In May 214 AD, as Chengdu had been besieged by Liu Bei's army for dozens of days, and the entire Yizhou had fallen, and no reinforcement could save Chengdu. In desperation, Liu Zhang, who was trapped in the lonely city, led 30,000 remaining troops out of the city to surrender. The battle of Yizhou , which lasted for more than two years, was announced to end, and the entire Yizhou was included in the territory of Liu Bei Group.
This is also the first time since the Yellow Turban Rebellion that Liu Bei has seized a complete state by military means for the first time since the Yellow Turban Rebellion began. So far, Liu Bei also ushered in his first peak moment since 's Battle of Red Cliffs .
Liu Bei seized Yizhou, and the core territory of Shu Han was thus formed. Before the Battle of Yizhou, Liu Bei only held one part of Jingzhou , namely the five counties of Jingzhou. However, except for the Nan County borrowed through diplomatic means, it was one of the population and economic centers of Jingzhou area ( only borrowed some areas such as Jiangling from the hands of the Eastern Wu, and the rest was occupied by Liu Bei through force), the remaining four counties of Jingnan had not yet been fully developed at the time, and this was still an area occupied by local ethnic minorities and mountain people. Even Liu Bei only maintained a local occupation of this area.
With the victory of the Battle of Yizhou, Liu Bei's territory has begun to expand. From the Yizhou area in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River to the Jingzhou area in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, Liu Bei, who holds half of the land in his hands, is no longer the local official who has chosen to defend conservatively for a long time, but a prince who can further compete for the world.
Looking at the rich Yizhou in his hand and the Jingzhou base he already has, Liu Bei, who can continue to expand, naturally smiled happily. But as Liu Bei's ally, Sun Quan looked unhappy. At least in his opinion, the ally in front of him was really unauthorized.
年年年年 and Zhang Teng became the royal family, hoping to rely on the heroic spirit to restore the Han Dynasty.
Guanyu stationed in Jiangling, Zhang Fei Zhigui , Zhuge Liang stationed in Nanjun, and prepared to live in Chanling. Quan knew the intention, so he summoned Yu to return.
Liu Bei and Sun Quan had a dispute over this
1. After the Battle of Red Cliff, Cao Cao The army left behind in the Yangtze River Basin was driven back to Nanyang County north of Jingzhou by the Sun-Liu coalition forces. The Cao Cao group was no longer able to fight again in a short period of time, and Sun Quan had the idea of leading a large army of water and land to seize Yizhou.
But as a partner, Liu Bei firmly stopped him, and his reason was also high-sounding: Liu Zhang, who guarded Yizhou, was a relative of Liu Bei, and Liu Zhang occupied Yizhou to protect the Han Dynasty. How could Sun Quan take it as a subject? Even Liu Bei, a relative, does not have this qualification!
Even in order to prevent Sun Quan from acting, Liu Bei, who took over Nanjun, also occupied many important strongholds along the Yangtze River to prevent Sun Quan from going up the river.
, in a blink of an eye, Liu Bei, who was posing as a lie to help Liu Zhang resist Zhang Lu , borrowed Zhang Song to secretly communicate with Liu Bei and was killed by Liu Zhang. He also launched a sudden attack on Liu Zhang, triggering the two-year battle in Yizhou. Liu Bei, who had previously claimed that he could not bear to seize Yizhou, became the lord of Yizhou many years later. Faced with Liu Bei's behavior of picking peaches, Sun Quan was simply angry!
2. After the Battle of Chibi, in order to shorten his defense zone and to pull Liu Bei to the front line as cannon fodder, Sun Quan lent Liu Bei the Nanjun bordering Cao Wei . While shortening his defense line, he also pushed Liu Bei to the forefront. But for Liu Bei, who was determined to expand his territory, borrowing Nanjun always outweighed the disadvantages.
controls the Nanjun of the Yangtze River, which gives Liu Bei the initiative to adjust offense and defense (attack Sun Quan)
, especially Nanjun covers the Yangtze River basin and controls the water passage into Shu. This place has become Liu Bei's most core area in Jingzhou.
But at present, Liu Bei has occupied the entire Yizhou. For Sun Quan, who only holds Yangzhou, Jiaozhou and a Jingzhou Jiangxia County ( only accounts for a part of ), Liu Bei's strength is about to be on par with him.At this time, Sun Quan failed in succession of Northern Expeditions, and his allies were about to maintain the same heavyweight as himself. This situation was something that Sun Quan did not want to see. It is precisely based on this background that in 214 AD, Sun Quan formally made his own request to Liu Bei: return the previously loaned Nanjun, and even had the idea of asking for other counties in Jingzhou.
But how could Liu Bei, who had already swallowed it, spit it out? Faced with Sun Quan's request, Liu Bei just drew a vain pie: Wait until the future captures Liangzhou and then return Nanjun to you!
in case of obtaining Yizhou, and ordered Zhuge Jin to seek the counties of Jingzhou. Bei refused and said, "I am planning to Liangzhou. Liangzhou is settled, so I will use Jingzhou and Wu Er.
. Sun Quan was completely angry in the face of Liu Bei's attitude. Sun Liu Alliance also broke out in the first conflict. Since Liu Bei did not intend to return it, Sun Quan, who found the excuse, was ready to completely tear his face and lead the army to launch an operation to seize Jingzhou.
Jingzhou five counties controlled by Liu Bei before entering Shu
The so-called seizure of Jingzhou is to seize the five counties of Jingzhou under Liu Bei's rule. At this time, the five counties of Jingzhou showed this arrangement:
1. Nanjun only relies on Jiangxia County controlled by Sun Quan, and many other waters passing by the two places. If Sun Quan takes action, the Wu army can attack Nanjun in the first time.
2. Changsha County is located south of Jiangxia County and west of Yangzhou area. Guiyang County is also located west of Yangzhou. If the Wu army launches military operations against Jingzhou, Changsha County and Guiyang County will also be the first to be the target of the Wu army's attack. After clearing and controlling the two counties, the Wu army can continue to attack westward and then seize Wuling County and Lingling County west of Changsha County and Guiyang County.
Especially at this time, in order to occupy and control Yizhou, Liu Bei had already drawn a large number of main troops from Jingzhou to enter. Southwest . The five counties of Jingzhou are relatively empty, and they lack control over the four counties in Jingnan. Guan Yu, who stayed in Jingzhou, can only gather the remaining main forces in the more important Nanjun area. This means that after Sun Quan launched the operation to seize Jingzhou, Nanjun, which Guan Yu heavily guarded, may be a difficult bone, but Sun Quan will be confident in taking the four counties in the southern part of Jingzhou with weak forces.
took Yizhou but lost the five counties in Jingzhou. In the four counties, wouldn’t Liu Bei return to the rhythm before liberation one night?
Lu Meng supervised Xian Yudan, Xu Zhong, Sun Gui and other soldiers to capture 20,000 Changsha, Lingling and Guiyang counties.
Lu Su garrisoned Baqiu to defend Guan Yu with ten thousand people. Quan lived in Lukou and was the governor of the army.
Faced with the rising Liu Bei, Sun Quan planned to initiate the stealing In March 215, after failed negotiations between multiple parties and even Guan Yu drove away the officials who were trying to send to Jingzhou, Sun Quan commanded the Wu army to suddenly launch an action against Jingzhou. Just like the sneak attack four years later, the Eastern Wu Group also made careful preparations during this operation.
1, Lu Meng led an army of 20,000 to attack the southern part of Jingzhou.
2, Lu Su led an army of 10,000, and After Lu Meng controlled Changsha County at the first time, he quickly implemented contact and defense, thus ensuring that Lu Meng had more mobile troops. At the same time, Lu Su led his army to control the only way to the Yangtze River waterway from Nanjun to Changsha County to block the possible southward rescue of Guan Yu.
3. Sun Quan led the remaining main forces to guard Jiangxia County to form a restraint on the Guan Yu corps stationed in Nanjun. If Guan Yu went south to rescue, Sun Quan took the opportunity to lead his army to attack Nanjun.
It can be said that Sun Quan's layout was really strict. After the operation was launched, because Liu Bei's armed forces left in southern Jingzhou were too weak, Changsha County and Guiyang County, which were first beaten, announced their surrender in a short time ( was arrived, and both counties were submissive to ). In the first stage of the battle to seize Jingzhou, Sun Quan's group achieved initial victory, but just when Sun Quan was planning to make a concerted effort, the special geographical conditions of the five counties in Jingzhou made Sun Quan discover that this battle was not as simple as imagined.
The special geography in southern Jingzhou won the time for Liu Bei's counterattack
Changsha County and Guiyang County are both county-level units that existed since the Qin Dynasty period. Among them, Changsha County covers most areas of Hunan, while Guiyang County covers the areas from southern Changsha to northeast Guangdong. The east-west length of the two counties stretches for hundreds of kilometers, and the geographical conditions from Hunan to Guangdong also destined to be mountainous in this area.
But this means that when the Eastern Wu army launched a sudden sneak attack on the two places, although the local Liu Bei defenders were caught off guard, the long mountain route also seriously delayed the expansion of the Eastern Wu army to the west. When Lu Meng struggled to occupy the entire territory of the two counties for a long time, Wuling County and Lingling County, located west of the two counties, had already prepared for resistance, and even won time for reinforcements from Liu Bei and Guan Yu.
Only the prefect of Lingling Hao Pucheng will not surrender.
First leader leads 50,000 troops to the police.
will be prepared to the police, so that Guan Yu can send 30,000 troops to Yiyang .
3
03, when Lu Meng, who occupied Changsha County and Guiyang County, continued to lead his army westward, trying to seize the nearby Lingling County, Liu Bei's subordinate, Lingling County Prefect Hao Pu , had already completed his defense preparations. Relying on the lack of strength in his hands, Hao Pu insisted on lingling County for a long time with Lu Meng.
What Sun Quan and Lu Meng unexpectedly were that as the news came, Liu Bei quickly led an army of 50,000 from Yizhou to Nanjun. Seeing that there was already a strong main force behind him, Guan Yu, who was sneak attacked by the Eastern Wu but did not dare to move, immediately led 30,000 naval and army troops down the river and directly broke through Lu Su's Baqiu defense line. Then he went south again along the Xiangjiang River and confronted Lu Su who retreated to Yiyang. As Guan Yu rushed into the depths of Changsha County, Changsha County, which Sun Quan had just obtained, was in a moment of instant regaining it.
Sun Quan's first sneak attack, Liu Bei and Guan Yu quickly implemented a countermeasure
Liu Bei led more main troops to guard Nanjun. Sun Quan, who had been waiting for an opportunity to attack, was naturally unable to move. Because Lu Su, who was struggling to defend Changsha County, was in a state of disadvantage in military strength, and Liu Bei's 50,000 troops were staring at him, Guan Yu, who occupied Yiyang, was ready to block Sun Quan's southward advance at any time. Sun Quan, who was originally a mobile sneak attack regiment, was unable to advance and retreat in Jiangxia County.
Sun Quan's corps dared not move, and Lu Su's corps could not defend itself. Even soon after, Hao Pu, who struggled to defend Lingling County but could not get rescue, mistakenly thought that Liu Bei was still in Sichuan, and he finally chose to surrender. But Lu Meng, who had captured the three counties of Jingzhou, was no longer able to move forward. Especially Lusu is already in a tight position in Changsha County. If Guan Yu makes any progress in this area, he will seize the entire Changsha County. Instead, Lu Meng lost contact with Sun Quan, who was guarding Jiangxia. Lu Meng could only return to the army and chose to rescue ( because he led the army back to ). Lingling County and Guiyang County that could be captured also needed to leave troops to defend. After seven or eight deductions, how many left can Lu Meng's 20,000 corps remain?
It was Sun Quan's dilemma. He was forced to come to the negotiating table after he once seized the three counties of Jingzhou. At this time, news of Cao Cao's upcoming march came from , Hanzhong , north of Yizhou. Liu Bei, who was deeply aware of the crisis in Yizhou, also urgently needed negotiations as soon as possible to resolve the dispute between the Sun-Liu alliance. It is difficult for both sides to continue the friction, so everyone can only repair it again, and the famous Xiangshui negotiations came here.
After the final determination of Liu Bei and Sun Quan, Sun Quan gave up the Nanjun that he had previously loaned. In exchange, both Sun and Liu will use the east and west Xiangjiang River as the boundary line between the two sides. The Changsha County and Guiyang County west of the Xiangjiang River that Sun Quan had just occupied before will be officially assigned to the territory of the Eastern Wu Group, and the occupied Lingling County will be returned to Liu Bei. In other words, Liu Bei wanted to exchange the land of the two counties for the previously borrowed Nanjun, which is the famous Xiangshui demarcation in history. After the Xiang River demarcation, Liu Bei's defense system in Jingzhou was completely disrupted. After the negotiations ended, the two sides had no territorial disputes for the time being, and the new Sun-Liu alliance was formed again. Liu Bei, who had no worries, led the main force back to Yizhou, and then started the battle in Hanzhong that lasted for two years.But does the story end here? The answer is actually just beginning!
Because after the Xiang River demarcation ended, on the surface, Liu Bei still occupied the three counties of Jingzhou, and the most core Nanjun is still in his hands. But in fact, when Changsha County and Guiyang County were completely under Sun Quan, the three counties of Jingzhou in Liu Bei's hands had actually become Jedi. At least on the map, it is not difficult for us to find that fatal problem.
After the two sides re-entered the territory, Nanjun, Wuling County and Lingling County under Liu Bei's jurisdiction have already shown a vertical state. Nanjun faces Jiangxia County, Wuling County faces Changsha County, and Lingling County faces Guiyang County. In other words, one day in the future, if Sun Quan launches another sneak attack, facing Sun Quan's attack from east to west, Liu Bei's three counties of Jingzhou will have no buffering place to block.
In the conflict in 215 AD, the reason why Sun Quan had a short circuit during the operation was because Liu Bei held two military buffer zones of Changsha County and Guiyang County in his hands. Even if there are not enough troops stationed in the land that stretches for hundreds of kilometers, the long journey will delay the movement of the Eastern Wu army. With the resistance of the two counties in front, Wuling County and Lingling County located in the rear can have enough time to prepare for defense. Nanjun has always been the area where Liu Bei's heavy army gatherings. Unless this area has empty troops, Sun Quan would never dare to attack Nanjun.
The Xiangjiang River from north to south can allow Guan Yu's navy to move south quickly, but Changsha County's abandonment caused this line to be completely cut off
What is more noteworthy is that since Nanjun and Lingling County are still farther away from Wuling County, if Lingling County is threatened, Guan Yu, stationed in Nanjun, cannot start rescue as soon as possible. Because the Wuling County of Jingzhou spans western Hunan and eastern Guizhou, it is also a rugged mountain road, if Guan Yu wants to go south to rescue, he will be blocked by special geographical conditions.
However, Changsha County in Jingzhou is located in the Xiangjiang River Basin. Guan Yu cannot carry out rapid rescue of Lingling County by land, but Guan Yu's navy can easily enter the Xiangjiang River from the Yangtze River downstream and then arrive at the lower reaches of the Xiangjiang River as fast as possible. This is exactly the location of Lingling County. In other words, when Changsha County was still in Liu Bei's territory, the navy of Liu Bei's group could not only enter Changsha County as soon as possible to block the Eastern Wu that attempted to seize the five counties of Jingzhou, but also continue to go downstream to rescue Lingling County, the farthest distance.
In fact, in the conflict in 215 AD, Guan Yu's Corps did try to go downstream to rescue the besieged Lingling County. Unfortunately, in the process of breaking through the Lusu defense line, Hao Pu, the prefect who was trapped in the lonely city, was deceived by Lu Meng, who was persuaded to surrender and claimed that foreign aid was hopeless, and finally chose to surrender in advance.
It can be said that during the period when Liu Bei controlled the five counties in Jingzhou, the special geography of the five counties created a perfect defensive position for Liu Bei. Even if Sun Quan uses sneak attacks, he will be discouraged in the face of such special geographical conditions. Referring to the first armed conflict between Sun and Liu, in the context of setting fire behind Cao Cao, Guan Yu tried to cut off the road to returning to the north. Liu Bei led the main force to wait for an opportunity to counterattack Sun Quan. This style of play may even counterattack Sun Quan and completely drive Sun Quan out of Jingzhou.
Liu Bei, who was promoted to King of Hanzhong four years later, reached his peak. However, the negotiations four years ago had caused great disaster to him. However, with the subsequent Xiangshui demarcation alliance, Liu Bei permanently gave up Changsha County and Guiyang County. This inadvertent action directly caused the defense system of the five counties in Jingzhou to collapse.
1. After four years of construction, the entire Changsha County was firmly controlled by Sun Quan, and the Xiangjiang River waterway was naturally blocked. Faced with the sneak attack four years later, Lingling County, the farthest from Nanjun, became a Jedi.
2. Since the defense frontier of Changsha County was completely abandoned, this place became the frontier position for Sun Quan to launch a sneak attack, and Wuling County, adjacent to Changsha County, lost its buffer zone. Faced with a sudden attack, the army of the Eastern Wu could directly attack Wuling County, and the county, which had weak defenses, was unable to resist at all.
3. What's even more fatal is that because Guan Yu launched the controversial Northern Expedition, the Nanjun area was also in a state of emptiness when the main force of Guan Yu's legion went north to attack Fancheng and Xiangyang. When Liu Bei was attacked by Lu Meng, he also encountered a defensive crisis in this heart area of Jingzhou. Not to mention that in this process, Liu Bei also encountered a series of rebellions between Mi Fang and Fu Shiren and . The two strong cities of Jiangling and the Public Security Bureau were actually lost by abandoning their weapons and surrendering.
In 219 AD, Guan Yu, who thought he was worry-free in Jingzhou, also ushered in the biggest defeat in his life. The facts after
4 also proved all this. In November 219 AD, Lu Meng Lu Xun suddenly launched a raid on the three counties of Jingzhou. Lingling County was quickly cut off its external contacts, and the local defenders also surrendered immediately. Wuling County was caught off guard and was unable to resist, and it was declared to be in a short period of time. The empty Nanjun became vulnerable in the face of the rebel general's surrender of Xiancheng and the long-falling defensive system. Within almost a month, Jingzhou, which Liu Bei had worked hard for many years, was completely lost.
In fact, from the perspective of hindsight, even though Mi Fang and Fu Shiren did not choose to rebel, even if Guan Yu did not attack the Northern Expedition but remained in Nanjun, even if Liu Bei could lead his army to rescue him as soon as he was attacked in Jingzhou. Faced with the defensive system that had long collapsed after the Xiangshui demarcation, Liu Bei's only three counties in Jingzhou could only save one Nanjun in the future, as long as the Nanjun completely gave up the northward attack.
It can be said that when Xiangshui Alliance ended, against the background of a crisis in defense, the three counties of Jingzhou have completely lost the function of going north to attack, and they can only exist as a left-behind area. If Guan Yu fought alone and insisted on his own, what was waiting for him would be the ending of annihilation and death. The key base of the Liu Bei Group, the three counties of Jingzhou, would definitely not be able to be preserved!
In July 219 AD, with Guan Yu, who was guarding Jingzhou, leading his army to fight in the north, the disaster also came to the head of Liu Bei's group!
