Emperor Wu of Han 4 years after the fourth year of hunting, famous Han generals Huo Qubing led troops out of Dai County into the grassland, intending to find the main force of Xiongnu and annihilate them all. After leading the army into the grassland for more than 2,000 miles, Huo Qubing met the main force of the Xiongnu Zuoxianwang .
In this battle, Huo Qubing defeated the Huns' army and beheaded more than 70,000. Later, Huo Qubing held a ceremony to worship the sky and the Zen ceremony to worship the earth in Langjuxu Mountain and Guyan Mountain respectively. Huo Qubing's army then pursued the Huns until the vast sea. The Huns were forced to escape from the north of the desert, making it difficult to find the Xiongnu royal court on the grasslands in the south of the desert.
This Battle of the North of the Demon City 's victory became one of the most brilliant achievements of the Han Dynasty 's battle against the Huns during the reign of Emperor Wu of Han. Because Huo Qubing's performance in this battle was too perfect, all military generals of all dynasties regarded Fenglangjuxu as their lifelong pursuit.
This is also the highlight of Emperor Wu of Han’s war against the Huns for more than 40 years. In the late reign of Emperor Wu of Han, the Han Dynasty launched a war against the Huns with fewer victory and more defeats. The Huns regained the initiative in the war. Even so, the Han Dynasty was still as stable as before, while the once powerful Huns began to split and almost perish. What is the reason?
Shame in the early Han Dynasty
If you want to understand the reasons, you must start with the grudges between Han and Hun. Qin Shihuang 32nd year, Qin Dynasty General Meng Tian drove the Huns out of Hetao . Unfortunately, the Central Plains then experienced wars such as the destruction of the Qin Dynasty and the battle for hegemony of Chu and Han, while the Huns took this rest and recuperated, quickly got out of the shadow of defeat, and were eyeing the newly established Western Han Dynasty.
The Huns Maodun Shanyu was not a good person. He seized the throne of the Huns by killing his father Touman Shanyu. After ascending the throne, Maodun Shanyu led his troops to fight and expand everywhere, not only annexing the tribes of Donghu , Floor 1 Fan , but later took advantage of the chaos of the Central Plains to fall into the Chu-Han turmoil and directly robbed the Hetao area, and since then it has continuously invaded the Central Plains.
Han Gaozu 6th year, Liu Bang ordered Han Wangxin to station in Jinyang . Han Wangxin felt that Jinyang was too far away from the border, and if he encountered the enemy situation, he would not have time to inform him of the news, so he asked Liu Bang to let him move the capital to Mayi, and Liu Bang agreed to Han Wangxin's request. However, in the autumn of this year, the Huns sent hundreds of thousands of troops across Great Wall and went straight to the city of Mayi.
Han Wangxin was unable to resist the Huns' army at all, so he simply opened the city gate to welcome the Huns into the city. After receiving the news that Han Wangxin rebelled against the enemy, Liu Bang was furious and personally led 300,000 troops to resist the Huns in the seventh year of Emperor Gaozu of Han.
The Han army won one after another at the beginning, but at this time they were only facing the soldiers of Han Wangxin and the small cavalry of the Huns. They did not encounter the main force of the Huns led by Maodun Shanyu. . Seeing that the Huns were so "vulnerable", Liu Bang commanded the Han army to pursue the victory. Unfortunately, he fell into the trap of the Huns and was besieged on Baideng Mountain.
This incident is recorded in "Records of the Grand Historian":
Baituman Qiuchen and Wang Huangli were therefore Zhao Li, the general of Zhao, rebelled, and Emperor Gaozu went to attack him. When it was cold, two or three soldiers fell into their fingers, and then they arrived at Pingcheng. The Huns surrounded me and stopped after seven days.
Liu Bang was besieged in Baideng Mountain, with no food and grass inside and no reinforcements outside. He was about to be destroyed. At this time, Chen Ping offered a plan and sent someone to pay a lot of money to bribe Maodun Shanyu's wife, and Liu Bang was able to break through. After this battle, Liu Bang also learned about the powerful combat power of the Huns, so he adopted a marriage method to make friends with the Huns.
Emperor Wu of Han launched the Battle of Han and the Huns
0 Since Liu Bang, the policy of marriage between the Han Dynasty and the Huns continued. However, after marriage, the Huns still often betrayed the alliance and sent troops to invade the Han Dynasty's border, causing the people on the border to suffer. Emperor Wen of Han . Emperor Jing did not dare to start the battle lightly, so he could only swallow his anger and order the border general to defend strictly and implement passive defense.
Until Emperor Wu of Han Yuanguang , after the accumulation of the two generations of Wen and Jing, Emperor Wu of Han thought it was time to launch a counterattack against the Huns, so decided to send 300,000 troops and use the "Mayi strategy" to wipe out the main force of the Huns. Unfortunately, the strategy was discovered by the Huns, and the Han army returned in vain, but this also opened the prelude to the decisive battle between the Han and the Huns.
In the sixth year of Yuanguang of Emperor Wu of Han, Emperor Wu of Han launched the battle in Henan. Liu Che 2 sent a large army to attack the Huns in four directions, but the result was still not ideal. Among the four armies of , Li Guang's troops were wiped out. After being captured, he fled back. Gongsun He's troops lost their way in the grassland and returned without success. Gongsun Ao's troops were defeated and returned. Only Wei Qing's troops attacked Longcheng and achieved certain results.
Six years later, Emperor Wu of Han appointed Wei Qing as the main general to send troops to attack the Huns again. Not only did this battle win, but there was also a star rising, and he was Huo Qubing. Huo Qubing played a major role in this battle, leading 800 cavalry to attack the northern part of the Mo and annihilated more than 2,000 Xiongnu people, including the grandfather and uncle of the Xiongnu Shanyu.
In the Battle of Mobei in the fourth year of Yuanshou, Huo Qubing shone brightly and completed the legendary feat of sealing the wolf Juxu. Until now, both strategic and tactical, the Han army achieved unparalleled victory. In hundreds of battles of all sizes, the Han army recovered a large amount of land.
For Emperor Wu of Han, if time stayed at the moment of the decisive battle in Mobei, I believe Liu Che would have no regrets in his life, but he would not have thought that this moment was also the highlight of his life. During the decades when Huo Qubing and Wei Qing died one after another, the Han Dynasty did not launch a large-scale war against the Huns, which gave the Huns a chance to breathe.
Although the Han Dynasty was defeated, it still won
00. After decades of rest and recuperation, the strength of the Huns was restored, and the war in the Han and Huns was rekindled. In the second year of Emperor Wu of Han, Liu Che appointed Zhao Ponu as the general to fight against the Huns, but the entire army was destroyed. In the second year of the reign of Emperor Wu of Han, Emperor Wu of Han launched the last large-scale war against the Huns during his reign.
In this battle, Emperor Wu of Han ordered Li Guangli , Shangqiu Cheng, Matong and others to never attack the Huns from the direction. Unfortunately, the army that Emperor Wu of Han, which had high hopes, still had no rival to the powerful Huns army. Li Guangli surrendered to the Huns, causing the Han army to suffer a heavy blow.
In his later years, Emperor Wu of Han no longer wanted to completely destroy the Huns after this great defeat. This great emperor, who had been in power for 54 years but had 44 years of attack on the Huns, finally compromised to stabilize the situation in the Han Dynasty and promulgated the " Round of Taiwan Edicts " to focus on restoring the Han economy.
As for the Huns, they still competed with the Han Dynasty in the subsequent days, but their years of fighting with Emperor Wu of Han also greatly damaged their vitality and lost their former prestige. They were eventually divided and divided by the Han Dynasty until their demise.
There has never been an absolute winner in the war. Compared with the strong vitality of the Western Han Dynasty agricultural civilization, the Huns who lost the fertile Hetao grasslands were obviously more difficult to restore their strength. In addition, the population of the Huns has drastically decreased, and their control over the vassal states has also declined year by year. Many subordinate tribes raised troops to resist the rule of the Huns, which also made it more difficult for the Huns to recover their vitality.
Due to the continuous natural disasters, the population is declining and the continuous compression of territory, the Huns fell into an unprecedented dilemma, which became the fuse for the intensification of internal conflicts among the Huns. The more powerful tribes began to plunder the resources of the small tribes, and the small tribes had no choice but to surrender to the Han Dynasty or other tribes, which undoubtedly accelerated the decline of the Huns.
Conclusion
Although the war against the Huns was launched during the reign of Emperor Wu of Han did not completely destroy the Huns, and even lost to the Huns many times in his later years. , this also made the Huns fall into the quagmire of war and provided the possibility for the complete elimination of the Huns in later generations. From this point of view, although Emperor Wu of Han was somewhat "military", his long-term battle against the Huns was also a move that lasted for thousands of years.
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