pic | Marshal Nie Rongzhen
On September 19, 1949, military and political cadres led by Dong Qiwu jointly issued a telephone call for an uprising, officially announcing their separation from the Kuomintang and peacefully liberating Suiyuan.
However, just one year after the uprising, One day in November 1950, Marshal Nie Rongzhen ordered the arrest of a Kuomintang lieutenant general who followed General Dong Qiwu to revolt. Why is this?
The story starts with the life experience of this Kuomintang lieutenant general named Liu Wanchun ...
Chiang Kai-shek appreciation
1898, Liu Wanchun was born in Jiaohe, Hebei Province. He was a student of the ninth period of Baoding Army Officer School . Although he is not a direct descendant of Huangpu, his life is closely related to Chiang Kai-shek's appreciation.
1927, after Chiang Kai-shek, then commander-in-chief of the Northern Expedition Army, went to Wuhan to inspect the troops, and then went to the Independent Eighth Division stationed in Xiyang, Hubei to inspect.
Since this was Chiang Kai-shek's temporary decision, the division commander Liu Chunrong hurriedly received him and led Chiang Kai-shek to a delegation for a visit.
At that time, Liu Wanchun, who was the leader of the regiment, was leading the officers and soldiers to practice assassination, jumping on Trojans, making single and double bars, and suddenly he heard a "stand attentive". When Liu Wanchun looked back, he saw that Chiang Kai-shek, whom he had seen in the portrait, had already walked to his side, accompanied by the division commander.
Seeing this, Liu Wanchun quickly grabbed the military uniforms beside him and put on his clothes in panic. After everything was sorted out, Liu Wanchun saluted Chiang Kai-shek and reported: "The army is training in physical fitness."
Chiang Kai-shek nodded frequently: "Continue to practice."
pic | Chiang Kai-shek
At this moment, Li Zongren, who came to inspect together, asked, "Captain Liu, do you have to fight?"
Before Liu Wanchun's answer, the commander Liu Chunrong interrupted, "He can also stand upside down and hit the wheels."
Hearing this, Chiang Kai-shek was intrigued and signaled Liu Wanchun to do a few.
After Liu Wanchun understood it, he immediately made a few actions he was proud of. After seeing it, Chiang Kai-shek praised it and said, "He practiced very well! How many years have you practiced?"
"From going to the Army Preparatory School and Baoding Army Officer School, it has not stopped until now."
Chiang Kai-shek pointed at the same time. He was very satisfied with the training scene of the first regiment. Before leaving, Chiang Kai-shek said to Liu Wanchun, "You can practice with the soldiers, it's great to do this!"
Just like that, Chiang Kai-shek remembered Liu Wanchun, the commander of the regiment training with the soldiers, which also led to Liu Wanchun's success in his official career. In the autumn of 1931, Liu Wanchun was promoted to the Taiyuan Pacification Office as a major general and senior general.
In March 1933, Chiang Kai-shek proposed to set up the Lushan Officer Training Corps in Lushan, and to take turns to recruit officers from all over the country for training. For this reason, Chiang Kai-shek also personally transferred Liu Wanchun to the Lushan Officer Training Corps as the major general section chief.
It was May 4, 2019. The first phase of the Lushan Officer Training Corps held its opening ceremony. That night, Chiang Kai-shek called to meet Liu Wanchun.
After Liu Wanchun walked into Chiang Kai-shek's residence, he saw Chiang Kai-shek sitting on the sofa and immediately bowed and saluted him. Chiang Kai-shek waved his hand and signaled him to sit down, but Liu Wanchun still stood and greeted, "Hello, Chairman!"
"Sit down!"
After Chiang Kai-shek spoke, Liu Wanchun sat down. Then, Chiang Kai-shek asked Liu Wanchun about the quality of Shanxi officers and soldiers, the relationship between the superiors and subordinates, and the training situation.
After Liu Wanchun finished answering, Chiang Kai-shek asked again: "Is there any Communist army activities in Shanxi?"
"There are sometimes a few Communist Red Guard activities found in the western district of Yonghe County, near the Yellow River in Shaanxi." Liu Wanchun answered truthfully.
Chiang Kai-shek was very satisfied with Liu Wanchun's answer. He smiled and encouraged: "You must be down-to-earth in doing things, work diligently, and be a soldier who is loyal to the party and the country.”
pic | Chiang Kai-shek
Liu Wanchun responded repeatedly, and then Chiang Kai-shek chatted with Liu Wanchun for a while.
Under the appreciation and support of Chiang Kai-shek, Liu Wanchun's official position in the Kuomintang army can be said to have risen to the top, and basically work in the position of a full-time position. It is not difficult to see how much Chiang Kai-shek likes Liu Wanchun.
In July 1943, Liu Wanchun was appointed as the commander of the 17th Division of the 3rd Army of the Kuomintang Army. In January 1949, Liu Wanchun was appointed as the commander of the 111th Army. In July of the same year, he was appointed as the deputy commander of the 9th Corps as part-time commander of the 11th Army.
Under such treatment, it would be completely impossible for Liu Wanchun to be grateful and loyal to Chiang Kai-shek.
On January 15, 1949, Tianjin was liberated and the Kuomintang army was prepared for Tianjin. Commander Chen Changjie was captured. On January 21, Fu Zuoyi followed the historical trend and accepted the eight peace conditions proposed by Chairman Mao and the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.
On January 31, 1949, Peacefully liberated , Chairman Mao promptly proposed the "Suiyuan Method" to Fu Zuoyi.
At that time, the First Army commanded by Liu Wanchun was stationed in Suiyuan Province, and naturally had to march in the ranks of the "Suiyuan Method", and it was Chiang Kai-shek who held real power. Liu Wanchun, who loves general, naturally became the object of struggle between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party.
Liu Wanchun agreed to peacefully resolve the Pei problem
In fact, before the peaceful liberation of Peking, Fu Zuoyi had indirectly investigated Liu Wanchun's attitude.
In December 1948, Fu Zuoyi solicited opinions from Liu Wanchun: "From the current situation, do you think it is better to fight or to resolve it peacefully? "
Picture | Fu Zuoyi
"...If you want to have a peace talk, it depends on the attitude of the Communist Party? "
Not long after, Deng Baoshan asked Liu Wanchun on the telegram again:
" Yisheng (Fu Zuoyi) and I studied it and believed that it is appropriate to conduct peaceful negotiations in the situation in Peking. Do you agree to the Peking peace negotiations? Let me call you quickly. ”
In the telegram Liu Wanchun responded: "Northeast failed, North China is isolated, stick to the worst strategy, and negotiate the best strategy... Please handle it carefully with the Chief Executive (Fu Zuoyi). At present, the situation in Suiyuan is still stable. "
Liu Wanchun's attitude towards whether to negotiate peacefully in Peking was very clear. He believed that peace talks were the best strategy, and the main reason why he had this idea was his disgust with war.
As early as when The War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression was victorious, Chiang Kai-shek ordered the troops to advance quickly to seize the fruits of victory. Liu Wanchun once said to Chiang Kai-shek: "Japan has surrendered now. In order to occupy several cities, he has fought again. I really don't want to fight again. How good is it to give the people a chance to recuperate! For cities and towns occupied by the Eighth Route Army, you can send people to negotiate and resolve them peacefully. Why can’t you fight? ”
On January 21, 1949, after Liu Wanchun learned that Fu Zuoyi had held a peace talk, he immediately reported to Dong Qiwu. After some discussion with Liu Wanchun, Dong Qiwu decided to go to Peking in person.
th day, Dong Qiwu went to Beijing in person, met Fu Zuoyi, and confirmed the news of the peaceful liberation of Peking.
pic | Dong Qiwu
On November 23, Dong Qiwu returned to Suiyuan and conveyed Fu Zuoyi’s opinions on the Suiyuan issue to Liu Wanchun and others: standby negotiation to resolve.
At the same time, Fu Zuoyi also arrived at Xibaipo and was personally received by Chairman Mao. The moment he met Chairman Mao, Fu Zuoyi said: "Chairman Mao, I am here to apologize to you! "
Chairman Mao waved his hand slightly and said: "General Fu, you made great contributions in the War of Resistance Against Japan, and now you have done a good thing for the people. The people will not forget you. Today we are old relatives, and it is hard to part with you."
Then, Chairman Mao had a free conversation with Fu Zuoyi. When talking about the Suiyuan issue, Chairman Mao paused slightly and said: "With the peaceful resolution of Peking, Suiyuan will not use troops. You can let it go first and wait for them to revolt. The Suiyuan problem must be solved in the "Suiyuan method". "
Before Fu Zuoyi asked questions, Chairman Mao explained:
"The 'Suiyuan method' is a way to fight without the army... First draw a ceasefire line and let Dong Qiwu slowly do his internal work. On the other hand, a liaison office was sent to connect the railway, build up postal and trade, and gradually unify the currency, strengthen cultural exchanges and publicity, and then hold a peaceful uprising when General Dong Qiwu thought it was appropriate. ”
Fu Zuoyi deeply agreed with Chairman Mao’s words: “We must follow Chairman Mao’s instructions. ”
pic | Chairman Mao and Fu Zuoyi
Suiyuan Uprising have since begun, but at this time, Liu Wanchun's previous peace talks changed. His heart was towards Chiang Kai-shek, so he also showed inconsistent actions in his actions.
Suiyuan Uprising won the victory
After the Suiyuan Uprising plan began, Chiang Kai-shek appointed Liu Wanchun's old boss Xu Yongchang many times to talk to Liu Wanchun, Sun Lanfeng and others. During the conversation, Xu Yongchang kept making wishes to them and kept mentioning Chiang Kai-shek's appreciation to him. Everything made Liu Wanchun more determined to follow the Kuomintang and Chiang Kai-shek.
and Fu Zuoyi also had very distrust of Liu Wanchun. On June 14, Fu Zuoyi sent Wang Kejun and others to leave Peiping and go to Suiyuan with the official text of the "Agreement".
Before leaving, Fu Zuoyi told everyone: "Liu Wanchun holds some of the military power, and relies on his old relationship with the Kuomintang Military Order Minister Xu Yongchang, and he is a Hui tribe, and he met Ningxia Ma Hongkui . He thought he had great power and had a way to advance and retreat, so he would not be willing to listen to us. Now he and E Yousan and others recently held a secret meeting in Guisui without telling it. Maybe he would have something else to do. You go back and tell Chairman Dong that you must strictly guard against Liu Wanchun, and be isolated to the greatest extent and weaken his interference in the implementation of the agreement. "
Wang Kejun stood aside and said, "Chairman Dong is too generous. He always thought that he had saved Liu Wanchun's life, took him in, and entrusted with important tasks, and he would be obedient. "
As early as the end of 1945, Liu Wanchun was accused of embezzling military pay and selling opium. Fu Zuoyi was furious when he learned about it. He immediately removed him and handed him over to Military Law Department for investigation. Chiang Kai-shek also ordered him to be taken to Chongqing for legal action.
pic | Liu Wanchun
Later, Dong Qiwu came forward to bail Liu Wanchun and let him be exempted from being executed.
Fu Zuoyi nodded repeatedly and instructed: "Last year, Liu Wanchun started his activities and wanted to replace Chairman Dong. As the chairman of Suiyuan Province, Qiwu still does not know about this matter. ”
Although Dong Qiwu felt that it could convince Liu Wanchun, in fact, he was also alert to Liu Wanchun.
The focus of implementing the "Suiyuan Peace Agreement" was to welcome the CCP Liaison Office in Sui to enter Guisui. Dong Qiwu determined July 11 as the date of entry.
In order to ensure the safety of the contact personnel, Dong Qiwu specially asked Liu Wanchun to attend the meeting when he held a deployment meeting. During the meeting, he decided to let Liu Wanchun be responsible for the public security work in Guisui, but Liu Wanchun said: "People from Suidong must concentrate their weapons and keep them by our army. They are not allowed to go to the streets at will, otherwise if there is a problem, I will not be responsible. "
Liu Wanchun's words shocked everyone present. Dong Qiwu also said: "They are guests and come to work. They cannot be treated like that. They must do a good job in security. ”
But Liu Wanchun still ignored it and finally even left the conference room with her sleeve.
Later, in order to try his best to stop the Suiyuan Uprising, Xu Yongchang specially talked to Dong Qiwu, Liu Wanchun and Sun Lanfeng. After the conversation, he also officially announced the appointment of Dong Qiwu as the deputy commander of the Northwest Military and Political Department, Sun Lanfeng as the commander of the Ninth Corps, and Liu Wanchun as the deputy commander of the Ninth Corps. It was also from this time that Dong Qiwu's military command was taken away.
However, even so, Dong Qiwu's determination to rebel was still not stopped.
pic | Dong Qiwu
On August 14, 1949, Fu Zuoyi and Deng Baoshan were appointed by Chairman Mao to come to Guisui City with condolences. Dong Qiwu led Liu Wanchun and others to greet him.
On the morning of August 26, Fu Zuoyi went to the First Army under Liu Wanchun to review the troops and distributed condolences money.
In the afternoon, Fu Zuoyi and Deng Baoshan asked the commander of the division and brigade and the director and above of the Suiyuan Provincial Government. During this period, Fu Zuoyi said: "When Mr. Deng and I met Chairman Mao in Xibaipo Jin, Pingshan County, Chairman Mao told us both: 'The past will not be blamed, and the uprising will be rewarded'... The Party Central Committee and Chairman Mao did not punish me, but also comforted me and encouraged me to serve the people. You can rest assured about this......Follow the Communist Party, the future will be infinitely bright."
When the Suiyuan Uprising was approaching, Xu Yongchang appeared again on September 17. The purpose of his trip was still to stop the Suiyuan Uprising.
After meeting Fu Zuoyi at the airport, Xu Yongchang said enthusiastically: "General Fu was lucky enough to escape from danger, which is a great blessing for the party and the country..."
But facing Xu Yongchang's fake face, Fu Zuoyi said directly: "Mr. Mao is different from Jiang. Even if he cannot do what he wants, I can live my old age in peace even if I am relieved and return to the field... For the country and the people, I am already a guilty person. I only want to make meritorious contributions for the rest of my life, and I dare not do anything. Please do not need to say much."
Xu Yongchang understood that the Suiyuan Uprising could no longer be stopped, but for the sake of the Kuomintang, he met Liu Wanchun alone before leaving.
Liu Wanchun knew Xu Yongchang's intentions well, so he swears in front of his old superiors: "Please tell Chairman Jiang for me that my army stationed in Suiguo will always be a loyal soldier of the party and the country. After the uprising, he will be hidden as an internal response and will definitely persevere until the day of counterattack and liberation."
On September 18, 1949, Liu Wanchun signed the "Suiyuan Peace Uprising Telegram" with a contradictory attitude.
On September 19, Sun Lanfeng signed, and at this point, the Suiyuan Uprising won the victory.
However, just when Liu Wanchun believed that he had successfully entered the Communist Party, his cleverness completely ruined his original bright future....
Nie Rongzhen ordered the arrest of Liu Wanchun
39 military and political officials signed the "Suiyuan Peace Uprising Telegram", on September 19, 1949, on the afternoon of September 19, Suiyuan Province military and political cadres and representatives of all ethnic groups and all walks of life held a celebration.
Fu Zuoyi made a simple speech:
"......In the past, I once led everyone to the wrong path, and I have to be responsible for this. Now I have led everyone to the Avenue of Light. I hope that under the leadership of Chairman Mao and the Communist Party, we will study hard, transform ourselves, and serve the people wholeheartedly. If anyone takes the wrong path in the future, he will be responsible for it."
pic | Fu Zuoyi
Hearing this, Liu Wanchun nodded repeatedly, showing very "sincere". Shortly after the uprising, Liu Wanchun also suggested to Fu Zuoyi that the army should be sent to Ningxia to support the People's Liberation Army, so as to express the grace of the Party and the people for us.
Fu Zuoyi agreed to Liu Wanchun's proposal and immediately sent a telegram to the Party Central Committee to request approval.
Soon, Fu Zuoyi's request was approved. Afterwards, Liu Wanchun led his troops to Ningxia. In October 1949, Ningxia surrendered under the strong pressure of the People's Liberation Army. Since then, Ningxia has been liberated.
In 1950, the 111th Army of the Kuomintang Army that revolted in Suiyuan Uprising was reorganized into the 36th Army of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, with Liu Wanchun as the commander.
However, even under the leniency and generous treatment of the Party Central Committee and Chairman Mao, Liu Wanchun still did not forget Chiang Kai-shek's "benefits", and even threw Fu Zuoyi's earnest warnings behind him. He once thought that he could "make achievements" for the Kuomintang. For this reason, he sent his battalion commanders to Hong Kong many times to contact the Kuomintang spy agencies, and the battalion commander also brought him the letter of appointment given to him by Chiang Kai-shek.
"If you don't want others to know, don't do it yourself." Not long after, the incident of Liu Wanchun colluding with Kuomintang spies was exposed, and this matter was directly reported to Marshal Nie Rongzhen.
After discovering this, Marshal Nie Rongzhen did not alert the enemy, but found Dong Qiwu and Fu Zuoyi to ask for the handling method. In addition, Marshal Nie Rongzhen also talked about some of the crimes of Zhang Pu and E Yousan.
pic | Marshal Nie Rongzhen
Fu Zuoyi was shocked after learning about these things and did not speak for a long time.
, standing beside Dong Qiwu felt guilty. He said with tears in his eyes: "Since they betrayed the people, the evidence is conclusive, please ask the commander and the political commissar to handle the matter according to the revolutionary discipline! However, considering that they are all those who signed the uprising, I hope to consider lenient treatment!"
On November 1950, Marshal Nie Rongzhen ordered the arrest of Liu Wanchun, Zhang Pu, E Yousan and others.
Considering that all the arrests were all rebel generals, Nie Rongzhen quickly reported the matter to Chairman Mao and also reported Dong Qiwu's ideas to Chairman Mao.
Chairman Mao sighed and said after a long time: "You can't kill, just follow his martial arts!"
When reading the Twenty-Four Histories, Chairman Mao wrote an important comment: "You can't kill and surrender, but you can't kill prisoners." Although Liu Wanchun is not a surrendered general or a prisoner, he is a person who has made contributions to the uprising and naturally he cannot be killed. Chairman Mao’s decision undoubtedly once again reflects Chairman Mao’s flexibility in handling matters, and also reflects Chairman Mao’s tolerance and cleverness.
pic | Chairman Mao
1967, after Liu Wanchun was released from prison, he was elected as a member of the Beijing Municipal CPPCC . Recalling the past, Liu Wanchun once said with emotion:
"I deeply realized that only by following the path of the people is the last destination of life..."
1993, Liu Wanchun died of illness at the age of 93.
