In many modern film and television works, we often hear the mysterious name " Six Gate ". Most of the people who work in it are constables who walk in the world, have high martial arts skills, are furious and angry, and are decisive in killing. It is a bit similar to the "Jinyiwei" of Ming Dynasty . The "iron hand", "ruthless", "cold-blooded" and "chasing life" in the famous novel "Four Famous Captains" all belong to the "Six Gate".
Some people say that this "Six Doors" is just an institution fabricated by the novel author and does not exist in official history. Some people say that "Six Doors" is the synonym for the ancient "official government office", and "Six Doors" actually refers to the ancient government office.
So the question is, we all know that " Jinyiwei " is the official official compilation of the Ming Dynasty. So what kind of organization is the "Six Gates" in film and television works? Is there any official compilation of the imperial court in official history, and who are there any people in it?
To solve these problems, we must first figure out the origin of the name "Six Doors".
In ancient China, the construction of government government offices was strictly restricted by laws and etiquette during construction design - no matter how big the government you were, the main gate of the government office could only have three rooms (the horizontal space between the two pillars is one room), and two black lacquered wooden doors were installed in each room, with a total of six doors, so the government offices at that time were commonly known as "six doors".
In addition, there are rules for three or six of them. The two doors that are open on a daily basis are left and right doors. Ordinary people can only enter and exit through the right door. When officials come, they can walk through the left door (the left is respected), and only when the boss comes will the middle door be opened. Since the implementation of three provinces and six ministries in the Sui Dynasty, all government offices have been designed with three doors and six doors, and the "six doors" have gradually become synonymous with government offices. Since it is an official yamen, it is necessary to hear various disputes and cases that arise among the people, so the "Six Gates" gradually became the collective name of the three courts of the imperial courts.
Then what is Sanfashi ? According to the Qin Dynasty's "Book of Shang Jun·Dingfen": "The emperor appointed three judges, one judge in the palace, one judge in the censor, one judge and official, and one judge in the prime minister." This is the earliest three judicial departments in my country's history.
In layman's terms, the Three Justice Departments are a bit similar to today's courts, public security bureaus and procuratorates, but their names are slightly different in various dynasties in history. Han Dynasty period refers to the Tingwei, the Censor Central Censor and the Sili School; the Tang and Song Dynasties refer to the Dali Temple, the Ministry of Justice and Censorate ; the Yuan Dynasty period refers to the Dazhong Prefecture, the Ministry of Justice and the Xuanzhengyuan ; the Ming and Qing Dynasties refer to the Ministry of Justice, the Dali Temple and the Dushi Censorate . The yamen where these state institutions are located is the San Fasi Department yamen. After the Ming Dynasty, if there were more difficult and difficult cases across the country, the emperor would generally order these three institutions to participate in the trial at the same time. This is the famous " three departments to review " system in history.
Since the "Six Gates" is the collective name of the Three Laws and the symbol of the legal system and power in ancient feudal society, why are most of the people who serve the "Six Gates" in the novels the constable?
This has to start with the profession of constables. Constables are low-level officials in the government government offices, but in ancient times they were "lowly careers" and their descendants could not take the imperial examinations. Even if they later left the industry of constables, their descendants were not allowed to take the exam. They can be said to be a group that was highly discriminated against in the officialdom.
In addition, there is no fixed rule for the police room where the constable is located. Some government offices use a side room as a police room, and some police room is not even in the yamen at all. For example, during the Qing Dynasty, the Ministry of Justice issued a document to capture prisoners. In the capital, the capital city is generally completed by 5 City Military and Horses or the infantry commander's yamen, and outside the capital city, it is completed by local yamen. So essentially, the police station may not be qualified to have six doors, and the constables are likely not worthy of living in the yamen where the "six doors" are located.
Although these constables had no identity or status in ancient times, they liked to claim openly that they worked in the government office, that is, to play in the "Six Gates". So in this way, they spread one by one in the "Jianghu". Now the staff in the "Six Gates" of film and television works have become well-known constables.
In addition, there are several legends about the "Six Gate" in history, but they rarely appear in official history records:
1. It is said that in the early days of the Tang Dynasty, the Ministry of Justice had a subordinate organization called "Six Gate". They secretly trained a group of teenagers into "hawks" of the court, specifically dealing with and solving the remnants of the peasant uprising at the end of the Sui Dynasty and the green forest tycoons in various places. Later, with the social stability of the Tang Dynasty, the "Six Gate" organization gradually withdrew from the stage of history.
2. It is said that There was also an organization called "Six Gates" during the period of the Song Dynasty, and it was directly under the emperor. It was specifically investigated and dealt with some matters that were not allowed to be on the table for the emperor himself, so no clear record was left.
3. Another saying is that during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, the court established a secret organization that integrates martial arts masters, spies, convicts and killers, called the "Six Gates". They acted strangely and had fierce means, and they specifically handled major cases, so they were famous in the world for a while. It is said that this organization also made great contributions to the "eunuch party" led by Emperor Chongzhen in the late Ming Dynasty.
It is necessary to emphasize here that the above three statements about "Six Doors" are limited to the legend of the rivers and lakes, and no clear records have been found in official history, so this also adds a bit of mystery to the name "Six Doors" in modern film and television works.
Generally speaking, the "Six Gates" actually refers to the ancient "official government office", and the staff in it are nothing more than the ancient version of "civil servants". Those low-level officials similar to "constables" claim to be "Six Gates" in order to show their presence. Over time, the name of "Six Gates" spread throughout the world, and this name has gradually become a "mysterious institution" written by novels and screenwriters.
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Reference materials: "Shang Jun Book" and other
