[ quick explanation ]
Chu Cai Jin Yong During the Spring and Autumn Period, he fled to Zheng State Wu Ju , and met the phonon of the doctor who was sent to Jin State . Juzi decided to help Wu Ju return to Chu State. Taking advantage of his return, Shinzi met with the Chu State's imperial magistrate Zimu. He said, "Some talents from Chu State have flowed to Jin State. For example, when the Ziyi Rebellion occurred in the first year of King Zhuang of Chu, Shi Duke escaped to Jin State. Jin State placed him behind the chariot of Jin Hou and asked him to be the main counselor. In the battle around the corner, the Jin army failed and was ready to escape. Shi Duke suggested: 'The Chu army is frivolous and easy to be shaken. If Qi beats the drums of war and the entire army attacks at night, the Chu army will definitely escape.' The people of Jin adopted his opinion and indeed won a great victory. For example... and... etc. Although they are all talents of Chu State, Jin State is actually using them and using their talents." After talking about these past examples, Shinzi talked about the fact that Wu Ju was forced to flee to Zheng State. The Yin Zimu was frightened and quickly reported to the King of Chu, adding Wu Ju's official position and taking him back to the country. The reason why the words of the doctor Tsuko in the story of Cai State's doctor Tsuko were scared and reported to the King of Chu to help Wu Ju return to Chu was because Tsuko reasonably used the method of giving examples and making Chu realize the terrible consequences brought by Chu Cai Jin.
The so-called example argument is an argumentation method that makes the argument more specific and convincing by listing specific examples.
Use the example argument method to master the following six aspects:
1. Study its root and explore its essence.
The so-called investigation of its roots and essence is to explore the behavior or results in the case after listing examples, and follow the idea of "why" to gradually deepen the content to facilitate the explanation of the cause or results of the case and the argument. When the case is conclusive, the root cause is analyzed, that is, the cause is traced from the result; when the case is reasoned, the result is analyzed, that is, the result is found from the cause. For example:
Raphael's father was also a painter, but he did not leave any masterpieces passed down from generation to generation. Because in addition to painting, he also wrote poetry and carefully managed his vegetable garden. The result is that his poems are pretentious and his paintings are dull, only the various vegetables he sells are delicious and inexpensive. It’s not that he doesn’t have passion, nor does he have extraordinary talents, but his actions have no direction, and the result of a full-scale attack can only be the regret of a collapse on the whole line. Raphael could not write poetry, he only had one brush, and the light of his genius shone brightly in the painting world. ("Action must have a direction")
After narrating the example, the author used the sentence "No...No... Just..." to trace the cause from the result, and thoroughly revealed that the fundamental reason why Raphael's father neither became a painter nor a poet was that his actions had no direction. Such an analysis makes the argument closely follow the argument and fully demonstrates the strength of the argument.
2. Comparison of hypothesis and argue the argument.
The so-called hypothesis comparison and argumentation argument are to list the fact that factual argument , and the conditions for certain results that can be achieved in the hypothesis material do not exist, and what kind of results will appear, or compare them with the results under the original conditions, and use this comparison to prove the validity of the argument, thereby proving the correctness of the original argument. For example:
Turn around optimistically, abandon the incompleteness, and live out oneself. We can’t imagine the life of a football player with a bright future after losing his legs. "If you don't have legs, you will gallop." This is the cry in the heart of song Leheng ! Now, he has given up his dream football, turned around optimistically, practiced fencing, and used his sword to cut off the sad past, and fought for the future of the happy swordsman.
If Qu Leheng did not turn around when suffering bad luck, how could he engrave "happiness" in his heart? If Qu Leheng did not turn around resolutely, but was immersed in the pain of losing his legs for a long time, how could he rekindle his hope and live out himself? Just because of their turn, they lived a wonderful life and found a bright road. ("Activate Life") After citing Qu Leheng's example, the article used two sentences of "If...If...If...If...If...When..." to hypothesize and analyze the case from the opposite side, thus effectively proving the correctness of the argument "to change yourself in time" and the method is clever.
3. Judgment examples, revealing relationships
The so-called judgment examples and revealing relationships means that after listing examples, use concise language to judge the ideological quality, spiritual realm or the value and significance of the characters in the examples, so as to reveal the relationship between the argument and the argument, and to prove the point of view more effectively. For example:
Zhang Ailing was a well-known figure in Shanghai back then. "The Years" and "Hidden Years" and "Hidden Legends " are all classic works. She was like a fish in the field of Chinese writing, but she wanted to conquer the world with English writing. As a result, she failed, but she was always unwilling to give up. She persisted. In the end, we could only read a wave of desolation from her English diary. Her ultimate failure is ultimately because she will not be able to adapt. When a person gets into a dead end, if she doesn't turn the direction, she will never be able to make a new world in the dead end. ("Flexibility Changes Life") The first two sentences of the
article are necessary narratives. The analysis of Zhang Ailing's "no flexibility" reflects the author's cognitive level, especially the last sentence "When a person gets into a dead end, if he doesn't turn a direction, she will not be able to break out a new world in the dead end" is a final statement, which well proves the argument that "flexibility changes life".
4. Similar similarities and similarities reveal the meaning.
The so-called analogy between similarities and similarities and revealing the meaning is to use materials that are the same or opposite to the listed examples to compare or compare them in a certain aspect, thereby revealing the meaning of the materials and playing the role of the case as a demonstration. For example:
Jay Chou Hand dance Nunchakus singing "Hmph, ha, hey" is a personality; a woman standing in the 12th music shop is a personality; Van Gogh's " Sunflower " is another personality... In fact, personality is to show one's own style, show one's talents, and show one's own opinions... We should admit that showing one's personality is conducive to personal development and social progress. ("Stars shine, showing off personality")
The author selected the examples of Jay Chou, the Women's Twelve Music House, Van Gogh and other figures. Through analogy, he specifically and vividly explained the characteristics and significance of "personality" and thus proved the importance of "promoting personality".
5. Combining points and surfaces has some emphasis.
The so-called point-to-face combination and detailed and appropriate, that is, the examples should have a focus. This focused "point" is a typical representative of the examples used. It should be concise and reliable, and should be written relatively "detailed". At the same time, you must also take care of the "face". You can list a few examples related to "points" in a single stroke, spread the faces so that they contrast with the points. Because the "point" in an article is limited, if there is no "face", the "point" can only be an individual thing, which will weaken the persuasiveness. Therefore, we must adopt a highly generalized form and list examples of different countries or types of nature in different periods. For example:
wisely recognizes true talents! People with real talents are the best at identifying and recommending real talents! "I have never understood Tibetan goodness in my life, and I have talked about Xiang Si everywhere." It is about Xiang Si, an unfamous person in the Tang Dynasty, who took his collection of poems to the already famous poet Yang Jingzhi. As soon as he read it, he thought that Xiang Si was a really talented person, and praised Xiang Si's poems everywhere. Bao Shuya Recommended Guan Zhong , Xiao He chasing Han Xin , Xu Shu recommends Zhuge, Zongze National crisis, Yue Fei was promoted, Xiong Qinglai forcefully rejects objections and promotes Hua Luogeng , Wang Yanan sees the micro-knowledges and appreciates Chen Jingrun . All of these are real talents and real talents, and heroes recommend heroes.
This fragment is a classic example of combining points and surfaces and matching details. Yang Jing praised Xiang Si everywhere for writing in detail. Bao Shuya recommended Guan Zhong, Xiao He Yuexia chased Han Xin, Xu Shuzhao recommended Zhuge, etc., and they all mentioned it. They are all points, which are closely combined with the "Everything like this, all are real talents to recognize real talents, and heroes recommend heroes". This not only enhances the strength of reasoning, but also makes the expression language of the article swaying and colorful and more literary.
6. The writing template and writing ideas of the method of proof can be summarized as:
closely follow the argument - list examples - multiple techniques - argument argument
that is: According to the needs of the argument, list appropriate examples, and use various techniques such as to investigate its root cause and explore its essence, hypothesis comparison argument, judgment example reveals relationships, reveals the meaning of similarities and similarities, and appropriate points and surface combinations, so that the argument can be fully and necessary.
[College Entrance Examination Certification]
Low-position noble
Hunan candidate
There is a noble tact called low-position.
You may be a little puzzled. Growing up with the shouts of "I am very important" since I was a child, accustomed to shaking my thoughts, showing off my personality, and being used to the youthful recklessness of the past, why should I lower my posture and lean over to smell the fragrance of flowers on the roadside? Then please slow down and listen to me. Do you know the attitude of a gentleman who is as humble as jade? The nobleness of gentlemen lies in that they always bend down, stretch out their hands, and ask whether anyone in this world needs help. The moment he leaned over, the gentleman's gentleness, as gentle as jade, overflowed like a clear spring, causing the fragrance of this world to flow.
A high head may be a symbol of your glory, but the stones you have never paid attention to under your feet may trip your feet; if the floating thoughts lose their roots and refuse to bow their heads and lean over, they will feel empty and vague. Bend down, maybe the scenery of life is right next to the road, waiting for you to discover it.
You have heard that when Master Hongyi passed away, he repeatedly told his disciples to place a bowl of clear water next to him, just to make the ants that smell the smell have a place to rest when he is burned. Master Hongyi, who everyone admires, lowered his posture to the dust and noticed the small ant . Such a low posture is moving! He leaned over in the mud, but the flowers bloomed were white and huge, adorned into a piece, illuminating the scenery of his life and rendering the artistic conception of his life, which was strange and passionate!
I noticed the understanding and affirmation in your eyes. You must be moved by Master Hongyi's low posture. So, let me tell you again.
Do you know that the famous painter and calligraphy and seal engraver Qi Baishi is also a humble gentleman with a low attitude? Literary people are a common skill in their peers, but they always have a humble heart and treat others with a low attitude. When Zhang Dagan held an art exhibition, he was the first to support him. He admired the three painters who were traveling with him and expressed his ambitions with poems: "I wish the nine springs would be a lackey, and the three families would be revolved." Such a low posture is admirable, touching, and even more respectful. The master's demeanor does not lie in his strong appearance and remarkable achievements, but in his mature appearance, there is a full seed that is round and crystal clear, able to take root and sprout in the soil of life, bloom brilliant flowers, and proudly bloom all the glory and faith, prosperity and dreams of life.
Your eyes began to have a sense of spirit. I saw you outline the image of a generation of painters in your mind. I heard you say in your heart that lowering your posture and leaning down is also a kind of nobleness and elegance.
Yes, you were shocked. The waves in your heart came to my heart through your eyes, but I still have something to say to you.
After getting off the plane, Premier Wen whispered "I'm sorry" to a mother and son who had been waiting for a long time, which moved the world. Lin Chiling Because she was too tall, she took photos with someone during a commercial performance. She bent her legs and kept the same height with someone. More than 70 movie fans lined up to take photos with her, and her legs were bent more than 70 times. They are all famous people, but they bent down and saw the earth with a smile. They lowered their posture, picked themselves from the distant starry sky, and sent them to the world. Countless stars dotted into a noble ocean, shining brightly and shining on the world.
Do you know that being frivolous is not a sin, and being determined is not a mistake. If you can take root in the soil of life and not be the floating cloud, your life will be full of poetry, and you can pick it up to become a poem and a painting.
I saw the sudden enlightenment in your eyes. The corners of your mouth are rising, and there is a spirit flying in your eyes.
Where are you? You ask me.
I will lower my posture and lean over and smell a fragrance. I answered.
[Study·Examination Room Quick Success]
This is a full-score argumentative essay in the examination room that successfully uses the method of examples and demonstration. Its outstanding characteristics are first reflected in the selection of arguments. The author carefully selected them to avoid those examples known to all women and children, and strive to "no one has me", which will refresh the people with a refreshing feeling; secondly, it is reflected in the rational use of cases. The author closely follows the argument and lists examples, and then judges it to reveal the relationship between the argument and the argument, so that the argument can be argued more effectively.
fragments related to this technique :
1. For several years of life, flowers bloom and fall, the moon is full and the moon is waning. This is the cycle of nature, but indecisive sentimental talents will always "be happy with things and be sad with themselves", "when feeling the flowers shed tears, and when they hate each other, birds are shocked", how sad and beautiful this is! However, Su Dongpo realized the heroic sentiment of "the river goes east, the waves wash away, and the eternal heroic figures", while Lu You realized the state of sudden enlightenment, "the mountains and rivers are full of roads, and the willows and flowers are bright and bright." Life is like a winding river, we need to choose a tough character. When the spring breeze is proud, we must rush forward quickly and move forward bravely; when we are frustrated and sad, we must regroup and make a comeback. ("Select of the Mind")
2. Xunzi, a famous ancient Chinese thinker, had a deep understanding of "focus". He said, "If you persevere, you can carve gold and stone; if you persevere, you can be rotten wood without breaking." Wang Guowei, a scholar in Qing Dynasty in my country, once summarized three realms of learning: one is to have lofty ambitions, "Last night, the west wind withered the green trees, climbed the tall buildings alone, looking at the road to the end of the world"; the second is to persevere, "I will never regret it when my belt becomes wider, and I will become haggard for her"; the third is to have a successful realm, "When I look back, I am in the dim lights of ." These words all show that being focused and persevere is the only way to success. In fact, many successful careers have proved that focus is the only way to success. The great scientist Ou Lixi was determined to produce a potion. After a long and unremitting efforts, he finally produced the potion Liuliu after hundreds of failures. ("Only by focusing on one's own a little bit")
3. King Zhuang of Chu feasted the ministers, the wind blew the candles, a general was drunk and lost his composure, pulled the princess's clothes and took off his hat tassel. King Zhuang knew about it and ordered all the ministers to take off their hats and light the candle. The generals were extremely grateful and bravely fought against the enemy in a future siege to rescue King Zhuang of Chu. King Zhuang of Chu saved his life because of his tolerance.
Liu Xiu defeated Wang Lang and entered Handan. When checking the documents of the previous dynasty, I found a large number of letters written by court officials to please Wang Lang, including letters that even suggested assassinating themselves. Liu Xiu burned all the letters and refused to pursue them. In the future, all court officials were loyal and loyal. Only with Liu Xiu's tolerance first can the loyalty of the ministers of the previous dynasty be to him later. ("The Beauty of Tolerance Around Me")
4, Zhang Haidi said: "I have given up many times in the face of difficulties, but I carefully pick up my life every day."What a thorough sentence, the physical incompleteness was her dark world. Everything was cold and exuding a terrifying wind, but she thought from a different perspective, walked out of the frozen world, entered the colorful literary world, and found a stage for self-display, surpassing the distress of defects, turning into butterflies, flying in the fragrant garden. Isn't the passionate, passionate and talented "The Best" the best interpretation of thinking about problems from another perspective? Thinking from another perspective, you will benefit a lot; thinking from another perspective, you will find that life is so rich and colorful! ("Thinking from another perspective")
