Lenin's tomb is located in the middle of the red wall of the Kremlin on the west side of the Red Square of Moscow.
When we arrived at Moscow it was late September when the autumn was clear and cool. Over Red Square , the sky was high and the clouds were light, and it was clear and pleasant. The tall and ancient buildings around you exude a fragrant and rich atmosphere of history and culture, making you linger and sigh. It is a little regretful that the center of Red Square surrounding Lenin’s tomb is being repaired, or perhaps it is preparing for the upcoming Russian National Day. Long barbed wire was pulled up all week, separating tourists from Lenin’s tomb.
Standing in the distance, looking around, Lenin's tomb seems simple, simple, short, but very solemn, solemn and sacred. The appearance of the mausoleum is a three-stage step-shaped cube that has been reduced in sequence. The first floor is the center of the mausoleum - the memorial hall, where the crystal coffin of Chen Fangleining's body is here; above is the stone-level seat leading to the reviewing stand; up is the five steps of different heights and a colonnade composed of 36 pillars; on the top is a two-stage-shaped flat roof, which is a review platform, where the parade and armed forces are inspected during National Day.
This small reviewing stand once happened and witnessed one major historical event after another in the former Soviet Union. After the tour guide introduced this, Stalin suddenly appeared in front of me on November 7, 1941, standing here, waving his powerful arms, loudly uttering "Under the banner of Lenin, towards victory, move forward!" The heroic posture of shouting. In an instant, I seemed to be infected by this empty scene, full of passion and surging my chest.
There are so many tourists around, shoulder to shoulder. I stood there, but couldn't move. I seemed to see Lenin, a small giant who had created a new era, was only 1.62 meters tall, covered with the red party flag and national flag, his eyes were closed, and he was lying peacefully in the crystal coffin, as if he was asleep, so calm and so natural.
For a moment, I thought about it for thousands of years and was in great turmoil. In the blink of an eye, I suddenly heard Lenin's passionate speech against the workers and peasants in the fierce sound of gunfire. When I came to my senses, I seemed to see Lenin lying on his desk with a serious expression. When I looked up, what floated in my eyes was the clouds rolling in the sky, but what appeared in my mind was the lonely and desolate figure of Lenin exiled Siberia ; when I stared, I saw the Russian flag flying high above the Presidential Palace of the Kremorin Palace, but I was lying on the sickbed in my mind. Lenin was holding his wife Krupskaya whispering...
1918 On August 30, Lenin was about to step onto the car after giving a speech to workers at the Mikherson factory in the suburbs of Moscow, an Browning pistol reached out at a close distance of three steps away. In the sharp whistling of three gunshots, Lenin fell down. The first bullet hit Lenin's left shoulder, the second shot hit his left chest and passes through the neck, and the third shot hits a woman who is talking to him. After rescue, Lenin miraculously survived. However, due to the special location of the second bullet, the doctor was unable to remove the bullet from it.
Although Lenin's physical condition gradually recovered, it was no longer as good as before. The situation of Soviet Russia was in ruins forced Lenin to work day and night, and Lenin's physical condition was getting worse. It was not until April 1922 that a German doctor performed surgery on Lenin and removed the bullet that had remained in his body for 600 days. Unfortunately, Lenin started suffering a stroke less than a month after the operation, and his right side was partially paralyzed; in December of the same year, a second stroke occurred, and Lenin had to stop his political activities. In March of the following year, Lenin suffered a third stroke and has been bedridden and has lost his ability to express language.
On the evening of January 21, 1924, a giant, Lenin, left the Soviet Socialist Republic of his beloved forever in the village of Gorky in the suburbs of Moscow. That year, he was 54 years old.
After Lenin's death, in order to commemorate him, the Soviet government hurriedly built a temporary tomb with wooden structure in Red Square in Moscow in order to commemorate him, and used modern anti-corrosion technology to mummify Lenin's body and preserved it in a crystal coffin for the world to admire. A Shushev was awarded the honorary title of "Soviet Meritorial Architect".
A Shushev later designed a plan for Lenin's tomb, which was a magnificent building in the shape of a tower. At the top was a sculpture Lenin shouting at, with extraordinary momentum. However, due to the huge cost of implementing this design plan, it was not adopted by the Soviet government in the end.
In 1925, Lenin's tomb was rebuilt, appearing more majestic, but still made of wooden structure; in 1929, the Soviet government rebuilt the tomb with polished red granite and black marble.
During World War II , due to the invasion of fascist Germany. Lenin's body was transported by train to Qiumingzhou, far away from the capital Moscow. However, due to the arduous and harsh conditions during the war, the body did not receive constant low temperature care and began to rot. By the time Lenin's body was transported back to Moscow by the victory of World War II, one leg and part of the body's left limb had been intercepted and artificial prosthetic limbs were installed. At this time, the crystal coffin was replaced with a new one and the interior of the mausoleum was renovated.
In 1953, after Stalin's death, his body was placed in a crystal coffin and placed in Lenin's tomb. In 1961, Soviet anti-Stalin calls were rampant. Stalin's body was secretly transferred from Lenin's tomb overnight to be buried in the tomb of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union at the instruction of the Soviet leaders such as Khrushchev .
Soon after, Lenin's body began to rot again. In desperation, Khrushchev, then the supreme leader of the Soviet Union, discussed with medical staff and decided to separate the yet-rotten head from the torso and make a mannequin to replace the original body. Lenin's torso was cremated and his head was mounted on an artificial body. Everything is done seamlessly and perfectly.
At the end of 1991, the socialist country of , created by Lenin, collapsed, and the funds for the maintenance of Lenin's body that were once allocated by the Soviet government have never been settled. The issue of the migration of Lenin’s tomb and where Lenin’s body went has become the most discussed topic in Russia in the past 20 years, from the president of the country to the common people. The "First Guard" who once had a glorious glory, even represented the image of the Soviet Union and guarded Lenin's tomb, evacuated from then on 20 years ago and quietly moved to the Monument to the Unsung Heroes next to Red Square.
Looking at Lenin's tomb from afar, I was thinking that a great man who was powerful in his lifetime was repeatedly tossed by others after his death, and even the last corpse was left with less than one-tenth of his head. Is this a kind of respect for the leader or an unintentional blasphemy?
The gentle voice of my wife brought me back to reality from the imagination of history. Turning around, I saw a constant stream of people from all over the world, composed of yellow, white and black skin colors. They just hurriedly turned their eyes to the cold and depressed tomb of Lenin in the distance, and then quickly moved to other more lively and tall buildings, leaving in a hurry.
Lenin's greatest contribution was the creation of the Soviet Union, the first socialist country in the world, and thus the theoretical guide for the entire socialist camp - Leninism.
There is actually only one essence of Leninism, that is, keep pace with the times, because practice is the only criterion for testing truth. This is not only reflected in that Lenin broke through Marx's theoretical system that socialist revolution can only win in developed capitalist countries, but based on Russia's special national conditions, it proposed that the socialist revolution can first win in one or several backward capitalist countries, and achieve success in practice. It is also reflected in that during the process of Russian socialist revolutionization, Lenin was constantly correcting his theory.
Shortly after the victory of the Soviet Union's socialist revolution in October, Lenin took it for granted that he began to implement the "war-time communist policy". He wanted to further turn the ambition of his ancestor Marx into reality - completely eliminate all private ownership , not only should all capitalist private ownership , but also, in his words, it is "prohibiting the establishment of private vegetable gardens, prohibiting the private breeding of small livestock and domestic animals, etc.", and even the individual economy must be eliminated.
The laws of social and historical development are not transferred by the will of anyone - even if he is a great man -.
Lenin failed, and it was a crushing defeat.
In just two years from 1921 to 1922, more than 5 million people (mostly victims of the Volga river bank) died of famine and plague.
Lenin began to reflect.
He finally concluded that abolishing private ownership of land "there is nothing economically impossible. The difficulty lies in making them care about personal interests."
Lenin frankly admitted that he had made a mistake. He said guiltily, "We originally planned (or rather, we did not have sufficient bases to affirm) directly use the laws of the proletarian state to adjust the country's production and product distribution according to communist principles in a small peasant country. Real life shows that we have made a mistake."
Regrettably, Lenin passed away prematurely before he could participate in leading the practical activities of socialist construction and failed to provide scientific theories for socialist construction.
Lenin's departure made his successor take his unfinished theories as universal truths and carry forward them. Unfortunately, Lenin was not a god. His people were deified, his theory was "meritary". The socialist system, which was praised by Marxism-Lenin, became a compound of the terrible feudal autocratic system, but it was just named socialism.
Give the people the freedom to eat and dress, give the general public the power to be the master of their own affairs, and give the world equal opportunities for equal fraternity. This is the most basic goal of socialism envisioned by Marx and Lenin, and all other political and economic systems serve it.
treats the purpose as a means and treats the means as an end. The first socialist country created by Lenin himself finally came to an end in chaos - when all Lenin's theories were regarded as dogma by his successors, and the spirit of his theory was not understood and implemented, the tragedy was inevitable.
British Prime Minister Churchill said: "He overturned everything, overturned God, king, country, morality, judgment, debt, rent, interests, law and centuries of customs, and he overturned the entire historical structure of human society. Finally, he overturned himself." When he left Red Square, Churchill's words suddenly popped out of my mind for no reason.
2012.10.5.
Author profile
Li Linzhi, a historian, has published more than ten works including "The Ancestral Chinese", "The Past of Family and Country", "Ancestors, Ancestors", "Yuan China Times", and "Pre-China Times". Among them, the three works "Pre-China Era: The Scene of the Huaxia Earth from 4000 BC to 2300 BC" and "Yuan China Era: The Scene of the Huaxia Earth from 2300 BC to 1800 BC" and "Eight Hundred Years of the Shang Dynasty in the Late Xia: The Early China Era from the Perspective of the Great Historical Perspective" published by the Research Press, constitute a complete ancient history system from 4000 BC to 1046 BC. It is the first series of books at home and abroad that use archaeology combined with bibliography to reveal the historical development context of Huangdi to the early Zhou Dynasty.
"Eight Hundred Years of the Shang Dynasty in the Late Summer" has been published by Research Press in June 2022, and has been selected as the recommended list of Chang'an Street Reading Club June 2022, 5th issue of good books, Baidao.com July 2022, China Publishing Group July 2022, and China Social Science Network "Social Science Good Books", Toutiao Good Books and other recommendations.
"Eight hundred years of the Shang Dynasty in the late summer: Early China era from a large historical perspective", written by Li Linzhi, Research Press, June 2022
