Vladivostok? The Chinese name is Vladivostok ; Blagoveshensk ? The Chinese name is Hailanpao ; Karovsk ? The Chinese name is Berli; Nerchensk ? The Chinese name is Nibchu; Ussurisk? The Chinese name is Shuangchengzi ; Nikolayevsk ? The Chinese name is miaojie ... From this, it is traced to the largest island in the north. The Russian name is Sakhalin Island, but it is always marked on the map of China as Sakhalin Island . What are you doing this for?
History memoryIn the Out of the Northeast
Is history really have any memory? . Is the Treaty of Aihui City signed by China and Russia in 858 still clearly remembered by the Chinese? The author thinks that most people should remember it. Because these lands lost from the Northeast became the outer Northeast, these familiar geographical nouns in China were marked on the map one by one. In fact, it is not just Sakhalin Island, but more of the strong historical feelings of our nation.
858 was the late Qing Dynasty. Since the outbreak of the Second Opium War, after the British and French coalition forces captured Guangzhou with powerful forces, Russia decided to adjust its strategic layout in the Far East after knowing this situation, and felt that this was the best opportunity for them to get the vast land of north and south of Heilongjiang, so they held a meeting to discuss strengthening the "secret immigration" activities to the Heilongjiang area. At the same time, Russian troops were sent directly to the city of Aihui, demanding that the Qing Dynasty ced the outer northeastern land that had not been lost since the Kangxi period.
At this time, the Qing Dynasty had no choice. The southern capital was facing military siege by the British and French coalition forces, and the north was Russians military blackmail. Heilongjiang General Yishan emphasized that since the signing of the Treaty of Nibchu during the Kangxi period, the Sino-Russian border issue has been resolved, but the Russian Muraviev asked the Qing Dynasty to cede the vast land "north of Heilongjiang and east of Ussuri River". Finally, under the threat of Russian guns and warships, the Heilongjiang General had to sign the Treaty of Aihui City for the safety of Emperor Xianfeng and the Central Committee.
The main content of this treaty is to cede "north of Heilongjiang, east of Ussuri River, south of Xing'anling " China's html more than 1.6 million square kilometers of land. From then on, Heilongjiang turned from an inland river in China to a border river. After the signing of the treaty, the Russian Tsar was very excited and thought that he had completed the cause that his ancestors had not completed in the past three hundred years. He changed the cities outside of China's northeast one by one, and also specially renamed "Hailanpao" north of Aihui City to "Bragaveshensk", which was translated into Chinese as "Announcement City". So how exactly was Sakhalin Island lost?
The history of Sakhalin Island
The loss of Sakhalin Island was after the signing of " Aihui Treaty " and " Beijing Treaty ". The Aihui Treaty stipulates that the area east of the Ussuri River, including Sakhalin Island, is jointly managed by China and Russia. However, after the British and French coalition forces signed a peace treaty with the Qing Dynasty, the Russians saw the opportunity in the "Beijing Treaty", so this area was divided into its own country and managed. Therefore, after 860, Sakhalin Island was governed by Russia and was renamed "Sakhalin Island".
Sakhalin Island is a traditional name in Chinese history. China in the Tang and Song dynasties was called "Bruce Leaf" or "Bruce Wei ". Later generations of China named Sakhalin Island based on transliteration. Located in the northeast of the East Asian continent, this island was once the largest island in China. Han Dynasty Han Dynasty Han Dynasty fishing and hunting nations in the northeastern region had already surrendered to the Central Plains dynasty and accepted the title of the Central Plains Emperor. Because of the geographical location, there is no county system for direct jurisdiction.
When it came to Tang Dynasty , the power of the three emperors destroyed the Northeast power Goguryeo , and directly included this area under the jurisdiction of the county and county of the Central Plains dynasty. The name of Sakhalin Island also frequently appeared in historical records at this time. During the Yuan Dynasty, Mongolia pronounced it as "Guiwei". was called "Bitty Leaf" in the Ming Dynasty . During the Qing Dynasty, it was still called Sakhalin Island. Sakhalin Island has been coveted by both the Japanese and the Russians for a long time.
There were early records of investigation of this island in Japanese literature, called "Northern Hokkien". But fearing the powerful power of the Central Plains dynasty, he never dared to reach out, and he was always written as "Tangren Island" in Japanese Chinese writing. This statement has been used until the Meiji Restoration era. html In the mid-118th century, the Qing Dynasty's national strength declined. The two failures of the Opium War gave the Russians and the Japanese a chance at the same time, so they began to infiltrate Sakhalin Island, and both sides tried to occupy this beautiful northern island.
Salon Island in the historical turning point
In modern history, the Qing Dynasty faced the "great changes unseen in three thousand years" in China, and this statement is actually not wrong. This major change not only changes dynasty, but also deeply affects the lives of every Chinese, but also causes huge changes in the territorial structure of China. Historian Toynbee said one thing better: "How big the territory of a modern country is not due to itself, but to the ancient dynasty that is closest to it." This sentence is simply tailor-made for China's modernization.
According to the actual situation after the mid-119th century, the serious failure of the Qing Dynasty in the Second Opium War had already made the world see its weakness, so Sakhalin Island was also divided by Japan in Russia, occupying the northern part and Japan occupying the southern part. However, this occupation was carried out secretly and illegally. It was not until the continuous signing of the Treaty of Aihui and the Treaty of Beijing that Sakhalin completely separated from China at that time from the perspective of legal principles. By 1875, in order to fully manage Sakhalin, Russia specifically exchanged the southern part of Sakhalin Island in the hands of the Japanese with 18 islands.
But the history of Sakhalin Island did not end because of this. In 130 years, the Japanese even surpassed the Qing Dynasty and Russia through the Meiji Restoration. They defeated China in the Sino-Japanese War of 1894 and obtained 230 million war reparations, which made the Japanese have had a "century-year national destiny." Just ten years after Sino-Japanese defeated China, the Japanese broke out in war with Russia. After more than a year of melee, Japan won the war against Russia and successfully advanced to the ranks of Western powers.
After the victory of the Russo-Japanese War, Japan defeated the Russians with its powerful force and gained military dominance in the Far East, forcing the Russians who were extremely coveted of land to ced the southern island of Sakhalin to Japan. Since then, Sakhalin has entered the state of "Japan-Russia Joint Management". But China, the real owner of Sakhalin Island, was powerless at this time. Until 130 years later, WWII victory, China also failed to recover Sakhalin Island due to various reasons. The " Potsdam Announcement " stipulates that the entire island of Sakhalin Island belongs to the Soviet Union. Until Russia later inherited most of the Soviet territory, the island was still called Sakhalin Island.
Conclusion
China has lost Sakhalin Island for 160 years since 860, but in these 160 years, anyone who has studied history and read China maps knows that the three big words Sakhalin Island are still marked on it. Why is this? Because historical memory is really powerful!且很有力量。
Someone may ask, it has been 60 years, do we still have a chance? After the Anshi Rebellion, Kucha City was broken in 807 AD, and the entire territory of the Tang Dynasty Anxi Protectorate was collapsed. It was not until the Qing Dynasty, Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty pacified Zhungeer that Xinjiang "returned new homeland". A full 950 years. A little further away, " Gongyang Zhi " says, "Can you take revenge in nine generations? Even if it is a hundred generations, it can be done."
