" Qinghai-Tibet Highway cannot be built, this is my cemetery, and this shovel I carry with me is my tombstone." General Mu Shengzhong, who walked out of the rain of bullets, once made such a bold statement. What happened made him say such a harsh statement. Has he completed the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Highway?
Qingdao Plateau is the roof of the world, the third pole of the earth, and is one of the most harsh natural environment in the world. It is difficult to build a highway in such a harsh environment in the environment at that time. Why do you say so?
Mu Shengzhong first entered Tibet
1951, Tibet peacefully liberated , but there was no road to Tibet, and all the materials entering Tibet could only be completed by a transport team composed of livestock.
This year, Mu Shengzhong received a task to lead more than 30,000 livestock, thousands of soldiers and camel workers to transport supplies to Tibet. This road was thrilling.
Take the most tolerant desert boat camel as an example. For every 1 kilometer of the transport team, they will leave twelve camels.
is equivalent to every bag of flour received in Tibet at the cost of the death of a camel.
Alpine cold and lack of oxygen, thin air, severe snow disasters, frequent thunder and lightning, and the shadow of death is always with this transport team.
They walked for more than four months and paid the lives of nearly 30 soldiers and camel workers before finally reaching Lhasa.
Mu Shengzhong said that this road is too difficult, and I will never go to Tibet again in my life.
Mu Shengzhong entered Tibet again
However, things didn't go as expected. He had an indissoluble bond with Tibet. Not long after, he received the order to enter Tibet again.
Because at that time, Western imperialist forces coerced some traditional stubborn forces in Tibet and tried to squeeze the People's Liberation Army out of Tibet by cutting off food.
warned the local Tibetan army and the people that you can eat whatever you want, but you must not sell it to the People's Liberation Army. If you dare to sell it to the People's Liberation Army, you will arrest it, with the purpose of making the People's Liberation Army retreat.
At that time, there were more than 30,000 troops in Tibet. Once the food was out of stock, the result could be imagined.
Mu Shengzhong, who learned of this situation, even though he knew that the journey was dangerous and difficult, he still embarked on the road to Tibet again without hesitation.
Mu Shengzhong thought, "I am familiar with each other again and again, and with the first experience, it is better to go to Tibet for the second time than to the first time."
so I planned a relatively safe route.
However, he still underestimated the dangerous Qinghai-Tibet Line .
On the way to Tibet for the second time, Mu Shengzhong even had to set up a special team to collect corpses and extract 10 camels to specially consign the bodies of comrades.
Those who transport corpses can enjoy the treatment of the captain, and they are paid 35 yuan a month, which is the highest salary of the grain transport team at that time.
money is a thin piece of paper, and it runs away as soon as the wind blows, but the life of a comrade is the order of a big guy.
so, everyone was scrambling to join the corpse collection team, but they didn't have a penny to pay for the additional salary.
Despite such a spirit of sacrifice, the transportation team led by Mu Shengzhong still traveled in the wind and snow for a year and three months before reaching Lhasa with difficulty, delivering only half of the remaining food to the local garrison.
These two difficult experiences in Tibet made Mu Shengzhong realize more and more the importance of building a road to Lhasa.
Mu Shengzhong, who is determined to build a road, so Mu Shengzhong began to go around and lobby, but no scientific exploration or funding support, who would dare to rashly agree with this incredible idea?
At the beginning, no one dared to nod, but his persistence moved Peng Dehuai.
But the new China was just established and everything was in trouble and needed money. It could only win ten engineers, 300,000 road construction funds, 3,000 pieces of iron picks and 3,000 kilograms of explosives and 3,000 kilograms of explosives for Mu Shengzhong.
It is a fantasy to build roads on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, why? At that time, these materials could only build 1.5 kilometers of roads in the city.
There are only ten engineers. How to fix it? Mu Shengzhong was so worried that he thought of the 1,200 camel workers in his transportation team.
But the painful experience of entering Tibet the first two times made these camel workers feel a lot of fear of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
As soon as Mu Shengzhong spoke, these camel workers were furious and said that they couldn't breathe even when walking empty-handedly, and they had to swing a hammer to do their hard work, so they would be suffocated to death if they were not exhausted.
How can these camel workers eliminate the fear of the plateau? Mu Shengzhong pondered for a while and said, "Before you leave, I want to ask you all to do a little favor, okay?"
"Before you leave, can you help each of us drive a three-point land, okay?"
camel workers worked hard to get out of this crisis-ridden plateau as soon as possible, but in just one day, they opened 27 acres of vegetable fields.
Mu Shengzhong was so happy that he said to the camel workers: "You have worked for more than a day, and each of them has bloomed more than three points of the land. Just at this 2,800 meters, you waved your shovels and opened the thousand-year wasteland. I think you can still swing the shovels, swing hammers, and build roads in this place in the future."
At this time, everyone understood Mu Shengzhong's intention. It's not that we can't work on the plateau, but we are just a little emotionally resistant.
At this time, Mu Shengzhong picked up his shovel, and almost everyone saw five words "Mu Shengzhong's Tomb" were sold on his shovel.
Everyone was shocked and moved by his persistence and persistence, and chose to stay and build the road.
On May 11, 1954, 44-year-old Mu Shengzhong led more than a thousand camel workers, holding shovels and driving a wooden wheel cart, and working hard.
But after working for more than two months, I can’t continue because there is no scientific measurement, and no measurement means no construction standards and directions. How can I do this?
Construction of roads again encountered difficulties
Mu Shengzhong said, what are you afraid of? If you encounter problems, just solve the problem.
So Mu Shengzhong inquired about it again and found Engineer Deng Yuqing.
Deng Yuqing saw the scene and shook his head repeatedly, saying that with your 300,000 yuan, these thousands of shovels, as well as farmers and herders who pull camels, repairing pavements is a joke, and there is no measurement, so how can you talk about construction?
Seeing that it was impossible to keep people, Mu Shengzhong was so anxious that he smoked.
Suddenly, he had an idea and pulled Deng Yuqing and said, "You go, I won't stop you, but you've come all the way. Let's go up the mountain and see it."
episodes have all been mentioned, and Deng Yuqing didn't want to refuse, so he followed him up the mountain.
But when he saw more than a thousand people on the mountain waving their shovels hard in the snow and ice, his eyes instantly became wet.
He suddenly realized that what Tibet needs at present is not a highway, but a life-saving passage.
So, Deng Yuqing made up his mind to stay and fight side by side with Mu Shengzhong, and now everyone is more confident.
The first task that Mu Shengzhong gave to Deng Yuqing was to build the bridge of Golmud to the west of Kunlun Mountain . This is the first pass. The ancient walls here are steep, the cliffs are rugged, and the water flows under the deep ravine are turbulent.
To think about it, there is only one who builds a bridge, and Mu Shengzhong asked Deng Yuqing to complete the bridge within three days.
At that time, there was not even the most basic cement and long nails. How could I repair it on such a steep cliff? This made Deng Yuqing so anxious that he couldn't sleep all night.
Just as the day was dawn, he began his field investigation along the canyon.
Sure enough, the emperor paid off. After inspecting the canyon for more than ten kilometers, he finally came up with a solution.
The narrowest part of this canyon is only 4 meters wide. After careful calculation, he believed that only nine nine-meter-long Northeast Red Pine and a small amount of steel lead wires, plus ten engineers and 6 stonemasons, the first bridge on the Qinghai-Tibet Line, which originally required 12 meters long, should be able to build the first bridge in three days on the Qinghai-Tibet Line, which originally required 12 meters long.
. As it turns out, Deng Yu’s liquidation was correct, and they were indeed completed in three days!
They didn't have time to celebrate because the next road was even harder to walk, that is, Tanggula boundary, it is the boundary mountain between Qinghai and Tibet, with an altitude of 5,231 meters and a section of road that must be passed through.
vs. Tanggula
This place is full of wind and snow all year round, how strong is it? No one can stand.
1937, the three cavalry regiments of Ma Bufang once arrived at the foot of the Tanggula Mountains and were suddenly attacked by a blizzard and their entire army was wiped out!
Mu Shengzhong said to everyone: "Our team can penetrate the ground and go to heaven. We must step on Tanggula under our feet. Victory is right in front of us. Even if we die, our heads must be towards Lhasa!"
With this determination, Mu Shengzhong led the entire team to a one-month decisive battle, and finally won Tanggula Mountain. On the day the highway was repaired, Mu Shengzhong sent a telegram to Peng Dehuai. Peng Dehuai was both surprised and moved, and immediately replied that it would start from now on. What you want, what I give you, how much you want, how much I support.
At the same time, a new task was given to Mu Shengzhong, which was to open a road from Golmud to Dunhuang to the north while opening the Qinghai-Tibet Highway.
This road requires crossing the Gobi Desert and passing through hundreds of miles of salt lake area. The task is not ordinary. But at this time, Mu Shengzhong was unable to do anything, and he needed someone to help.
Dunge Highway
After thinking about it, I found Qi Tianran, the then webmaster of the Kekexili Transfer Station.
He said to Qi Tianran: "Comrade Tianran, open another Dunge Highway, I want to leave it to you to complete. This task is very heavy, I have no money, no one, I only have to ask. On the day I build the road to Lhasa, your road must also be built to Golmud. I wonder if you have the courage to take on this task."
Qi Tianran patted his chest and said, "No problem, I will die wherever I practice, and I will die. Make a mark with a pincer and send someone to continue practicing."
When Mu Shengzhong heard this, he was very excited and said loudly: "You are dead, I will erect a monument to you."
so, Qi Tianran took over the task and began to build the Dunge Highway.
The biggest problem in building this highway is the salt lake with a radius of 5,800 square kilometers. For the salt lake, they basically had no information to refer to at that time.
Standing next to Baili Salt Lake, Qi Tianran was thinking hard and suddenly noticed that there was a hard rock cover on the lake surface, covered with uneven caves.
Qi Tianran thought about it. If you fill the salt into the cave and sprinkle the thick brine in the salt lake on it, then it can be used as a road?
This seemingly helpless invention was really successful!
Highway successfully passed the 31-kilometer salt lake surface. Until today, ,000-zone salt bridge is still a unique name in Qinghai.
What is even more unexpected is that the method of filling caves and brine invented by Qi Tianran is still the only way to repair the road surface along the lake section! After passing this section, the speed limit is 80 kilometers.
That's it. On December 15, 1954, Mu Shengzhong happily arrived at the Potala Palace in Lhasa.
At the same time, good news came from Dunge Highway, and the construction team led by Qi Tianran also arrived in Golmud as scheduled.
It is said that Qi Tianran was very excited on the day the Dunge Highway was completed. Slaughtering cattle and preparing wine to be held at the intersection of Dunge Highway and Qinghai-Tibet Highway.
however. At that moment, he fell asleep leaning on the wheel of the car. He slept for a day and a night. When he woke up, he thought the celebration was over.
But unexpectedly, the soldiers and camel workers said that the beef had not been eaten after it was cooked, and barley wine was not beaten. Just waiting for you to wake up.
After hearing this, Qi Tianran was stunned. Looking at these comrades who shared life and death, he could no longer hold back and burst into tears.
On December 25, 1954, the grand opening ceremony was held in Lhasa urban area. All of them were welcomed by the most enthusiastic welcome of their Tibetan compatriots.
Due to the stable road conditions, the Qinghai-Tibet Line became the main road to Tibet. In the next 50 years, the Qinghai-Tibet Highway was responsible for the transportation of 85% of the Republic's materials to Tibet and 90% of the outflow of Tibet.
This highway brings together the hard work and wisdom of Mu Shengzhong and many soldiers. This is not only a highway, but also a road to life to Tibet! Like them.
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