, and the flags are stretched, more than a thousand miles away, heading straight to Liaodong. The navy was led by Lai Huer, and set out from Donglai toward , Pyongyang . The Goryeo Army occupied the city to defend and resisted tenaciously. Although the navy won a small victory after landing, it was defeated and retreated under the city of Pyongyang. Yuwen Shu and others led more than 300,000 troops to attack Pyongyang. Facing the strong city, they also returned the food to the end. The Goryeo Army raided and attacked from all sides, and the Sui Army was defeated by Sashui ( Qingchuanjiang ). The soldiers died and fled, and only 2,700 people returned to Liaodong. "There are huge numbers of capital and storage equipment, and the loss is gone."
Emperor Yang of Sui was not willing to fail. In the ninth year of Daye, he launched a second attack on Goryeo. Just as the army arrived in Liaodong to fight and the navy was about to go out to sea, the Minister of Rites, Yang Xuangan, suddenly launched an army Liyang (now southeast of Junxian, Henan) and besieged Dongdu . When Emperor Yang heard the news, he immediately withdrew his troops to rescue Luoyang , quelling the internal difficulties. The Goryeo Army followed and pursued the military supplies and equipment, and suffered heavy losses. In the ten years of the great cause, Emperor Yang of Sui still attacked Goryeo for the third time with the ambition of "moving mountains and moving mountains". When he came to Beishacheng (now Dongda Heishan, Jin County, Liaoning), he defeated the Goryeo army and was about to attack Pyongyang, but Goryeo was also in poverty and sent envoys to surrender and imprisoned the rebel general husizheng . Seeing that the domestic situation was not good, Emperor Yang took this opportunity to suppress the peasant uprising army in the country.
The demise of the Sui Dynasty
Since Emperor Yang of Sui ascended the throne, in order to satisfy his endless desires, he has built a large-scale construction, recruited and recruited various things, and traveled everywhere, squandered and wasted, resulting in "the world died in service and the family was injured in wealth." The war against Goryeo has been launched for years, further aggravated the people's suffering. Shandong and Hebei are bases for sending troops to Goryeo, with the most serious military service and hard work. In the seventh year of Daye, Wang Bo, a native of Zouping County, first revolted in Changbai Mountain (now south of Zouping, Shandong), and wrote "Song of the Death to Liaodong", opposing the use of military force in Goryeo. So the rebels rose up, and Liu Badao started in Pingyuan Douzi (now Shanghe, Shandong, Huimin District), Sun Anzu, , Dou Jiande, , and , and Zhang Jincheng, a native of Chengxian County, (now Xiajin, Shandong), and Gao Shida, a native of Chengxian County, and , also revolted within the territory. Emperor Yang of Sui used severe torture and cruel laws to suppress the people's rebellious anger. The thief was ordered to kill the thief as he was caught, and even confiscated the whole family.When Fan Zigai suppressed the rebels between Fen and Jin, he burned and killed them; when Wang Shichong and Jin were suppressed, he killed 30,000 people at a time when Wang Shichong and Liu Yuanjin were suppressed. But the massacre can only arouse greater anger among the people, and the uprising teams are becoming more and more powerful. In the twelve years of the Great Avatar, Emperor Yang of Sui visited Jiangdu for the third southern tour of the capital despite the advice of the court ministers. He wrote a poem and left the palace man and said, "I dream of Jiangdu, and it was also a coincidence to conquer Liao." Faced with the collapse of the country, he said so easily! During his more than a year in Jiangdu, his life became even more lewd. Knowing that the end of the world is coming, he said to Empress Xiao: "There are many people outside who want to be with me, but I am the Great Wall Lord ( Chen Houzhu ), and I am the Empress Shen (My wife of Empress Chen), and I am happy to drink together!" He also said to Empress Xiao in the mirror, "Who should chop it up!" Empress Xiao asked the reason in surprise, and he smiled and said, "There are no more and more troubles to do it again and again!" These words show that he was in a mess under the pressure of the peasant uprising.
In the 13th year of Daye (617), the peasant uprising made great progress. Qi County Du Fuwei led the people across the Huai River and captured Liyang County City (now He County, Anhui); Bohai Dou Jiande owned Hebei, and was called Changle King in Leshou (now Xian County, Hebei); Li Mi called Wei Gong in Luokou City (now southeast of Gong County, Henan), threatening Luoyang. When Emperor Yang of Sui saw the chaos in the Central Plains, he did not dare to return north and planned to build Danyang Palace to protect Jiangdong. But the Xiaoguo Guards who follow him are mostly html people in the . They miss their hometown and often run away.
In March of the 14th year of Daye (618), Hu Ben Lang General Sima Dekan , Yuan Li and the Jianmen Zhiguan Pei Qiantong, etc., took advantage of Xiaoguo's dissatisfaction and pushed Yu Weng and the general of the Right Guard to launch a mutiny and strangled Emperor Yang to death with his belt. At that time, he was fifty. The thirty-eight years of the Sui Dynasty rule ended here.
