Eastern Han Dynasty The 20th year of Jian'an (215 AD), the military operations between the three major forces, Cao Cao , Liu Bei , and Sun Quan are dazzling.
From March to November of that year, Cao Cao personally conquered Hanzhong , Zhang Lu fled first and then surrendered, and Cao Cao occupied Hanzhong.
In September of that year, there was also "Ba Qi surnamed Yi King Pu Hu, and Du Fu, the marquis of Fengyi, and the people of Feng came to attach the Ba Yi and Feng people" , Cao Cao, and "Then he divided the Ba County, with Hu as the prefect of Badong, and Wu as the prefect of Brazil , Brazil , and all of them were granted the title of marquis." also nominally occupies the Ba County in the northeast of Yizhou .
This is equivalent to Cao Cao's way out of the north by the forces of Yizhou and has occupied the prefectures and counties in Yizhou. He can threaten or directly attack Yizhou at any time.
Although Cao Cao did not follow the advice of advisers such as Sima Yi, Liu Ye and other advisers, and continued to attack the hinterland of Yizhou, leaving only Xiahou Yuan, Zhang He, Xu Huang and others to guard Hanzhong and retreated himself, the threat to the forces of Liu Bei in Yizhou was real.
At the same time, what was Liu Bei, who had just occupied Yizhou for a few months? He personally led an army of 50,000 to Jingzhou to support Guan Yu .
Because Sun Quan asked Liu Bei, who occupied Yizhou, to seek Nanjun, but was rejected by him. Sun Quan was so angry that he sent "then he sent Lu Meng to attack Changsha, Lingling and Guiyang counties" .
So, "first leads 50,000 troops to the police, and ordered Guan Yu to enter Yiyang " , preparing to go to war with Sun Quan.
At this time, Liu Bei learned that Cao Cao had occupied Hanzhong, and was so scared that he quickly signed a peace agreement with Sun Quan. The two sides carried out "Xiangshui demarcation ". Liu Bei led the army back to Chengdu, preparing to deal with possible threats from Cao Cao.
On the way back to Chengdu, "The first lord ordered Zhang Fei to advance to Dangqu, fought with He and others at Wakou, defeated He and others" , Liu Bei recaptured Ba County and drove all the Cao army back to Hanzhong.
. After Sun Quan signed an agreement with Liu Bei, he personally entered Hefei in August of that year, and then experienced the defeat of " Xiaoyaojin Battle ".
Although Sun Quan was defeated in Hefei, he captured Wancheng as early as the 19th year of Jian'an (214 AD), controlled the southern part of Jianghuai and hailed. He could make a comeback at any time, and the threat to Cao's army on the eastern front still existed.
This may also be one of the reasons why Cao Cao did not continue to go deep into Yizhou and retreated, because after Cao Cao returned for a short rest, he sent troops to conquer Sun Quan in October of the 21st year of Jian'an (216 AD).
A large part of the article talks about the military trends of the three parties in the 20th year of Jian'an, mainly because this is the prelude to the launch of the battle between Cao and Liu in Hanzhong and Cao Cao's failure in Hanzhong.
After Cao Cao occupied Hanzhong, he did not continue to put pressure on Liu Bei. Liu Bei quickly compromised with Sun Quan in the direction of Jingzhou. Sun Quan put pressure on Cao Cao on the Eastern Front, giving Liu Bei time to make arrangements, which were all related to the success or failure of the Battle of Hanzhong later.
Cao Cao and Sun Quan were preparing for a big battle on the eastern front. On the western front, Liu Bei, who had a breath of relief, began to actively fight for the war preparations for Hanzhong.
At this time, Liu Bei did not occupy Yizhou for a long time. In theory, he should have rested first. However, Hanzhong is too important and is the gateway to enter and exit Yizhou. It is impossible for Cao Cao to occupy it all the time.
The war between Cao Cao for Hanzhong will surely be a national war, and almost all of Liu Bei's military power, financial power, civil power, etc. are needed to mobilize almost all of Liu Bei's military power, financial power, etc., which requires the support of most classes within the sphere of influence.
There is naturally no problem with the veteran school and the Jingzhou school under Liu Bei. Wherever Liu Bei pointed, they would fight.
The Dongzhou faction among the upper forces of Yizhou (named after the scholars who flowed into the eastern prefectures and counties of Yizhou formed an interest group) also has no problem. For Yizhou, they are actually outsiders. Liu Bei's capture of Yizhou, and the Dongzhou faction made an indelible contribution.
is also Fa Zheng, a member of the Dongzhou School, who officially told Liu Bei about his greatness in the 22nd year of Jian'an (217 AD), and proposed the suggestion of seizing Hanzhong. "The first lord was good at his strategy and led all the generals to Hanzhong" .
But since Liu Bei takes Yizhou as the foundation, he cannot ignore the ideas of the people of Yizhou. If he wants to use the whole country to fight against Cao Cao's occupation of Hanzhong, the people of Yizhou must naturally contribute their efforts, money and people.
Yizhou people, or the key is the attitude of Yizhou scholars who control most of the local resources, is crucial to Liu Bei's support, and Liu Bei also received their support.
In fact, there is also a contribution from Zhao Yun .
When Liu Bei just captured Yizhou, "It is time to discuss the need to distribute the generals with the houses in Chengdu and the mulberry fields outside the city." . Where do these land houses come from? Of course, it will take up the local scholars and people.
is Zhao Yun advised Liu Bei not to do this. He reminded Liu Bei "The people of Yizhou have suffered from military rebellion for the first time, and their land and houses can be returned. Now they live and resume their business, and then they can be transferred to their service and win their favor." .
Zhao Yun's move helped Liu Bei gain a considerable number of scholars and people's hearts, and did not make Liu Bei a hated invader by Yizhou people.
plus Liu Bei actively appoints scholars and wealthy families in Yizhou. For example, Yan Yan , those who are unwilling to serve Liu Bei until their death will not harm them. Gradually, they will conquer the scholars and people in Yizhou.
Since the scholars of Yizhou initially recognized Liu Bei, they naturally care about the safety of Yizhou under Liu Bei's control.
Earlier, after Liu Bei confronted Sun Quan in Jingzhou and received the news that Cao Cao occupied Hanzhong, Huang Quan quickly reminded Liu Bei: "If you lose Hanzhong, Sanba will be depressed, which is the arm of cutting Shu" .
When Liu Bei confronted Cao's army in Hanzhong, and was unable to meet and urgently needed the rear support of the troops, horses, money and food, he also received strong support from the scholars in Yizhou.
At that time, Liu Bei wrote a letter to Zhuge Liang asking Zhuge Liang to raise troops, money and grain to support him. Zhuge Liang naturally firmly supported him, but the military, money and grain cannot be transformed by him if he wants to support him. He also needs to be willing to do so, and he cannot force the sects.
So, Zhuge Liang took Liu Bei's letter and went to find a person named Yang Hong, who was a representative of the scholars in Yizhou.
Although Yang Hong's reputation in history is not as good as Huang Quan, Qiao Zhou and others, this person is a powerful person who can settle all aspects of Yizhou.
In his introduction to him in " Three Kingdoms " , he said that he " Liu Zhang at the time of his ministry" . He served as an official in many prefectures and counties under Yizhou.
Generally speaking, such people are either annoying, unable to do anything, and can only migrate everywhere to become officials, or they are very capable and able to deal with forces in harmony with local areas. If there is any trouble, they will be sent to settle the troubles.
Historical books do not record that Yang Hong is the kind of person who is an annoying, so he is most likely the latter. Otherwise, Zhuge Liang would not have received Liu Bei's letter and no one would have looked for him.
Obviously, Yang Hong has the ability and method to convince most Yizhou scholars to support Liu Bei, and his own statement is crucial.
Yang Hong did not disappoint Zhuge Liang, and directly expressed his opinion that Shuzhong must join the war together: "Hanzhong is the throat of Yizhou, and the opportunity for survival and death. If there is no Hanzhong, there will be no Shu. This is the disaster for the family.In the matter today, men should fight and women should be lucky. Why do you doubt sending troops? "
Yang Hong's statement means that all the local forces in Yizhou must also move and begin to fully support Liu Bei on the front line of Hanzhong. "Men are the war, women are the luck" . This is the real national mobilization.
In May of the 24th year of Jian'an (219 AD), the battle in Hanzhong ended, and Cao Cao Withdrawal, Liu Bei won the victory with the full support of all forces in Yizhou.
Liu Bei was able to win the battle in Hanzhong because his military strength was stronger than Cao Cao. In fact, Cao Cao was exhausted to take the initiative to give up the battle in Hanzhong. To achieve this, the support of local forces in Yizhou was the top priority.
It is important to say that the scholars in Yizhou had completely returned to Liu Bei at that time. The heart is unlikely. After all, the time is still short. They fully support Liu Bei, probably don’t want to encounter war again.
The local forces in Yizhou have been relatively conservative since ancient times. They only want to hide in Yizhou and enjoy the blessings. Yizhou has Chengdu Plain to rely on, and there is no shortage of food. If you close the door, you should be as leisurely as you want.
When Liu Bei seized Yizhou, the people of Yizhou had already passed After a war, they probably didn't want to experience it again. After spending one or two years with Liu Bei, they thought Liu Bei was okay. If Cao Cao was replaced, they didn't know what kind of character the other party was. If he was a cruel person, it would be troublesome.
So, although the scholars in Yizhou did not support the Shuhan Group's Northern Expedition later, they were still very concerned about defending the Yizhou local area.
Yang Hong also said that if Hanzhong was lost, It is "The disaster of this family" . Liu Bei wanted to close this door, and they were willing to work hard.
Later generations Song Dynasty During the period of Renzong, an old scholar who often failed the imperial examinations in anger wrote in the anti-poem "Burn the broken sword gate and burn the plank road, and Xichuan is different from the world" is actually the true mood reaction of the ancient Yizhou people.
does not want to experience the war again, and hopes to hide in Yizhou and live a good life. This is probably the main reason why the scholars in Yizhou were grateful to Liu Bei's Huairou policy, and also fully supported Liu Bei's struggle for Hanzhong.
6 of course Liu Bei made a profit. He wanted to seize Hanzhong, and for Yi The people of the state still guard their homes. When Shu Han was about to attack, the scholars of Yizhou were not so easy to talk.
When Liu Bei was going to conquer the Eastern Wu, Qin Bi came out to oppose it. Zhuge Liang and his successors wanted to fight the northern expedition. The big bosses in Shu like Qiao Zhou also opposed it. When Deng Ai attacked the city of Chengdu, Qiao Zhou strongly urged Liu Chan to surrender. At that time, they were not as good as "A man was War, women should be lucky" mentality.
References: "Three Kingdoms" "Zizhi Tongjian"
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