"During the May Fourth Movement, I played the new culture movement in Beijing. I have met Li Dazhao, Chen Duxiu, Hu Shi, Zhou Zuoren , etc., but I have never seen Lu Xun!"
This is a sentence Chairman Mao said to the famous writer Feng Xuefeng in the 1930s.
As we all know, Chairman Mao and Lu Xun were in love all their lives. Although they never met each other, they had a close relationship. Feng Xuefeng was the bridge of communication between them, and has been circulated as a good story for decades.
pic |Lu Xun
We only talk about Lu Xun is OK?
Feng Xuefeng is a fellow villager of Lu Xun. He was born in Yiwu, Zhejiang Province in 1903. His original name is Fuchun, which means blessings and beauty.
Feng Xuefeng is good at writing poetry. As early as when Mao Zedong was still in Peking University , Feng Xuefeng and Wang Jingzhi and others published the poetry collection "Bayside of the Lake" and began to enter the modern poetry world, which was well-known.
Autumn Harvest Uprising , before Chiang Kai-shek launched the "412" coup, and Comrade Li Dazhao was brutally killed. Faced with such a terrifying social environment, Feng Xuefeng still decided to join the Communist Party of China and soon met Mr. Roushi .
learned that Feng Xuefeng was a kind-hearted person, so he introduced him to Lu Xun. From then on, Feng Xuefeng became Lu Xun's good student and even became Mr. Lu Xun's closest comrade-in-arms.
Photo | Feng Xuefeng (first left in the front row) took a photo with Lu Xun
Among the students of Mr. Lu Xun, the most famous ones are probably the only ones in Xiao Hong Xiao Jun. However, Feng Xuefeng is brave and often writes articles criticizing the Kuomintang in the literary world, and has been wanted by spies many times.
In 1933, Feng Xuefeng was active in the literary world again. He also served as the Minister of the Propaganda Department of the Jiangsu Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China. Unexpectedly, he was betrayed by a traitor and was in danger. At that time, Comrade Zhou Enlai learned that Feng Xuefeng was in danger and decided to let Feng Xuefeng go to the Central Soviet Area to take refuge immediately.
The social background at that time was that Chiang Kai-shek carried out many "encirclement and suppression" of the Red Army in the Central Soviet Area, and even frequently bombed with aircraft at all costs. In Shanghai, especially after the rebellion of Gu Shunzhang, many comrades from the central government came to Soviet area , including Zhou Enlai and Bogu and others.
At the end of this year, Feng Xuefeng secretly set out from Shanghai, passed through Fujian and finally arrived in Ruijin, Jiangxi.
Photo | In 1934, Mao Zedong (first from left) and his comrades in Ruijin, Jiangxi, learned that a great writer had come, so he entrusted an important task to let Feng Xuefeng serve as the vice president of the Central Party School. During this period, Feng Xuefeng and Chairman Mao had many heart-to-heart talks.
Chairman Mao was originally the pillar of the Red Army and held the military power of the Red Army. However, at this time, he was always excluded by Bo Gu and others and was removed from his military post many times, but he was still the Chairman of the Central Government .
Although Chairman Mao was dismissed, he was still diligent in government work. He not only did a lot of investigations, but also worked hard to focus on economic and cultural undertakings. At this time, Feng Xuefeng came to Ruijin .
In the Soviet area at that time, it was very difficult to accept external news because of the white terror. It was even extremely difficult to get a newspaper. He Zizhen brought back to Chairman Mao at the foot of the mountain, basically all outdated old newspapers.
Faced with such a dilemma, Chairman Mao decided to invite Feng Xuefeng to talk to him in order to understand the situation in Shanghai. The two of them are not only comrades, but also "poetry friends" who have been there for a year.
Before meeting Feng Xuefeng, the secretary told Chairman Mao that Feng Xuefeng was a student of Lu Xun and had a good relationship with Lu Xun. This made Chairman Mao very pleased. Although he had never seen Lu Xun, Chairman Mao read Lu Xun's masterpieces many times, which coincided with the views in Lu Xun's articles.
Before Chairman Mao could find Feng Xuefeng, Feng Xuefeng came to visit. Chairman Mao happily said to the guards, "Go and prepare something delicious."
So in a conversation with Feng Xuefeng, Chairman Mao said interestingly: "Comrade Feng Xuefeng, today we have made three rules, one does not talk about fruits and vegetables, the other does not talk about landlords and bullies, we only talk about Lu Xun.”
That night, Chairman Mao and Feng Xuefeng had an unprecedented conversation. The two people only talked about one person, that is Lu Xun.
This conversation shocked Feng Xuefeng. He did not expect that Chairman Mao knew Lu Xun so much, as if he was living around Lu Xun.
Chairman Mao said: "I read Lu Xun's articles in Hunan No. 1 Teacher , and later read Lu Xun's " Madman Diary " and "The True Story of Ah Q". Ah Q is a backward farmer with many shortcomings, but he demands revolution. "
Chairman Mao's view is very neutral. He said that Lu Xun also had some shortcomings in the masses. He saw the farmers' demands and criticized Ah Q mercilessly.
Feng Xuefeng asked Chairman Mao the reason. Chairman Mao smiled and said, "We Communists and Red Army cadres are actually the same. Sometimes they ignore the requirements of the masses and should read "The True Story of Ah Q".
Feng Xuefeng from Chairman Mao's words I heard the general meaning. In the difficult Soviet area, it is extremely luxurious to buy a book, let alone Lu Xun's books.
From this day on, Feng Xuefeng decided to think of some ways to get all useful books to the Soviet area.
That day, Chairman Mao leaned against the bedside and slowly rolled his own dry tobacco. Feng Xuefeng said: "Chairman, you don't know that Mr. Lu Xun was in danger and did not want to go to Shanghai or the Soviet Union. He thought that he could always shoot a shot or two in his position. "
Chairman Mao heard Feng Xuefeng's words and said with emotion: "This is the real Lu Xun. He dared to stand up at a critical moment. For thousands of years, our nation would have had the character of Lu Xun. "
No wonder Chairman Mao once said that his and Mr. Lu Xun's hearts are in harmony. It is precisely because of this that Chairman Mao has sent messages to Lu Xun many times, and during this period, it was Feng Xuefeng who conveyed it on his behalf, which also led to a deep revolutionary friendship between Chairman Mao and Feng Xuefeng.
Please bring me a gift
In fact, as early as 1918, Chairman Mao was treating Lu Xun admired him so much that he even regarded Lu Xun as his idol.
A young Mao Zedong graduated from Hunan First Division, and under the recommendation of Yang Changji, he entered the Peking University Library to work and met Li Dazhao here.
Lu Xun and "The Diary of the Madman" (stills)
Li Dazhao saw that Mao Zedong liked reading so much, so he said, "It turns out that you are Mao Runzhi, a young man from Hunan. "Then, with the recommendation of Li Dazhao, I also met Chen Duxiu and Shao Piaoping and others.
Lu Xun was writing continuously at that time. He was the chief writer of " New Youth " magazine and was creating the novel "The Diary of a Madman". Mao Zedong visited all the teachers many times, but he had never seen Lu Xun, which became a small regret.
October 1934 Central Red Army voluntarily withdrew from Jiangxi and began the difficult Long March road , Due to the harsh conditions on the Long March, Chairman Mao rarely saw Feng Xuefeng. When the soldiers seized the good cigarettes, he asked the guards to send some.
1935, the Red Army defeated all difficulties and immediately reached northern Shaanxi. Feng Xuefeng decided to tell Mr. Lu Xun the news. But what followed was bad news. Qu Qiubai was bravely executed, and Feng Xuefeng was deeply saddened.
Chairman Mao said: "Not only you lost a good friend, I also lost a good friend. ”
Feng Xuefeng is a literati, but under the influence of Chairman Mao, Feng Xuefeng can not only follow the troops, but also fight guerrillas. Chairman Mao said at a conference: "Who says scholars cannot fight? I see Feng Xuefeng will fight guerrillas. "
This reminds Feng Xuefeng that a few years ago, Mr. Lu Xun first heard that Mao Zedong led thousands of troops, and said to literati such as Mao Dun with emotion: "I heard Li Dazhao say about Mao Zedong at Peking University. I only knew that he was a white-faced scholar, but I didn't expect that he would lead thousands of troops now. ”
As a senior, Lu Xun's admiration for Mao Zedong was also born from his heart.
In early 1936, in order to jointly fight against Japan for the National Migration, the Kuomintang and the Communist Party negotiated secretly. In order to establish a secret party organization in Shanghai, the organization decided to let a familiar person go.
At that time, Zhou Enlai and others thought that Feng Xuefeng was more suitable. He was familiar with the environment on that side and could mobilize Mr. Lu Xun.
At that time, Feng Xuefeng had four tasks in Shanghai: The first is diplomatic work, he wanted to contact Nanjing and try his best to promote the anti-Japanese war. Second, we must convey the idea of resisting Japan with the literati and others in Shanghai. Third, establish a Shanghai Party organization and receive the support of Mr. Lu Xun. Fourth, it is to use Feng Xuefeng's strengths to write a lot of articles.
Chairman Mao also wrote a letter to Feng Xuefeng. According to historical information, Feng Xuefeng excellently completed the work assigned to him by the Party Central Committee during his stay in Shanghai and received support from many people.
Because he is in Shanghai, Feng Xuefeng and Mr. Lu Xun have more communication. After Feng Xuefeng returned to Shanghai, he immediately contacted Lu Xun and others, expressing Chairman Mao’s idea. Lu Xun is very supportive of establishing a secret underground transportation station in Shanghai.
Feng Xuefeng also told Lu Xun a lot about the Red Army on the Long March. Mr. Lu Xun said happily: "It's great. I also have creative materials. I can write a novella."
Feng Xuefeng recalled that every time Lu Xun heard Chairman Mao's story, he felt very excited. Lu Xun always unknowingly showed his affection and trust in Chairman Mao.
"Please help me bring a gift to Chairman Mao."
When Feng Xuefeng left, Lu Xun also specially commissioned Feng Xuefeng to bring gifts to Chairman Mao, Zhou Enlai and others. It was Qu Qiubai's "Above Forest of the Sea" written by Lu Xun in serious illness and a large Jinhua ham. For the poor Yan'an, this is undoubtedly the most precious gift.
Lu Xun made a special statement and told Feng Xuefeng that this was given to "M", and in fact, what he said was Chairman Mao.
This point Feng Xuefeng confirmed this in the memory materials written in 1968. He wrote:
Not long before Lu Xun's death, around the end of September 1936, I sent a Jinhua ham and three or five cans of white tin pack cigarettes, and a dozen scarves to Xi'an to transfer to Yan'an.
In addition to bringing these, Feng Xuefeng also brought not very good news. Lu Xun's health has become worse and worse due to long-term use of pens, which is a dangerous signal.
Not many months ago, in October 1936, Lu Xun died of illness in Shanghai. He was still insisting on creating before his death. He just finished writing "Two and Three Things I Think of Because of Mr. Taiyan" a few days before his death.
The news of Lu Xun's death shocked Yan'an, especially Chairman Mao. When he learned that Lu Xun had passed away, Chairman Mao immediately organized a memorial service in Yan'an and entrusted Feng Xuefeng to go to Shanghai to carry out large-scale anti-Japanese and national salvation activities.
In the list of of Mr. Lu Xun's funeral committee, Feng Xuefeng also added Chairman Mao's name. It can be said that among these hundreds of people, Chairman Mao is the only one who has never seen Lu Xun.
It was during this trip to Shanghai that Feng Xuefeng tried every means to find Mao Anying and Mao Anying, and secretly sent these two children who were wandering in Shanghai to the Soviet Union when someone was going to Moscow.
Two years later, someone brought back a photo of two children from the Soviet Union. Chairman Mao was very excited to learn that the two children were still alive. As a father, he was filled with tears and felt grateful to Feng Xuefeng and others.
However, bad news came. After the Southern Anhui Incident, Comrade Feng Xuefeng was unfortunately arrested at home. The enemy asked him if he was a Communist. Feng Xuefeng did not say a word. He said, "If you want to kill, you should cut it."
Chairman Mao learned that Feng Xuefeng was arrested, and immediately discussed with Chen Yun and others that he must rescue Feng Xuefeng.
At that time, Mr. Dong Biwu found Hu Qiuyuan, who was doing united front work in our party. Hu Qiuyuan used various relationships and finally asked the comrades from the Frontline Daily to go to prison for rescue, which saved Feng Xuefeng.
After being released from prison, someone suggested that he go to Yan'an to take refuge immediately. Feng Xuefeng said that it was Chairman Mao who saved him and he would not be afraid of death so easily.
It was the time of Chongqing negotiations . Feng Xuefeng secretly lurked in Chongqing, plundering the Kuomintang's intelligence, and reported it to Zhou Enlai whenever there was any disturbance, so that Chiang Kai-shek's various small abacuses failed.
As a literati, Feng Xuefeng can be like Liu Yazi and others, as a democratic figure, , together with poetry, songs, tea, chat, but Feng Xuefeng always regards himself as a soldier. He firmly believes that under the leadership of Chairman Mao, we will definitely achieve revolutionary victory.
Feng Xuefeng: Chairman Mao is a well-deserved leader
After the breakdown of the negotiations between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, the civil war broke out. During Chairman Mao's time in Yan'an, Feng Xuefeng went to deliver books many times, most of which were the works of Mr. Lu Xun.
Chairman Mao said: "Lu Xun's book should be read by everyone." Chairman Mao also specifically said: "I don't have the Complete Works of Lu Xun, some of them are scattered, and "The Morning Flowers and the Evening Collection" is included, and they are gone everywhere." It is enough to show Chairman Mao's love for Lu Xun's works.
But there are bullets and bullets and bloody storms. It is a difficult thing to see Lu Xun's book, thanks to Feng Xuefeng's help.
After the founding of New China, Feng Xuefeng became the vice chairman of Shanghai Federation of Literary and Art Circles and the president and editor-in-chief of Lu Xun's works editorial agency. This is Chairman Mao's high trust in Feng Xuefeng.
It is certain that Feng Xuefeng is talented. His "Song of the Truth" has been praised by Chairman Mao. Chairman Mao said: "I haven't seen such a good work in many years."
Compared with Ding Ling , Feng Xuefeng's talent has a slight advantage. Perhaps this is also the reason why Ding Ling fell in love with Feng Xuefeng. Someone asked Ding Ling, who do you miss the most?
Ding Ling confessed: "What I miss most is Xuefeng." As early as 1927, Ding Ling fell in love with Feng Xuefeng at first sight. She said: "This is the first time I fell in love with."
Perhaps it is precisely because of Feng Xuefeng's influence that Ding Ling also took the wrong steps in literary creation, and even risked to look for materials on the battlefield. No wonder Chairman Mao also wrote poems and praised: Miss Wen yesterday, General of War today.
1950, Feng Xuefeng was transferred to Beijing to work. He served as the president and editor-in-chief of People's Literature Publishing House, and the editor-in-chief of " Literary Newspaper ".
Someone asked Feng Xuefeng, what kind of person is Chairman Mao in your heart. Feng Xuefeng said: "Chairman Mao is not only a great politician, but also a great strategist and poet. He can often turn the tide and save the revolution in times of crisis. He is a well-deserved leader, and no one can compare with him."
What Feng Xuefeng admires the most is Chairman Mao's lifelong love for reading. Chairman Mao likes the "The True Story of Ah Q" that Chairman Mao and Feng Xuefeng talked about many times.
For example, during the Lushan meeting in 1959, Chairman Mao talked about "The True Story of Ah Q" in his speech. He said: "For comrades who make mistakes, you should go a path, don't be like the fake foreigners in "The True Story of Ah Q" and don't allow others to revolutionize."
Chairman Mao hopes that cadres will learn from the spirit of Ah Q. The good should be absorbed and the bad should be abandoned. He said: "The True Story of Ah Q" is a good novel. I have advised many comrades to read this novel, and read it again after reading it."
After the publication of "The Complete Works of Lu Xun", Chairman Mao immediately asked his secretary Zhang Yufeng to buy the book back. Chairman Mao read it over and over again, and there were his annotations on the book, which were densely packed.
In 1961, when commemorating Lu Xun's 80th birthday, Chairman Mao also wrote two poems in a row to commemorate Lu Xun:
One of them
bold and bold, and the sword light and sword shadow Ren Xiangxuan.
Longhua is bleeding and sleepless at night, and still writes small poems and orchestras.
The second is
Jianhu and Yuetai famous scholars, worrying about the country's pain.
Song of Jiannan receives the autumn wind, and a mist is lingering in the poetry capsule.
1974, Chairman Mao's eyesight decreased and his eyes were problematic. In order to let Chairman Mao see more clearly, the staff of the publisher issued a large-character version of "The Complete Works of Lu Xun".
Picture|In his later years, Chairman Mao
The doctor who treated Chairman Mao at that time was called Tang Youzhi . Chairman Mao immediately thought of Lu Xun's poems. He said, "Your name is good, I guess your father must have read Lu Xun's poems."
Doctor Tang was puzzled, so Chairman Mao simply wrote down it. It turned out to be Mr. Lu Xun's " Mourning Yang Quan ", two sentences are: How can you be as passionate as in the past, flowers bloom and fall two times.
From Chairman Mao’s serious illness until his death, the large-character version of “The Complete Works of Lu Xun” was placed on his bedside. Zhang Yufeng recalled that after Chairman Mao’s death, there was a large-character version of “The Complete Works of Lu Xun” on his desk.
The famous writer Feng Xuefeng, who was associated with Chairman Mao because of Lu Xun, died of illness after proofreading the "Lu Xun Diary" in January 1976.
Looking at the literary and artistic circles at that time, not only Lu Xun and Feng Xuefeng, but also literati such as Ai Qing, Xiao Jun, Ding Ling, Zhou Yang have a good relationship with Chairman Mao. This is not only because Chairman Mao is also a great writer, but because Chairman Mao pays attention to the literary and artistic cause.
For Feng Xuefeng, they and Chairman Mao were not only comrades-in-arms, revolutionary comrades, poet friends, but also a relationship between teachers and commanders. Chairman Mao was not a kind spiritual mentor for them.
