Qian Xuantong , is a descendant of Wu Yue Wu Su King Qian Liu, and is also the father of our country's "two bomb heroes" Qian Sanqiang . Originally named Qian Xia , whose courtesy name is Deqian, and also named Yigu and Yigu . On the eve of the May Fourth Movement, he changed his name to Xuantong . He was born on September 12, 1887 in Wuxing, Zhejiang. His father once served as an official in the imperial capital, but because he could not stand the darkness of the officialdom in the late Qing Dynasty, he resigned and returned to his hometown to teach. Under his father's education, he read the scriptures at a young age and was preparing to take the imperial examination. Unfortunately, his father died when he was ten years old, and his mother died again when he was fifteen. He was filial to the rules and failed to take the exam. The one who raised him was his brother and sister-in-law. His older brother and sister-in-law loved him very much and carefully nurtured him. Qian Xuantong was also unable to take the imperial examination as he wished, so he had to give up the Four Books and Five Classics and read progressive books and magazines such as " Xinmin Congbao " and " Qingyibao " that had nothing to do with the exam. In the winter when he was 16 years old, he read Mr. Zhang Taiyan's "Refuting Kang Youwei on Revolution" and "Revolutionary Army" by Zou Rong , and planted the seeds of anti-feudal imperial system in his thoughts. He believed that the views of progressive thinkers such as Zhang Taiyan and Zou Rong were justified, and that the corrupt and backward Qing Dynasty must be overthrown by revolution. In 1904 (the 30th year of Guangxu), he was 18 years old, and he cut his braids in Huzhou . He co-organized the Huzhou Baihua News Agency with friends. The cover only read " Jiachen year " and did not write about the 30th year of Guangxu to show that he did not comply with the Qing Dynasty and expressed his determination to oppose the Qing Dynasty rule.
1905, I went to Shanghai Nanyang Middle School to study, and in winter, I went to Tokyo, Japan to visit my uncle Qian Heng . The following spring of the following year, he returned to Shanghai to get married on his uncle's order. This is a marriage that my brother arranged for him early, and the other party is Xu Huazhen, the daughter of the brother's friend Xu Yuanzhao's family. The Xu family is a well-known heirloom of poetry and books. Xu Huazhen's grandfather, Xu Shulan, served as the Minister of War and founded the "Guyue Library". At that time, Cai Yuanpei was still studying here for 4 years, reading a lot of books and increasing his knowledge.
Qian Xuantong died early when she was young and suffered misfortune because of her parents. She also lived in the Xu family and studied for a while. Xu Yuanzhao attached great importance to him and should be said to have watched him grow up. Xu Xuanzhen is also gentle and virtuous, beautiful and charming. The two are a match and childhood sweetheart. Qian Xuantong's elder brother made his own decision to agree to the marriage. But Qian Xuantong did not like Xu Huazhen. Although the two grew up together, she was an old-style feudal woman. She was educated since she was a child that she was a virtue without talent, and she said that she was full of , three obediences, four virtues. Qian Xuantong received a new type of education, advocated free love and opposed arranged marriages. Although Qian Xuantong was dissatisfied with this marriage, considering his brother's grace and the kindness of the Xu family to him, he was still unwilling to accept the marriage.
On the wedding night, Qian Xuantong was extremely sad when he heard the laughter and joy of the guests outside. He wrote in his diary: "It was a sad night, and I really rarely received it in his life."
He longed for the kind of love that was mutually affectionate, but he had to succumb to reality and marry a woman he didn't love as his wife. The various feelings in his heart could not be spoken to outsiders.
After marriage, Qian Xuantong respected his wife very much. The two did not have much affection and lived a dull life, and they respected each other as guests. He once had 5 boys and 1 girl, although he had only 3 children and grew up. What's valuable is that he will never divorce or take a concubine in his life. This is related to the tutoring of the Qian family and his acceptance of the new culture of monogamy, and also to his self-discipline and good character.
Qian Xuantong studied in Japan in September (1906) and went to Waseda University in Tokyo to study in normal school. He dated Zhang Taiyan, Qiu Jin and others, and joined China Tongmenghui the following year (1907). In his spare time, he often met Zhang Taiyan at the " Minbao " club. He respected the thoughts and knowledge of Zhang's . He held disciple etiquette to Zhang's family and wrote "Questions for Primary School" for Zhang in small seal style, which was highly praised by Zhang. The following year, Minbao was banned. He and his friends asked Zhang to teach the music and knowledge. Eight people including Gong Weisheng, Lu Xun's brothers, Xu Jijian, etc.At this time, Qian Xuantong and Zhang Taiyan had a close relationship. Sometimes they lived in Zhang's residence and met many revolutionaries. The TV series " Awakening Era " showed the storm and time at that time. During his study abroad, he attended a memorial service held by revolutionary patriots in Tokyo to warn the world to resist the imperial system, as well as revolutionary martyrs such as Xu Xilin and Qiu Jin. He once organized the "Education Association Miscellaneous Essays" with Zhang Taiyan. Its purpose is to instill the Chinese academic consciousness in literature and history, and it also has the meaning of promoting national revolution. It is written in vernacular.
In the spring of 1910, Qian Xuantong returned to his motherland where the wind and rain were bleak after studying in Japan for 5 years. After returning to China, he served as a middle school teacher and the Education Department of Zhejiang Provincial Administration of Education. In the autumn of 1913, he went to Beijing and worked as a teacher at the Affiliated High School of Beijing Higher Normal University. Later, he worked as a professor in the Department of Chinese Language of Beijing Higher Normal University and a professor at Peking University .
1916, Qian Xuantong witnessed the rebellious actions of Yuan Shikai and proclaimed himself emperor. The feudal stubborn literati under Yuan Thief brought out the "Bible reading" and feudal ethics abolished in the early years of the Republic of China, and also used the so-called "preservation of national quits" to resist the input of science and new knowledge. Qian Xuantong was extremely anxious about the future of the motherland, believing that the old moral articles must be completely reformed.
1917, Cai Yuanpei was appointed president of Peking University . He invited Chen Duxiu to be the head of liberal arts and hired a group of professors with new revolutionary ideas, such as Li Dazhao, Liu Fu, Hu Shi, etc. " New Youth " was founded by Chen Duxiu and others, and later Qian Xuantong was also one of the fan editors. Chen Duxiu published " Literary Revolution Theory ", firmly advocated the authenticity of literature, and advocated the reform of old Chinese literature. Qian Xuantong actively supported it and took the lead in publishing a vernacular letter to Chen Duxiu in "New Youth" and asked others to write essays in "New Youth". A large number of articles he published in "New Youth" criticized the feudal moral concepts used by emperors who ruled my country for more than 2,000 years. He added "notes" as a reporter or communicated with readers to discuss issues, with the purpose of resolutely fighting against feudal thought. His essays with strong fighting nature played a positive role at the time.
Lu Xun's " Madman Diary " was created by Qian Xuantong's appointment for "New Youth" and repeatedly urged him. From then on, Lu Xun started writing vernacular novels.
Qian Xuantong put forward many good ideas in his article "Urgent to Improve Application Theory", such as deleting unnecessary floating texts when writing letters, printed should be fractionated, using the AD, left and horizontal rows, etc. Now everyone is used to it, but Qian Xuantong vigorously advocated it more than 100 years ago, which shows that he is a person with the awareness of innovation, reform, opening up and development.
On the May Fourth Movement, Qian Xuantong always participated in the parade of young students.
There is no doubt that he became one of the unveilers of the May Fourth New Culture Movement, and became a warrior who advocated new culture , attacked feudalism, and advocated democracy and science.
Qian Xuantong also made great achievements in academics. From 1913 to Beijing Higher Normal University, he served as a full-time professor at Beijing Normal University for more than 20 consecutive years. The courses he taught were mainly phonology , as well as "Shuowen Research", "Story History of Constitutions", "Zhou Zhitang and Qing Dynasty Summary of the dynasty thoughts, "A brief statement on the authenticity of ancient books in the pre-Qin period", etc., and served as the director of the Chinese Language Department for a long time.
1917 (the sixth year of the Republic of China), joined the Mandarin Research Association of the Republic of China as a member, and the president was Cai Yuanpei. The purpose of the association is to study the selection criteria of the national language for the sake of adoption by the education community. He also served as the permanent officer of the Mandarin Unification Preparation Association of the Ministry of Education and is committed to the Mandarin Movement. He published an article on "Reaction to the Preliminary Discussion on Literature" in "New Youth", and to this day there are many academic values of . In this article, he strongly opposed the "using of allusions" that is. He said: "Anyone who uses allusions, regardless of their craftsmanship, is a flaw in writing. "He proposed that "the literature of literature is inferior to allusions; if it is used in ordinary text, it is necessary to speak honestly and make sure that the old woman can understand it. If there are allusions that are used in a false way and use manifestations to replace the facts, it is particularly bad. "His monographs include "Song of the Psychology of Words", "Six Lectures on the History of National Pronunciation", "Adjust on the Issues of Ancient and Modern Literature", etc.
In 1937, Japanese invaders occupied Beijing. Qian Xuantong refused the pseudo-Ministry of Education's appointment letter and refused to come out to teach until he died of illness in January 1939. As an awakened intellectual, Qian Xuantong has always been worried about the country and the people, fighting to overthrow the feudal system, and has been charging forward on the front line to awaken the people, especially his righteous spirit of patriotism and national autonomy. It has always had a profound demonstration and educational significance for society, descendants of the Qian family, and family. It is precisely because of this inheritance of national integrity that outstanding sons like Qian Sanqiang were cultivated and contributed to the revitalization of the motherland.
