Yongzheng is a model worker among the emperor, which is generally recognized. It is said that during the reign of Yongzheng, he wrote more than 5 million words. Beijing Forbidden City has 35,000 Chinese memorials and 6,600 Manchu memorials, with a total of more than 41,000. He reigned for less than 13 years, and the actual number was 4,247 days, and he reviewed nearly 10 memorials every day on average. The longest comment on the memorial is more than 1,000 words, which is longer than the memorial itself. There are also many such archives in the Forbidden City in Taipei. Including the lost anecdote, the workload may double. Therefore, Yongzheng was not 996, but 007, and it was very likely that he died of overwork.
I found some comments approved by the emperor of the Qing Dynasty, and many of them were very ridiculous. For example, in Hangzhou weaving to save trouble, another note of a famous local monk passing away was contained in the seal bag of the letter of greeting. The emperor said, "Are you paying me or cursing me?"
is also a weaving. After the people in a certain place gathered to rebel for several months and had been ordered by the emperor to lead troops to suppress the troops for a month, another note was posted about hearing about the rebellion of someone in a certain place. The emperor could only give instructed that he knew it and knew it long ago.
There are also the remarks of Zhili Governor reporting to the emperor for many years and months. The emperor initially gave a very comfort in his instructions, but later he found out the instructions. He was helpless and said that it was raining in Zhili and I could see that it was raining. There was no need to report it this month and report it next month. It was too secret. Even the criticism was slippery, and the clerk of the clerk that the clerk had finally made a serious matter, delaying the matter.
Here comes the issue of the ancient Chinese emperors governing the world. We know that the earliest country was formed by the gathering of families, ethnic groups and tribes, and introduced a common rule of the world. Its underlying logic contains the meaning of co-governing each tribe and forces.
Before the Qin Dynasty unification, China was mainly feudal, which was the feudal system that was still implemented in Europe in the Middle Ages thousand years later. The princes and noble vassals had the final say within one acre of three parts of the land, and assumed the obligations of paying tribute and sending troops to his lords and kings. Even the King of Zhou, unless he fought or had major ritual activities, he would only operate within the territory of the royal family and exercise direct management rights.
When the Qin Dynasty arrived, The First Emperor became a feudal county, and his power was taken over to the central government. Under the sky, is the king's land ; in the shore of the earth, yes, yes, yes, yes, yes, yes, yes, yes, yes, yes, yes, yes, yes, yes, yes, yes, yes, yes, yes, yes, yes, yes, yes, yes, yes, ye The emperor managed more, wider and more detailed, and the demand for information increased exponentially. The book and text, the car and the track, the Qin straight road, the canal canal, and the post station fast horses serve and support the needs of information transmission.
has the hardware, and the software process must be clarified. The process focuses on the node. The nodes of the military and political process are of course the yamen and bureaucrats at all levels within the system. But before , the Ming Dynasty, , there were two coexisting and relatively opposite core nodes or centers, namely the emperor and the prime minister.
It is believed that since the Shang and Zhou , there have been prime ministers in various dynasties and countries, which may be called Dazai , Shangqing, Sangong, Prime Minister, Pingzhangshi , Join the government affairs . But the prime minister during the Shang and Zhou dynasties was not a typical prime minister. A typical prime minister started and gradually strengthened from the Qin Dynasty. The so-called typical prime minister is to act with the monarch and each bears his own responsibilities. The king is of course the owner of the highest power and the final decision-maker or ruling of state affairs. A typical prime minister directly gives orders to the state's government affairs, and generally does not ask the emperor for instructions, and many do not even need to report afterwards. The emperor generally does not interfere with the Prime Minister's rule, and will not easily deny the Prime Minister's orders, otherwise it would be inappropriate. The ancient integration of etiquette and law was actually illegal.
If the emperor has any ideas, he or she will generally discuss with the Prime Minister. After the Prime Minister’s approval, the Prime Minister will release and implement it. If this road cannot be done or does not want to go, then through special procedures, we should directly mention the decision-making to the level determined by the emperor, and bypass the prime minister, the cabinet, and the three provinces and six ministries to exercise their power in the form of imperial edicts. If it doesn't work, then you can only replace people.
Therefore, the Prime Minister has great power. In fact, the six ministries in later generations were the stewards of the Prime Minister's Office in charge of money, grain, military, construction, punishment, personnel, labor and capital. In the early days, they were all private officials.Daily government affairs and discussions are in the Prime Minister's Office. The emperor's court meeting is often more formal than substance. Therefore, before the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the government affairs supervisors of the six ministries had a great power and were not very high in terms of power because he originated from the Prime Minister's Office. The prime minister is only a third rank, so his official rank must not be too high. If the third division, which is on par with the Prime Minister or even higher, does not participate in government affairs, it is only an honor.
Moreover, the prime minister is the head of all officials and the chief literati. He has the moral power to uphold the court and cultivate the customs. He can even interfere in the emperor's family affairs. In history, many emperors, harems and crown princes were deposed and established by the prime minister. Of course, many prime ministers who did this matter left behind the title of powerful prime minister or even treacherous prime minister. But it cannot be denied that the prime minister's legitimacy in interfering with the imperial court in terms of etiquette and law. In ancient times, the emperors were willful and violated the system of etiquette, law and clan. If the empress dowager did not speak or even the empress dowager would violate the system, except for a few censors and ministers who were not afraid of death, even if all officials were aggressive, they would be more slanderous. If they said this or took the lead, they would have to be the prime minister. Because others may be making a false argument, being a presumptuous, or being a traitor, but the Prime Minister is not, because he assumes the responsibilities of the builder, implementer and defender of the rituals and laws of this dynasty.
