(image of Duke Wen of Jin)
In 636 BC, the monarch of the State of Jin was Duke Wen of Jin.
This guy is amazing.
Duke Wen of Jin was originally the prince of Jin State. He fled due to civil strife and left for nineteen years.
Sleeping in the open air and wandering on the streets. Duke Wen of Jin begged to others in a humble manner, and once snatched food from wild dogs on the roadside.
He once fought with other beggars because of half a piece of rotten steamed bun, and his life was hanging on the line because he couldn't eat for several days.
Heaven and earth are unkind, and they regard all things as straw dogs. However, the young Duke Wen of Jin was not even as good as a dog.
However, even though it is so bitter and hard, it is still worth it in the end.
After nineteen years of exile, Duke Wen of Jin finally returned to Jin and became the monarch of Jin.
is different from the monarchs of Jin State. Duke Wen of Jin, who has experienced this, seems to have a unique characteristic on him.
If the sufferings in the past were an oppression of human nature for Duke Wen of Jin, then the oppressed human nature often goes to two extremes.
The first type is that because of the injustice of fate and the persecution of life, a person becomes bored and hatred of society, and then becomes a "spring effect". How much humiliation and pain he has endured, he will definitely take revenge on society and others after being proud.
And this is like a spring constantly affected by force. The greater the force it is squeezed, the greater the force it rebounds.
(spring effect)
And the second type of people are heading in a completely different direction.
The more they are tortured by life, the more they can feel the difficulty of living, the more they are ravaged by pain, the hard-won the happy life, making them cherish the peaceful days, and thus develop a heart that is compassionate and compassionate to everything.
The more people are not treated with kindness, the more they can recognize kindness, and the kinder they are.
And Duke Wen of Jin is obviously the latter.
"Shuoyuan ": Duke Wen So he sympathized with China's weakness, Ren Jiujian, Xianzhen , Yang Chufu , hiding the people, raising military soldiers, and four years of political determination...
Duke Wen of Jin, who became the king, realized the difficulties and difficulties of the people's lives, so after he ascended the throne, he cultivated his moral politics, treated the people well, and cared for his subordinates. After his governance, Jin State quickly flourished, showing a vigorous and upward development atmosphere.
Before Jin State, there were two powerful countries in the Spring and Autumn Period, one was Qi State , and the other was Qin State .
The reason why Qi is powerful is because Qi was a big business when it was founded by Jiang Ziya . It is an old-fashioned power. It has a strong foundation, but no matter how strong the foundation is, it cannot withstand the passage of time. It has been passed down from generation to generation, and the family's foundation has been created, so Qi quickly lost its attitude of becoming a strong country.
The reason why Qin State is powerful is because The Qin people were originally in the western frontier. When Rong Di invaded at all times, the Qin people developed a brave and warlike nature. The whole people were soldiers, and they were farming and fighting, so they were able to become powerful for a while.
But the problem is that only focusing on military affairs but not on people's livelihood and economy, Qin is destined to be a lame giant, and his powerful state cannot last for too long.
(Jin and Chu battle for hegemony)
Qi and Qin have been desolate one after another, while Jin and Chu , two rising stars, gradually stepped onto the main stage of history.
Both Jin and Chu want to become the overlord of Spring and Autumn , but there is only one position for the overlord, and conflicts will inevitably arise between the two countries.
Jin State is ready to go, and Chu State is in a more intense state and begins to provoke a war.
In 633 BC, the Chu State organized a large army and began to attack Song State .The intention of
is really too obvious.
The two countries of Jin and Song are in good terms. The entire Spring and Autumn circles know that Song State is the horseman of Jin State. Chu State attacks Song State, which is obviously provoking Jin State.
Now the maid is in trouble. What should you do if you are the big brother?
To be honest, it is difficult for Jin State to deal with.
If the State of Song is not saved, it means that the State of Jin has recognized the hegemony of Chu, which is equivalent to the State of Jin surrendering to the State of Chu's military in disguise. The face of our State of Jin will be lost in a confused manner.
If you want to save face, you have to send troops to help the State of Song. But the problem is that, first of all, the overall strength of Jin is not as strong as that of Chu. If you really want to fight, whoever loses and wins. Secondly, Song is far away from Jin, and there are also Cao State and Wei State in the middle. Whether it is necessary to say it, these two countries are still allies of Chu State.
So, there are many difficulties in supporting Song.
Faced with this situation, Duke Wen of Jin was a little confused and didn't know what to do for a moment.
At this time, the protagonist of this article Xian Zhen stood up.
(Xian Zhen image)
Xian Zhen, a general of Jin State, and a confidant of Duke Wen of Jin.
The reason why this kind-hearted man advised Duke Wen of Jin to send troops was very simple and very neat, that is:
Our Jin State is also a bit of a fortune. If we lose this battle, we can fight again, but if we don’t fight, it will lose your face, and it will be a big drop. If we want to find it back, it will be difficult.
We now regard ourselves as big brothers. Now that something has happened to the maid, we don’t reach out, how can we become big brothers in the future? Who is willing to follow us in the future? The rhetoric of
sounds very nonsense, but it is very effective for Duke Wen of Jin.
Some kings are greedy for life, some are afraid of death, some are lustful, and some are cherishing wealth, but Duke Wen of Jin does not belong to this list.
Nineteen years of wandering life made him re-understand the meaning of money, power and life. In the eyes of this king, the only thing he valued was no longer his personal safety, but the glory of Jin.
The glory in Jin Wengong's heart is what Comrade Xian Zhen said.
Therefore, Duke Wen of Jin decided to send troops to aid the Song Dynasty and fight against the Chu State.
Xian Zhen dared to incite Duke Wen of Jin to aid Song and attack Chu, which shows that he has confidence in this war.
As expected, our Comrade Xian Zhen led a large army to launch a surprise attack, quickly defeating the Chu army and resolving the crisis of the Song State.
This war, I generally call it " Battle of Chengpu ".
The Battle of Chengpu is a very typical war.
Before this war, the war pattern in the Spring and Autumn Period was very fixed.
For example, before the war, the two countries should first make an appointment for a time, a place, and a method of combat (whether it is hand-to-hand combat or chariot combat). No sneak attacks, no fraud, and no secret tutoring, and read strategy books such as "War Discussion" and " Sun Tzu's Art of War ".
, and Xianzhen was the first to break this rule. He did not follow the rules, did not stick to the rules, was good at surprise attacks, and was elusive, so he quickly defeated the Chu army.
(Battle of Chengpu)
This small-scale war has not been widely written in history books, but this is a vivid manifestation of war technology.
In 628 BC, after re-establishing the position of overlord of the Spring and Autumn Period of Jin State, Duke Wen of Jin quietly passed away.
Life is as gorgeous as summer flowers, and death is as quiet as autumn leaves. For this outstanding king of the Spring and Autumn Period, he has no regrets in his life.
Donald Wen died, and Duke Wen's son Duke Xiang ascended the throne.
However, at this critical moment of Jin's funeral, Qin State, which was in the western front, suddenly launched an attack on Jin State.
Originally, the Qin army was raiding for a long distance to sneak attack the allies of Jin Zheng . However, the embarrassing thing was that the Qin army had been discovered by Zheng before Zheng was still alive. Zheng was martial law nationwide, and the Qin army had no place to attack, so they had to withdraw their troops.
On the way to withdraw his troops, Qin State happened to pass by another ally of Jin State, Hua State. The Qin State had nowhere to vent, so he simply captured and destroyed Hua State, and then left in disappointment.
If you slide the state-owned lines, it will probably look like this:
I me? I was shot while lying down?
Friends, at this time, the national mourning had just begun, and Duke Wen of Jin had not had time to be buried. Jin's overlord status was so provoked by the Qin army. It was really unbearable for scholars to tolerate, and uncles could not bear it even if their aunts could not bear it!
Duke Xiang of Jin was furious and immediately sent Xian Zhen to conquer Qin. This time, Xian Zhen showed his amazing war creativity.
Our Comrade Xian Zhen did not lead the army to cross Hangu Pass to attack the Qin army's land, but ordered the soldiers to advance at full speed and take a small path to catch up with the Qin army, thus setting up an ambush on the way the Qin army could return. After entering the ambush circle, the Qin army was unprepared and was killed by Xian Zhen and returned home in a desperate situation. (To be precise, it has not been returned)
The Qin army generals were very collapsed. They used to fight head-on, either siege the city or defend the city. How could they fight like this?
"Records of the Grand Historian": Attacking it will defeat the Qin army, and no one will escape. The three generals of Qin were captured and returned.
The Qin army was frightened by this sudden surprise from the sky, and the entire army was wiped out.
Yes, the entire army here is annihilated, not an adjective, but a real word. The Qin army was either killed or captured, and none of them ran away.
(Battle of Wu)
This war in which the Jin army defeated the Qin army was called the "Battle of Wu". Although the "Battle of Wu" is even less well-known than the "Battle of Chengpu", it is the first ambush in history since historical records.
From this day on, the sports meeting between the countries in the Spring and Autumn Period was no longer aligned with the sports meeting, and Chinese war history officially entered the era of war art.
In the records of "Records of the Grand Historian" just cited, we can see the record of "the three generals of Qin returned to the country", which means that Xian Zhen captured three senior generals of the Qin army in the war.
The war etiquette of in the Spring and Autumn Period was still very good, so this kind of enemy general was basically released after being locked up for two or three years. Although he could not return to Qin , he could at least be banned in Jin State for his remaining life.
But this time, the situation is a bit different.
The mother of Duke Xiang of Jin Huaiying is the woman of the king of Qin Duke Mu of Qin . The princess of Qin sympathized with the life of Qin generals, so she begged her son to release the three Qin generals back to the country.
All the mother spoke, and the son would naturally not refuse. So Duke Xiang of Jin waved his hand and the three Qin generals were able to return to Qin.
(Madam Huaiying’s image)
Jin Xiangong As soon as he touched his mouth, the three prisoners went home, but this made Xian Zhen very angry.
My Lord King, I led the soldiers of the Jin army to fight to the death. I finally caught three living people. How difficult it is. You said you would let them go. Do you cherish the fruits of our labor too much?
"Zuo Zhuan of the Spring and Autumn Period": Spit on his face without hesitation.
Xian Zhen was very angry when he saw Duke Xiang of Jin, he couldn't help it for a moment, and spitted a mouthful of phlegm on the ground (presumably to express indignation), and then left.
saliva fell to the ground, and Xian Zhen regretted it a little.
After all, I am a subordinate, and Duke Xiang of Jin is the king. I spit in front of him, which is too disrespectful to others.
However, Xian Zhen's uncivilized behavior of spitting everywhere was understood by Duke Xiang of Jin. Duke Xiang of Jin said that it was originally my favoritism, but I was wrong. If someone spits, spits. It's no big deal.
If Duke Xiang of Jin was furious and punished Xian Zhen, then Xian Zhen would not think it was a big deal. However, Duke Xiang of Jin was so noble and honest, and he did not pursue the matter at all, but Xian Zhen's face turned red and he was a little overwhelmed.
So, Comrade Xian Zhen rushed into the enemy formation alone in a battle between Jin State and Di State , and died on the battlefield in a manner of atonement.
On this day, at this moment, facing the whistling Beidi Iron Cavalry, the Shangqing of Jin State, and the Marshal of the Central Army, suddenly remembered the scenery on the battlefield.
The golden swords and iron horses are engulfed in the mountains and rivers, the cold wind is solemn, accompanied by the horn of the sound of gold and withdrawal.
Before dying, the last sentence that Xian Zhen left to this world is as follows:
Before I offended the monarch. Although the monarch did not punish me, I always felt sorry for it. Today, let me atone for my sins with death.
general Xianzhen died just like that.
(Die calmly)
In today's opinion, Xian Zhen's way of death seems a bit magical, so that the author did not know how to evaluate him until the end of the writing.
However, many things, many things, and many people in this world are like this.
can't explain it clearly and cannot explain it clearly. All we can know is that these bizarre past events have indeed happened.
and this is enough.
