In ancient times, Venezuelan was the residence of the Indian Alawaks and Caribbeans. In 1498, Columbus discovered Venezuela. In 1522, Spain's first colony in South America, Nueva Cádiz, was established in today's Venezuela. When the Virreinato de Nueva Granada was established in 1717, Venezuela was planned as a province under its jurisdiction.
In a coup on April 19, 1810, Venezuela broke away from Spanish control and officially declared independence on July 5, but the war did not subside; after years of turmoil, Venezuela finally completely independent in 1821 under the leadership of the famous independence hero of South America, Simon Bolivar. Until 1830, Venezuela, along with neighboring countries such as Colombia, , Panama, and Ecuador, were also part of the Greater Colombian Republic. Later, Venezuela was established independently in 1830, and the Great Colombia also declared collapse.
In the 19th and early 20th centuries, Venezuela was long-awaited by political instability, political struggle and dictatorship. In 1958, the democratic movement eventually forced the military to stop interfering in national affairs. Since that year, a democratic government that was born out of voting replaced military rule.
In 1998, Ugo Chavez was elected as the President of Venezuela for the first time, becoming the first left-wing president in the two hundred years since the founding of Venezuela. After taking office as president the following year, he amended the constitution and extended the president's term from five years to six years, and could be re-elected once. A new National Assembly was established, and the parliament was changed from bicameral to one-cameral to one-cameral to crack down on the old parliament controlled by the opposition. In 2000, the presidential election after the constitutional amendment of Ugo Chavez was elected President of Venezuela for the second time with about 60% of the votes.
On March 7, 2006, the Venezuelan National Assembly passed a plan to modify the national flag and emblem, and decided to increase the 7 stars on the national flag to 8, and change the direction of the horse galloping on the national emblem from right to left.
On December 3, 2006, Venezuela held a presidential election, and Ugo Chavez was successfully re-elected with 63% of the vote, which was also his third time being elected President of Venezuela.
On February 15, 2009, the constitutional amendment was passed through a referendum (voting rate of 67%; votes in favor accounted for 54% and votes against accounted for 46%), and the re-election restrictions on elected officials were lifted, allowing Ugo Chavez to be re-election since 2012.
On October 7, 2012, Venezuela held a presidential election. Ugo Chavez, who had been in power for fourteen years, was successfully re-elected with 54.42% of the vote, which was also the fourth time he was elected President of Venezuela.
