China from the 1920s to 1940s was an era of revolution and war. Because of the special historical environment, after the Xinhai Revolution, local political and military forces actually dominated the political and social management rights of each province, and society formed a situation where various political and military regimes competed with each other without achieving national unity. Such situations have brought relaxed and feasible practical conditions to the publicity and implementation of various theories for saving the country and building the country. At that time, there were not only propagandists of Western constitutional theory, but also those who supported imperial power and authoritarian power, not only anarchists, but also theoretical propagandists who advocated proletarian dictatorship and established socialism, and of course, there were also the political power of the Kuomintang that promoted the Three Democratic Democracy.
Because the new regime (republic regime) is still in the initial establishment, and because the political and military forces are evenly matched, there is a temporary balance. All kinds of political, ideological and political propositions have been applied, promoted and implemented. In political practice, some theories were gradually recognized by people: although the theory of constitutional decentralization was advocated by some politicians and scholars of the Xinhai Revolution, they practiced to maintain their monarchy in the Qing Dynasty, and their administrative power was returned to the republic system mastered by the government elected by political parties. Because Yuan Shikai actually controlled the political and military power of the country and society, he reached an agreement to overthrow the Qing Dynasty in consultation and negotiations with Sun Yat-sen, a representative of the Kuomintang political power.
The new regime has many twists and turns in its operation, and Yuan Shikai's political and military power is not restricted by political power. After several peaceful political games with the Kuomintang, it developed into the political situation of the revolutionary party's retaliation against Yuan and Yuan Shikai's proclaimed emperor. After Yuan's death, China fell into a social situation where powerful warlords ruled the side. Historical facts show that the concept of constitutional democracy is not abide by the soil and deviates from reality in China's political practice, and cannot achieve the results it deserves. Although the Kuomintang’s concept of the Three Principles of the People played a role in calling for the unity of the people in overthrowing the Qing political struggle, they could not come up with more convincing policy propositions in the face of the political status of warlords' separatist state.
only in terms of the profound, completeness and practicality of ideas and concepts, the Marx socialist revolution theory sent by the October Revolution was warmly welcomed by young people and people of lofty ideals. It not only provides a set of Datong social ideals that everyone is equal, but also provides a set of Leninist party-building ideas characterized by iron discipline. At that time, these ideas were not only welcomed by Communists, reformists, revolutionaries and revolutionary youth, but also accepted by many Kuomintang members. Many important members of the Kuomintang joined the Communist Party in their early years. Chiang Kai-shek sent his son to the Soviet Union to study political and military thoughts. These facts show that socialist theory is supported by people from all walks of life who hope to build a new China.
Experience in dissemination of theoretical concepts shows that in the process of social development and construction, as long as there are practical problems that need to be solved, there are possible conditions for solving practical problems. Especially with a political environment that uses systems and mechanisms to solve social problems, advanced scientific theories will always stand out and become the theoretical concepts that people are rushing to learn from and advocate. In the process of propaganda and development of revolutionary theory, Chairman Mao and his comrades-in-arms’ creative theoretical application and theoretical development are important factors that guide the success of the revolution in my country’s socialist revolution theory and are supported by hundreds of millions of revolutionaries.
Russia Because its economic development level far exceeds China, its revolution mainly relies on the urban riots of the working class. However, the copying of this theoretical dogma is the failure of domestic urban riots and uprisings again and again. The experiences and lessons of the revolutionary struggle made Chairman Mao and his comrades understand a truth: China's revolution must rely on peasants who account for the vast majority of the population, and the revolution must be carried out in poor areas where counter-revolutionary forces are weak and hundreds of millions of people have no hope of survival. Represent the people there and work hard for their interests, so as to gain the support of the people.Only by establishing a solid revolutionary base, establishing a political and military unity of the people, and establishing a people's regime can one succeed and win in the competition with other political parties.
Chairman Mao’s theory on surrounding cities in the countryside, about "Why can the Red Power of China exist" and other works, all creatively developed Marxism. The revolutionary army-building thought built by his branch was built in the company, and it was an important idea that the army led by the Communist Party was completely different from all other old armies, and became an important magic weapon for the success of the Chinese revolution.
In addition to the advanced nature of the socialist revolution theory and the support and pursuit of millions of people, the advanced nature of the party's organizational theory and military organization theory is also the fundamental reason why the party's base government, the party's army are very different from the Kuomintang regime and the warlord separatist regime, and are highly aspired by hundreds of millions of people and the vast number of young students.
Because of the common social ideal of Datong and the common founding thought, people in various social status have brought together. Because of the advanced ideas of building the Party and the Communist Party’s army have made the Communist Party’s organizations and the Communist army more united and united, and more dedicated to the people, the interests of the party organizations and the people’s army than other political parties in the same era. Because there is no personal, family, or family property that needs to be maintained, no privileges and vested interests that need to be maintained, Chairman Mao and his comrades can overcome all difficulties and difficulties, abandon all personal interests and even lives, and fight bloody for the revolution, socialist ideals, and for the New China. There are many outstanding representatives among these comrades-in-arms: Zhu De, Peng Dehuai, Zhang Wentian, Deng Xiaoping, Chen Yi , and Qu Qiubai.
It is precisely because of the advanced nature of the Communist Party’s organization and military-building thought that when the Kuomintang was hit by various warlord forces and it was difficult to gain a foothold, Sun Yat-sen adopted the flexible political strategy of assisting workers and peasants in , Russia and Communist Party . This has brought about earth-shaking changes in the mass work, military work and social organization work of the Kuomintang, which have new organizational power. In the end, the Kuomintang-led Northern Expedition Army won victory after victory and was supported by the people of all parts of the country.
is the party's advanced nature in organizational theory and military building thoughts during the armed revolution of Chiang Kai-shek after the rebellion of the Party, which also made the Kuomintang and local separatist regimes look inferior. It is proof that the Communist Party’s army and its regime can be established steadily in poor areas like Shaanxi, Gansu and Ningxia, and become a holy place in the hearts of progressive young people.
During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, many troops of the Kuomintang did not dare to face the enemy, but retreated in a hurry. Many of the troops left behind the enemy also became puppet troops and accomplices of the Japanese invaders. However, the Eighth Route Army, the New Fourth Army, was only a matter of numbers, but they advanced into the enemy's back and continued to grow and grow behind the enemy. By the end of the War of Resistance Against Japan, it had become a powerful political and military force with more than 2 million regular troops and millions of militias. When the Kuomintang and the Communist Party began a new round of political and military competition, the advanced nature of the Party’s socialist theory, as well as excellent party building ideas, military building ideas and its practices, showed its strength and invincibility time and time again.
major battles, the Kuomintang's defeat, and the classic battles, the Kuomintang army's battlefield was inexplicably performed, which is a typical manifestation of this kind of organization and army with different ideas and concepts having completely different combat powers. Take a look at how Chiang Kai-shek trained Huangpu students who valued his own and excluded soldiers and military talents from other factions. You will know how much his army is employed by others. Take a look at how the army and senior officials under Chiang Kai-shek are, in addition to fighting, they also have to consider whether they are the direct descendants of Chiang Kai-shek. When the Kuomintang army enters my territory, do you want to take my old nest? The Kuomintang army reinforced friendly forces, but deliberately delayed because it was not a direct line.
In contrast, as long as senior officials of the Communist army are good for the overall situation and are good for the overall situation change, they can boldly propose it, and boldly act first and then report. Su Yu boldly put forward his proposal on the overall battle and was appreciated and supported by the center; at the beginning of Lin Biao's Northeast War, according to the actual situation at that time, major decisions of not fighting for a city and a place, giving up big cities, and occupying the two hatchbacks could be made independently by the commander, and the Supreme Command of has enough trust in it.
Communist Party military cadres can do whatever they want for the sake of the overall interests, regardless of the casualties of the troops under their jurisdiction, and for the sake of the overall interests, regardless of where the troops under their jurisdiction will be stationed and what kind of combat tasks they engage in. These are the real reasons why the military competition between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party during the War of Liberation is that it shows a completely different result. In a word, the army is full of factions and the party organization does not have a unified idea. They must have their own thoughts and distrust each other in the war.
If there is no socialist revolutionary ideal that is unanimously supported, no advanced military building ideas, and no high-level ideological work with branches built in companies, the Kuomintang soldiers will follow the Kuomintang to fight the Communist Party today, and they will be half-hearted and have no combat effectiveness; if they follow the Communist Party to fight the Kuomintang tomorrow, they will have a firm will and full of confidence, and such a miracle on earth will not be created. Of course, without the equal relationship between Communist cadres, the People's Liberation Army cadres and the masses and ordinary soldiers, and the spirit of serving the people who immediately resolve difficulties and problems, the spirit of cooperation between officials and the people, the cooperation between officers and soldiers, and the courage to sacrifice would not have become a trend in the liberated areas, and the spirit of heroism like Dong Cunrui would not have become a trend in the revolutionary ranks.
After decades of socialist construction and development, new problems that need to be solved have emerged: how to improve agricultural production efficiency and solve the long-standing problem of food shortage in our country; how to quickly develop the national economy so that hundreds of millions of people can become rich quickly; How to use effective means to resolve the people's increasing needs for material interests and the contradiction between the people's inability to meet this need. The Party led the people to creatively put forward the theory of the primary stage of socialism and the theory of socialism with Chinese characteristics. One of the important characteristics of this theory is its timeliness and modernity, which is its seeking truth from facts and opposes bookism and dogmatism.
Although some of the theoretical concepts of classic writers are based on the reality of the development of capitalism more than 100 years ago. However, the practicality of Marxist theory itself, the characteristics of starting from objective reality, and the principle of philosophy of established by the Party in the new era, all require people to follow the theoretical principle that commodity economy is an insurmountable stage of social development, require people to follow the principles and policies and propositions for success in practice, and view the new policy propositions and their choices based on the three principles that are conducive to .
Our party has chosen the path to establish socialist market economy , which means that society has made major changes in the main economic operation mechanism . An economy dominated by the original administrative control has changed to a competitive economy dominated by the resource factor market dominated by the enterprises with independent powers; an enterprise has changed from a single collective state-owned nature to a hybrid economic model with diversified individual, private, limited company, wholly foreign-owned, Sino-foreign joint ventures and other multiple ownership coexisting. Although the new institutional model is still under construction and is still being continuously improved, the historical changes in economic and social development it brings are unprecedented and no one will doubt it. The development of the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in the decades has brought about economic growth and economic and social development effects, which are incomparable to the previous development model.
The new problems and the new contradictions faced are completely possible and should be faced and solved on a new basis and in new ways. For example, the monopoly drawbacks of capital, the imbalance between capital power and workers' power, the imbalance between capital income and social income and workers' income; for example, the unreasonable relationship between official and business, the 996 Labor Law illegal phenomenon that damages workers' health and social development potential, etc.The establishment and effective implementation of the " Anti-Monopoly Law ", the necessary intervention of administrative power on capital power, reasonable tax policies, and strict implementation of labor law are all institutional solutions to effectively guide capital forces into a normal track that is beneficial to the development of society and the country.
Naturally, the premise for solving the real problem is socialist market economic system , which is based on the new market system rules and models after the reform. This model is farmers' autonomy over land production and operation, and farmers' families' autonomy over land control and management is fair competition and equal market access to individuals, private companies, foreign-funded, collectives, and state-owned enterprises. Market economy 's decades of operation have made people understand that no matter what capital it is, as long as it is monopoly, as long as there is no competition and normative laws and regulations, and the reasonable constraints of administrative power, serious problems will arise.
Not only will the banking industry experience abusive charges that do not take into account the interests of depositors, but only emphasize the unreasonable phenomenon of not strictly fulfilling obligations. Large airlines, Railway Corporation, WeChat , Petroleum Corporation, WeChat , Taobao Corporation, and JD Corporation will all have serious problems caused by monopoly and dominance of power. To solve these problems, financial regulatory departments, industrial and commercial management departments, transportation management departments, anti-monopoly departments, and network economic management departments need to intervene and restrict in accordance with laws and regulations. For example, limiting the charging level of savings cards, such as controlling oil prices, train ticket prices, and air ticket prices, restricting cross-industry mergers of some companies, interfering with wages arrears, not signing labor contracts with employees, not complying with the labor time stipulated by law, not paying labor insurance, etc., are all administrative management and intervention measures under such market economy conditions.
If reasonable modern system rules and measures are not taken, just like some big Vs, it is unethical to just shout out that capital is immoral, do not love employees, and are unscrupulous, it is obviously difficult to fundamentally solve the problem. Some Internet celebrities have put forward the strange theory that the so-called private economy has completed its historical mission, which can only show that the commentators lack the minimum understanding of the country's basic economic model in the new era. Now that the private economy exits, can’t we see how much economic proportion the private economy accounts for in many fields such as foreign trade, clothing processing, electronic products, etc., and how much employment it bears? Today, when countless private foreign-funded joint ventures are constantly born and developed rapidly, saying such words is actually an irresponsible accusation of the operation of the market economic system and the basic model, and it is an act of speaking without any pain in the back.
There are also issues regarding collective ownership or people's commune. Although the new problems and confusions faced by rural areas have given certain social needs for collective economic management. But no one should forget: the widespread implementation of the responsibilities system, the important reason is that the collective ownership model lacks a reasonable and effective incentive mechanism for the operation of workers. The problems of how to divide the personal power of members and the power of production team leaders, and how to restrict coordination and standardization have been resolved for a long time. Theoretical research and discussion on collective ownership since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh CPC Central Committee shows that agricultural production, mainly manual labor, and living labor objects make agricultural production management unsuitable for the factory-based management model. Excessive agricultural production management powers of the production team leader or commune director cannot bear the risks caused by management decision-making errors.
Whether it is a factory collectively owned by workers in Yugoslavia , or a large number of township enterprises and the team collective management organization of the Corps, the management rights are too concentrated. The basic result is: when the weather and operating conditions are good, the profit is not much; when the situation is bad, the losses are huge. This is something that anyone who has certain experience in production, operation and management in rural areas and agriculture knows very well. Unless "do not care about it so much", unless "do not lose money or join the joint production expenses", those who are slightly responsible will not agree to re-establish such a communal system model.
Some rural areas and some rural areas in the suburbs often cause major problems due to land transfer and renting out land. The fundamental reason is how to exercise collective power of collective ownership? How to implement it? How to not turn this collective power into the power of village cadres. If this fundamental problem that has existed for many years has not been solved, the old problems that existed before the reform, and the old problems exposed by the restoration of collective ownership after the reform cannot be effectively solved, the collective ownership of the people's commune that talks about agriculture is irresponsible.
