text/Shui Xinying
Gu Mu is an outstanding leader on the front of the economic construction of New China. He has worked under the direct leadership of Zhou Enlai for a long time. Regarding Zhou Enlai, Gu Mu always regarded him as a leader he admired, a mentor he admired, and a respected elder. Zhou Enlai has always appreciated and cared for Gu Mu.
Acquainted Zhou Enlai in the early days of the War of Resistance Against Japan
Gu Mu's original name is Liu Jiayu, and he was a native of Rongcheng, Shandong. He pursued progress in his youth. He joined the Communist Party of China in 1932. In 1934, Gu Mu, who was only 20 years old, devoted himself to the left-wing cultural movement and became one of the main leaders of the Beiping Left-wing Writers Alliance. In 1936, he was appointed by the party organization to the 107th Division of the 67th Army of the Northeast Army to engage in military transportation.
Gu Mu first met Zhou Enlai at the Eighth Route Army Office in Wuhan in early 1938. Previously, Gu Mu had traveled to the Shanghai front with the Northeast Army and participated in the Songhu Battle . After the failure of the Battle of Songhu, Gu Mu's troops suffered heavy casualties. When he retreated to Xinyang, Henan, he decided to go to Wuhan to find the party organization.
As soon as he arrived in Wuhan, Gu Mu wrote a report to Eighth Route Army Office in Wuhan, recounting the battle he experienced and witnessed the chaos of the Kuomintang army's command and the hasty retreat. He focused on reflecting that a large number of weapons were discarded. It is recommended that local party organizations be notified to try to collect them and arm the anti-Japanese guerrillas to avoid falling into the hands of the enemy. He also proposed to meet with the responsible persons of the office and report some of his thoughts. Gu Mu's report attracted the attention of the Eighth Route Army Office in Wuhan. Soon, Gu Mu received a notice of an appointment to talk, and Li Tao, the head of the office, received him. Li Tao said: "We have received the report you wrote, and Comrade Enlai has also read it. I am very interested. Today I want me to ask you to have a detailed talk!"
◆In 1935, Gu Mu was in the "Left League" in Peking.
Gu Mu was very happy when he heard that Vice Chairman Zhou Enlai had also read his report. When they were having a hot conversation, Zhou Enlai walked in. Because Gu Mu had seen Zhou Enlai's photos in the newspaper, he recognized him at a glance. Before Li Tao could introduce him, Gu Mu immediately stood up and saluted Zhou Enlai respectfully. When Zhou Enlai saw Gu Mu's Northeast Army uniform, he immediately recognized him and had a cordial conversation with him.
In addition to introducing his work in the Left League of Peking and the Northeast Army, Gu Mu also expressed his desire to study in Yan'an . After hearing Gu Mu's introduction, Zhou Enlai paused for a while, looked at Gu Mu with his deep and wise eyes, and said meaningfully: "At present, there are many artists and literary youths from , the Kuomintang-controlled area to Yan'an. According to my opinion, it may be that the work behind enemy lines needs you more!"
On the same day, Gu Mu was taken to another place by Li Tao and lived in, carefully reading a batch of documents and books sent. Through a period of study, he further understood the Party’s strategic guidelines and basic policies for anti-Japanese war. Soon, Gu Mu received a notice and went to the troops of Wanyi, the Northeast Army stationed in Xinpu, northern Jiangsu, to continue to work behind enemy lines.
After 15 years of separation, Gu Mu met Zhou Enlai for the second time in November 1953. At that time, Gu Mu was appointed as the deputy secretary of the Shanghai Municipal Party Committee, in charge of industrial transportation.
◆The photo of Gu Mu during the victory of the Anti-Japanese War in 1945.
Zhou Enlai went to Shanghai mainly to study how to correctly treat the issue of national bourgeoisie . After listening to the report of the main leaders of the municipal party committee, he also asked Gu Mu and Shanghai Executive Vice Mayor Pan Hannian to give a work report. Pan Hannian talked about the market situation and Gu Mu talked about the production situation of the work and delivery.
When reporting to Zhou Enlai, some of the numbers on the report book were just summarized, and many of the contents Pan Hannian and Gu Mu still can't remember them. So, sometimes in the report, Zhou Enlai suddenly asked about the numbers mentioned above. Pan Hannian and Gu Mu were busy flipping through the notebook. Zhou Enlai smiled and said, "No need to flirt, I remember it." When Pan Hannian and Gu Mu looked at it, they all admired his amazing memory.At that time, Pan Hannian and Gu Mu guessed that the Prime Minister might have to criticize them, but Zhou Enlai said kindly: "It is not easier to engage in construction than to fight. When a senior cadre in , you must make up your mind to get in and learn from an outsider to an expert." With this "learning", in the next 20 years, every time you report your work to Zhou Enlai, Gu Mu always needs to understand some basic data clearly and strive to make the talk specific and accurate.
"Baby is not here, it is the generation of Gu"
In January 1955, Gu Mu was transferred to Beijing to work and served as deputy director of the State Construction Committee and deputy director of the Third Office of the State Council, deputy director of the State Economic Commission, and director of the Political Department of the Central Industrial and Transportation. From then on, he can often listen to Premier Zhou Enlai's teachings and accept the tasks assigned by him. During his contact with Zhou Enlai, Gu Mu was deeply educated in his excellent style of seeking truth and pragmatism in his leadership work and his spiritual qualities of selfless dedication.
In 1955, the party launched a struggle against right-leaning conservative thought. In this case, whenever Zhou Enlai had the opportunity, he still had to talk about the issue of adhering to the spirit of seeking truth from facts and opposing the issue of being impatient and reckless in detachment from reality. On February 8, 1956, Zhou Enlai emphasized at the plenary meeting of the State Council: "Don't just look at the lively side. It's good to be enthusiastic, but you should be careful, be more and faster, and be better and less expensive. There are signs of impatience now, which needs to be paid attention to. Socialist enthusiasm cannot be damaged, but things that exceed reality and are unfounded. Do not mention them randomly, and do not speed them up randomly, otherwise it will be very dangerous." On November 10, he made an article on the Second Plenary Session of the Eighth Central Committee of the Party The report of the National Economic Plan in 1957 further stated: "Can the development speed of the long-term plan envisioned in the past slow down? After research on the " Eight ' before and after, we think it can slow down."
◆In September 1955, Gu Mu was appointed as deputy director of the Third Office of the State Council.
1958's "Great Leap Forward" caused serious difficulties to the national economy. With the emergence of many contradictions, it gradually attracted the attention of the whole party. The two Zhengzhou meetings held by the Central Committee at the end of 1958 and early 1959 discussed the issue of correcting the "communist style". In July 1959, the Central Committee held a working meeting in Lushan. The original theme was to further implement the spirit of the Zhengzhou Conference and make the national economy move towards a track of healthy development. At that time, Gu Mu participated in the Lushan Conference. No one expected that a few days later, the meeting unexpectedly raised the so-called "military club" issue of Peng Dehuai, and the meeting took a big turn, from "correcting the 'left'" to "anti-rightist". After the Lushan Conference, a "anti-rightist and motivating" movement was launched nationwide. It was not until the late 1960 that the topic of summarizing experience and lessons and overcoming economic difficulties was truly put on the central government's work agenda due to the increasingly sharp contradictions in the national economy.
On January 19, 1961, Zhou Enlai made a speech at the Central Work Conference. He said: "In the face of difficulties, I hope that all of us can breathe together, share the same fate, work together, and do our work well. We cannot blame the sky or others, and we should mainly seek it from ourselves. All of us here should be determined to find out the situation and find out a few typical examples. Only when the situation is clear can we be determined and do our work well. We must also be humble and cautious, and make up our minds after the situation is clear, and we cannot do it randomly." When talking about the specific work deployment, Zhou Enlai asked the newly established "ten-person group" to conscientiously organize and implement the measures proposed at this meeting. The "ten-person group" established in accordance with the requirements of the central government is mainly attended by the ministers of the State Council's Ministry of Industry, responsible for the national GDP scheduling. Zhou Enlai and Deng Xiaoping designated the "ten-person group" by Bo Yibo, Vice Premier of the State Council and Director of the State Economic Commission. At the same time, it is clear that "there is no place, and it will be replaced by Gu." Shortly after the group was established, Bo was resting due to illness, and Gu Mu took on the work of the ten-person group.
◆In February 1962, Zhou Enlai's instructions to Gu Mu.
In the spring and summer of 1961, Gu Mu's main job was to grasp the "ten-person group". Zhou Enlai asked them to set up an office in the beekeeping corridor.During the day, the members of the "Ten People Group" work in their own departments and come here to have a meeting to study the problems at night. At that time, the country's economic situation was already quite difficult. With the approval of Zhou Enlai, Gu Mu and his team could exempt food coupons and eat a bowl of noodles for free after the meeting every night. Every time there was a meeting, Zhou Enlai would send his secretary Gu Ming to listen to it so that he could grasp the situation in a timely manner. Sometimes after listening to Gu Ming's report, he would ask further questions about some situations overnight. There are often things like this: Gu Mu returned home late at night and just took sleeping pills and went to bed, and the red machine on his desk rang again. As soon as I answered the phone, it turned out that it was Zhou Enlai called. Looking at the watch, it was already two or three in the morning. Gu Mu was extremely moved by this.
1962 was a year when the national economy resolutely implemented the adjustment policy and economic work shifted from passive to active. The 7,000-person conference held at the beginning of this year further unified the thoughts of leading cadres at all levels of the Party, laying the ideological foundation for smoothly experiencing difficult times and striving for new progress in economic work. Zhou Enlai actively implemented the central government's eight-character policy of "adjustment, consolidation, enrichment and improvement" to the national economy, and fought day and night on the front line of adjustment work. Under the direct leadership of Zhou Enlai, Gu Mu did a lot of specific work and made positive contributions to the recovery and development of the national economy.
In early 1965, with Zhou Enlai's strong recommendation and Mao Zedong's approval, Gu Mu served as the director of the National Basic Construction Committee (hereinafter referred to as the National Construction Committee) to be restored. Afterwards, his main work shifted to and construction.
was protected by Zhou Enlai in the early days of the "Cultural Revolution"
After the outbreak of the "Cultural Revolution", Zhou Enlai, as one of the main leaders of the central government at that time, did Zhou Enlai do about the "Cultural Revolution"? How to do it? Not very clear either. In the early days of the "Cultural Revolution", he made great efforts to bring the movement into the traditional track of our party, maintain the normal operation of the party and state machinery, and reduce the impact and damage to production and construction. However, the actual development of the movement later made his good intentions completely wasted.
In the early days of the Cultural Revolution, Gu Mu was "bombarded" by big-character posters, but he still worked diligently. In early September 1966, with the suggestion of Li Fuchun and the approval of Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai, Yu Qiuli and Gu Mu were notified to assist the leaders of the State Council in charge of economic work. Gu Mu was in charge of the State Economic Commission, Construction Committee, Railways, Transportation and other ministries.
What Zhou Enlai was most anxious at the time was that the "revolution" became bigger and bigger, and it would have more serious consequences than the "Great Leap Forward". He often asked Gu Mu and others to learn about major situations and problems in economic work. Once, he said to Gu Mu and others: "You have to help me keep the economic work barrier! The economic foundation is not chaotic, and the situation can be maintained. Once the economic foundation is chaotic, the situation cannot be cleaned up. Therefore, economic work must be firmly grasped, and production must not be stopped. If production stops, what should the country do? If there is no farming and no food to eat, how can the people survive? What else can we do? "
◆ Zhou Enlai in the "Cultural Revolution".
During this period, mass organizations also started to form in state organs, echoing the Red Guards in society. Where there were armed fighting and looting incidents in various ministries and commissions, the Prime Minister sent liaison officers to investigate and intervene. When any minister was criticized, the Prime Minister instructed Gu Mu and relevant comrades to take measures to protect them. On November 9, the Prime Minister personally presided over the discussion of the editorial draft of "Handling Revolution and Promoting Production" of "Handling the People's Daily ". At the meeting, Zhou Enlai reiterated that production construction must not be stagnant or interrupted, and refuted the wrong arguments that only talk about "grasping revolution" but not about production construction at all.
At that time, Lin Biao, Jiang Qing and his gang were very annoyed and resentful about this. They publicly slandered Zhou Enlai as the "fire-fighting captain" and slandered Gu Mu and others as "fire-fighting team members". At that time, Zhou Enlai had a shocking statement that he always remembered in Gu Mu's heart. On the afternoon of November 19, the Prime Minister came to the work handover symposium held by Gu Mu, and met with everyone and had a long conversation.He summarized the situation at that time as four sentences: "It is in full swing, I can't stop, the general trend is in a trend, and I will take advantage of the situation." The comrades here should hold the attitude of "If I don't enter the sea of suffering, who will enter the sea of suffering?" In order to protect the interests of the party and the country, they must have no regrets if they are destroyed.
On December 28, Gu Mu left Beijing and went to Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou and other places to learn about the construction of the third line. At noon on January 30, 1967, Gu Mu returned to Beijing by plane. As soon as he got off the plane, he was kidnapped by a group of unknown people. Zhou Enlai soon learned about the news that Gu Mu was kidnapped by the rebels after he returned to Beijing. He sent a liaison officer to negotiate with the rebels of the State Construction Committee, saying that he would only criticize one day, that is, to send Gu Mu back to Zhongnanhai , and he wanted to listen to the business trip report. The rebels had to agree.
Just like that, after Gu Mu was criticized and fought by them for 5 hours the next day, the rebel leader personally escorted him to Zhongnanhai. The Prime Minister asked him to arrange a house on the east side of the Zhongnanhai rockery, which was adjacent to Yu Qiuli. This place became the basic place for Gu Mu to live and work for more than a year later. Afterwards, the Prime Minister asked Gu Mu and others to hold meetings almost every day, studied and passed documents on stopping students' hiking, and studied issues such as the inability of third-tier employees to run to the front line.
In February 1967, the so-called "February Countercurrent" incident occurred. Since Gu Mu and Yu Qiuli are called "little guys" and "little crawlers" of the "February Countercurrent", it will be even more difficult to catch work after the fight. After the Spring Festival, the rebels' criticism and struggle against Gu Mu escalated. Every time Gu Mu was pulled out, the Prime Minister would send a liaison officer to follow him and ask the liaison officer to make three rules with the rebels in advance: he could only criticize for two hours and release him at that time; he could not engage in corporal punishment; he could not let other sects take it away. With these "constitutions", Gu Mu's situation was slightly better when he was beaten, but which rebel was truly obedient? When he returned to Zhongnanhai, Gu Mu was beaten so hard that his whole body felt like he was dispersed and in great pain. Li Fuchun saw it and was anxious. At a State Council meeting, he proposed: "Gu Mu went out several times a week, but his health could not stand it, and he also missed his work. Is it possible to go out once a week?" Zhou En said: "What are you once or twice? You won't go out anymore. You must be approved by me when you go out in the future." During the period of time, Gu Mu went out to receive criticism and controversy much less.
In April and May, Gu Mu and others were criticized and fought while assisting the Prime Minister in taking charge of economic work. In order to support Gu Mu's work, Zhou Enlai specially arranged for him to watch the ceremony on the May Day holiday. But shortly after May Day, the big-character posters exposed and criticized Gu Mu from outside were gradually heating up. First, they were "capitalist roaders" and "three anti-gang members", then "recruiting surrenders and arbitrage" and "anti-party usurping the army". By the end of May, the streets were covered with big-character posters "defeating the big traitor Gu Mu".
Gu Mu was arrested in 1936 while working underground in the "Left League" of Peking. The Party has long reviewed this history. For this reason, Zhou Enlai personally talked to Gu Mu: "It has been decided to draw two people from the ××× task force to investigate your problem. You don't have to carry any burden, you should do whatever you should do as usual!" The problem of "traitor" has not yet come true, and the problem of "spy" has emerged again. The rebels found from the archives of the Kuomintang government's Ministry of National Defense that there was a major on the list of paying spies to spies in the early stages of the Liberation War, which was only the same as Gu Mu's original name and had no other information. To this end, the rebels posted a big-character poster on the streets and alleys of "Down with the Big Spy Gu Mu".
The two hats of "Great Traitor" and "Great Spy" are tied to Gu Mu's head, so it will be difficult for him to come forward to work again. Later, Li Fuchun talked to Gu Mu and said that he had discussed with the Prime Minister many times, believing that it would be difficult for Gu Mu to come forward to work again under this situation; the "traitor" and "spy" issues have been generally understood after this review. In addition, after the Construction Committee implemented military control, the order had been controlled. Therefore, Li Fuchun and the Prime Minister's opinion are: Let Gu Mu go back to the agency, meet with the masses, and accept review from the masses. Gu Mu fully understood their difficulties and immediately said: "We must treat it correctly and are willing to go to the masses to be reviewed and criticized."Li Fuchun held Gu Mu's hand tightly and said, "Prime Minister asked me to tell you in particular that you should take care of yourself and be able to withstand the tempering. "It was the words of Premier Zhou Enlai and Comrade Li Fuchun and other comrades who gave Gu Mu the courage and strength, so that he could persevere in the next two years of "cowshed" life.
resumed his post under Zhou Enlai's care
Until the second half of 1969, Gu Mu's so-called "traitor" problem was found in nothing; the so-called "spy" problem was also completely clear. The special case personnel found that and Gu The little wife of the Kuomintang major spy who had the same original name confirmed that she was another person who had nothing to do with Gu Mu. After experiencing so many ups and downs, Gu Mu finally achieved "liberation". But at this moment, Lin Biao issued the so-called "No. 1 order" to "evacuate" the veteran cadres to various places.
Gu Mu is also among the "evacuation personnel". For this reason, the army representative of the State Construction Committee personally went to Zhou Enlai to report the "evacuation" plan and proposed to let Gu Mu go to Jiangxi Cadre School. Zhou En said: "Don't go to the cadre school. Comrade Gu Mu was interested in the construction of the third line, and he also participated in the establishment of the Infrastructure Engineering Soldier, and asked him to conduct some investigation and research in the Infrastructure Engineering Soldier and summarize his experience. Once there is something wrong, you can also take the troops to serve in the front. "In this way, Gu Mu later worked as a soldier in the Jiangyou Infrastructure Engineering Corps in Sichuan for half a year, and then worked as a worker in the Jianghan Oilfield in Hubei for half a year. It was not until the autumn of 1970 that he was transferred back to Beijing.
1971 to 1972, before Gu Mu officially resumed work, Zhou Enlai asked him to do two things. One was to be an advisor to the third National Urban Work Conference , and he was busy for a while; the other was to ask him to focus on port construction. The meeting where he arranged for port construction was the first time Gu Mu met Zhou Enlai since he moved out of the State Council in 1968. When he saw the Prime Minister, Gu Mu was very excited and hurriedly stepped forward to shake hands with him. The Prime Minister also held Gu Mu's hand tightly. At this meeting, Zhou Enlai announced: "Comrade Gu Mu would let him grasp the problem of port construction before formally assigned work. "He emphasized the importance of doing a good job in port construction for the development of the national economy; Gu Mu and Su Yu should organize a small team together to conduct in-depth investigations and research, propose port construction plans, and strive to change the appearance of the port in three years.
Under the care of Zhou Enlai and others, Gu Mu's leadership position was restored in May 1973 and served as director of the Revolutionary Committee of the State Construction Committee and the head of the Party's core group. At a meeting, when he met Zhou Enlai again, the Prime Minister seemed even thinner. Gu Mu greeted his condition, and he said, "Don't you know yet? I already have cancer! "When Gu Mu heard this, he was extremely surprised. Zhou Enlai then changed the topic and said, "You have resumed your work, the burden is very heavy, and you still have to do it well! Isn’t it fashionable to say “climb the hill” and “pull the cart”? We all have been pulling carts for the country and the people for the rest of our lives! As long as you still have a breath, you have to struggle! "After hearing his words, Gu Mu was very sad and excited. Shortly after that meeting, Zhou Enlai was hospitalized for treatment.
◆In January 1976, Gu Mu bid farewell to Zhou Enlai's body.
For the personnel arrangements of the Fourth National People's Congress, on December 23, 1974, Zhou Enlai, who was seriously ill, flew to Changsha. Mao Zedong told him: There can be more vice chairman, but "the vice premier of the State Council needs to be able to do things, not honorary positions." After careful discussion between Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai, Zhou Enlai continued to serve as prime minister at the subsequent fourth session of the People's Congress, Deng Xiaoping served as the first vice premier, and Gu Mu and others were vice premier.
On the afternoon of February 1, 1975, Zhou Enlai first presided over the State Council Executive Meeting and talked about the division of labor among the vice premiers of the State Council. He said: "I am in poor health. The work of the State Council will be chaired by Comrade Xiaoping in the future. The hospital didn't want to let me go, but I still wanted to come and meet you once a week..." Then, he presided over the plenary meeting of the State Council, and he and Comrade Xiaoping both spoke. When Zhou Enlai saw Gu Mu, he still asked about the port construction with concern. Gu Mu replied: "The original goal can be achieved, please rest assured by the Prime Minister.”
Since the plenary meeting of the State Council, Gu Mu has rarely seen Zhou Enlai. On the morning of April 27, Comrade Li Xiannian, Vice Premier of the State Council, called Gu Mu to his office and talked for more than an hour. Li Xiannian said: "At 6 o'clock this morning, the Premier asked me to come and talked for a long time. He asked me to tell you: While speeding up the construction of the port, we should also pay attention to the construction of the airport, sea and air transportation, we are all very backward. "Gu Mu understood that these are major events that the Prime Minister cares very much and attaches great importance to, and then made timely deployment arrangements.
◆In January 1984, Gu Mu (second from left), Hu Yaobang and others congratulated Deng Yingchao on his 80th birthday.
1975 was an extraordinary year. After Deng Xiaoping presided over the daily work of the Central Committee, he fought against Jiangqing Group and comprehensively rectified the "Cultural Revolution" "The mess left behind. The "Gang of Four" hated this to the core, and by the end of the year, it carefully planned a so-called "Counterattack on the Rightist Counterattack" campaign. People saw the fingers of this cold wind, and were worried about Premier Zhou Enlai and his close comrade-in-arms Deng Xiaoping.
Late at night on January 6, 1976, Wang Zhen came to Gu Mu's house and talked about the situation of the Prime Minister's critical illness, and also talked about some of the struggles against the "Gang of Four" at that time. They were in a heavy mood and worried. Wang Zhen said: "Tomorrow we are allowed to visit the Prime Minister, let's go together! "On the morning of January 7, Wang Zhen and Gu Mu went to see Zhou Enlai together. When he walked to Zhou Enlai's bedside, he was unconscious, haggard and had a long beard. Seeing this scene, Wang Zhen turned around sadly to ask the doctor for the situation. Gu Mu's tears burst out from his eyes and stood blankly beside Zhou Enlai, hoping that he could open his eyes and say something to him, but it was impossible. After a long time, Gu Mu couldn't help it, cried out and walked out...
On the morning of January 8, Premier Zhou Enlai passed away forever. Gu Mu suddenly lost his balance in his heart and was deeply saddened for a long time. On the evening of January 12, he wrote down his feelings at that time in his diary: "A politician has such a high reputation in the world and has such a deep impression in the minds of the people of the whole country. His death caused such a strong reaction. How many people can there be in ancient and modern times? ! ”
This article is original "Party History Bo Cai"
Reprints without permission
Infringement will be prosecuted
right protection support: Hebei Ji Neng Law Firm
At that time, Pan Hannian and Gu Mu guessed that the Prime Minister might have to criticize them, but Zhou Enlai said kindly: "It is not easier to engage in construction than to fight. When a senior cadre in , you must make up your mind to get in and learn from an outsider to an expert." With this "learning", in the next 20 years, every time you report your work to Zhou Enlai, Gu Mu always needs to understand some basic data clearly and strive to make the talk specific and accurate."Baby is not here, it is the generation of Gu"
In January 1955, Gu Mu was transferred to Beijing to work and served as deputy director of the State Construction Committee and deputy director of the Third Office of the State Council, deputy director of the State Economic Commission, and director of the Political Department of the Central Industrial and Transportation. From then on, he can often listen to Premier Zhou Enlai's teachings and accept the tasks assigned by him. During his contact with Zhou Enlai, Gu Mu was deeply educated in his excellent style of seeking truth and pragmatism in his leadership work and his spiritual qualities of selfless dedication.
In 1955, the party launched a struggle against right-leaning conservative thought. In this case, whenever Zhou Enlai had the opportunity, he still had to talk about the issue of adhering to the spirit of seeking truth from facts and opposing the issue of being impatient and reckless in detachment from reality. On February 8, 1956, Zhou Enlai emphasized at the plenary meeting of the State Council: "Don't just look at the lively side. It's good to be enthusiastic, but you should be careful, be more and faster, and be better and less expensive. There are signs of impatience now, which needs to be paid attention to. Socialist enthusiasm cannot be damaged, but things that exceed reality and are unfounded. Do not mention them randomly, and do not speed them up randomly, otherwise it will be very dangerous." On November 10, he made an article on the Second Plenary Session of the Eighth Central Committee of the Party The report of the National Economic Plan in 1957 further stated: "Can the development speed of the long-term plan envisioned in the past slow down? After research on the " Eight ' before and after, we think it can slow down."
◆In September 1955, Gu Mu was appointed as deputy director of the Third Office of the State Council.
1958's "Great Leap Forward" caused serious difficulties to the national economy. With the emergence of many contradictions, it gradually attracted the attention of the whole party. The two Zhengzhou meetings held by the Central Committee at the end of 1958 and early 1959 discussed the issue of correcting the "communist style". In July 1959, the Central Committee held a working meeting in Lushan. The original theme was to further implement the spirit of the Zhengzhou Conference and make the national economy move towards a track of healthy development. At that time, Gu Mu participated in the Lushan Conference. No one expected that a few days later, the meeting unexpectedly raised the so-called "military club" issue of Peng Dehuai, and the meeting took a big turn, from "correcting the 'left'" to "anti-rightist". After the Lushan Conference, a "anti-rightist and motivating" movement was launched nationwide. It was not until the late 1960 that the topic of summarizing experience and lessons and overcoming economic difficulties was truly put on the central government's work agenda due to the increasingly sharp contradictions in the national economy.
On January 19, 1961, Zhou Enlai made a speech at the Central Work Conference. He said: "In the face of difficulties, I hope that all of us can breathe together, share the same fate, work together, and do our work well. We cannot blame the sky or others, and we should mainly seek it from ourselves. All of us here should be determined to find out the situation and find out a few typical examples. Only when the situation is clear can we be determined and do our work well. We must also be humble and cautious, and make up our minds after the situation is clear, and we cannot do it randomly." When talking about the specific work deployment, Zhou Enlai asked the newly established "ten-person group" to conscientiously organize and implement the measures proposed at this meeting. The "ten-person group" established in accordance with the requirements of the central government is mainly attended by the ministers of the State Council's Ministry of Industry, responsible for the national GDP scheduling. Zhou Enlai and Deng Xiaoping designated the "ten-person group" by Bo Yibo, Vice Premier of the State Council and Director of the State Economic Commission. At the same time, it is clear that "there is no place, and it will be replaced by Gu." Shortly after the group was established, Bo was resting due to illness, and Gu Mu took on the work of the ten-person group.
◆In February 1962, Zhou Enlai's instructions to Gu Mu.
In the spring and summer of 1961, Gu Mu's main job was to grasp the "ten-person group". Zhou Enlai asked them to set up an office in the beekeeping corridor.During the day, the members of the "Ten People Group" work in their own departments and come here to have a meeting to study the problems at night. At that time, the country's economic situation was already quite difficult. With the approval of Zhou Enlai, Gu Mu and his team could exempt food coupons and eat a bowl of noodles for free after the meeting every night. Every time there was a meeting, Zhou Enlai would send his secretary Gu Ming to listen to it so that he could grasp the situation in a timely manner. Sometimes after listening to Gu Ming's report, he would ask further questions about some situations overnight. There are often things like this: Gu Mu returned home late at night and just took sleeping pills and went to bed, and the red machine on his desk rang again. As soon as I answered the phone, it turned out that it was Zhou Enlai called. Looking at the watch, it was already two or three in the morning. Gu Mu was extremely moved by this.
1962 was a year when the national economy resolutely implemented the adjustment policy and economic work shifted from passive to active. The 7,000-person conference held at the beginning of this year further unified the thoughts of leading cadres at all levels of the Party, laying the ideological foundation for smoothly experiencing difficult times and striving for new progress in economic work. Zhou Enlai actively implemented the central government's eight-character policy of "adjustment, consolidation, enrichment and improvement" to the national economy, and fought day and night on the front line of adjustment work. Under the direct leadership of Zhou Enlai, Gu Mu did a lot of specific work and made positive contributions to the recovery and development of the national economy.
In early 1965, with Zhou Enlai's strong recommendation and Mao Zedong's approval, Gu Mu served as the director of the National Basic Construction Committee (hereinafter referred to as the National Construction Committee) to be restored. Afterwards, his main work shifted to and construction.
was protected by Zhou Enlai in the early days of the "Cultural Revolution"
After the outbreak of the "Cultural Revolution", Zhou Enlai, as one of the main leaders of the central government at that time, did Zhou Enlai do about the "Cultural Revolution"? How to do it? Not very clear either. In the early days of the "Cultural Revolution", he made great efforts to bring the movement into the traditional track of our party, maintain the normal operation of the party and state machinery, and reduce the impact and damage to production and construction. However, the actual development of the movement later made his good intentions completely wasted.
In the early days of the Cultural Revolution, Gu Mu was "bombarded" by big-character posters, but he still worked diligently. In early September 1966, with the suggestion of Li Fuchun and the approval of Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai, Yu Qiuli and Gu Mu were notified to assist the leaders of the State Council in charge of economic work. Gu Mu was in charge of the State Economic Commission, Construction Committee, Railways, Transportation and other ministries.
What Zhou Enlai was most anxious at the time was that the "revolution" became bigger and bigger, and it would have more serious consequences than the "Great Leap Forward". He often asked Gu Mu and others to learn about major situations and problems in economic work. Once, he said to Gu Mu and others: "You have to help me keep the economic work barrier! The economic foundation is not chaotic, and the situation can be maintained. Once the economic foundation is chaotic, the situation cannot be cleaned up. Therefore, economic work must be firmly grasped, and production must not be stopped. If production stops, what should the country do? If there is no farming and no food to eat, how can the people survive? What else can we do? "
◆ Zhou Enlai in the "Cultural Revolution".
During this period, mass organizations also started to form in state organs, echoing the Red Guards in society. Where there were armed fighting and looting incidents in various ministries and commissions, the Prime Minister sent liaison officers to investigate and intervene. When any minister was criticized, the Prime Minister instructed Gu Mu and relevant comrades to take measures to protect them. On November 9, the Prime Minister personally presided over the discussion of the editorial draft of "Handling Revolution and Promoting Production" of "Handling the People's Daily ". At the meeting, Zhou Enlai reiterated that production construction must not be stagnant or interrupted, and refuted the wrong arguments that only talk about "grasping revolution" but not about production construction at all.
At that time, Lin Biao, Jiang Qing and his gang were very annoyed and resentful about this. They publicly slandered Zhou Enlai as the "fire-fighting captain" and slandered Gu Mu and others as "fire-fighting team members". At that time, Zhou Enlai had a shocking statement that he always remembered in Gu Mu's heart. On the afternoon of November 19, the Prime Minister came to the work handover symposium held by Gu Mu, and met with everyone and had a long conversation.He summarized the situation at that time as four sentences: "It is in full swing, I can't stop, the general trend is in a trend, and I will take advantage of the situation." The comrades here should hold the attitude of "If I don't enter the sea of suffering, who will enter the sea of suffering?" In order to protect the interests of the party and the country, they must have no regrets if they are destroyed.
On December 28, Gu Mu left Beijing and went to Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou and other places to learn about the construction of the third line. At noon on January 30, 1967, Gu Mu returned to Beijing by plane. As soon as he got off the plane, he was kidnapped by a group of unknown people. Zhou Enlai soon learned about the news that Gu Mu was kidnapped by the rebels after he returned to Beijing. He sent a liaison officer to negotiate with the rebels of the State Construction Committee, saying that he would only criticize one day, that is, to send Gu Mu back to Zhongnanhai , and he wanted to listen to the business trip report. The rebels had to agree.
Just like that, after Gu Mu was criticized and fought by them for 5 hours the next day, the rebel leader personally escorted him to Zhongnanhai. The Prime Minister asked him to arrange a house on the east side of the Zhongnanhai rockery, which was adjacent to Yu Qiuli. This place became the basic place for Gu Mu to live and work for more than a year later. Afterwards, the Prime Minister asked Gu Mu and others to hold meetings almost every day, studied and passed documents on stopping students' hiking, and studied issues such as the inability of third-tier employees to run to the front line.
In February 1967, the so-called "February Countercurrent" incident occurred. Since Gu Mu and Yu Qiuli are called "little guys" and "little crawlers" of the "February Countercurrent", it will be even more difficult to catch work after the fight. After the Spring Festival, the rebels' criticism and struggle against Gu Mu escalated. Every time Gu Mu was pulled out, the Prime Minister would send a liaison officer to follow him and ask the liaison officer to make three rules with the rebels in advance: he could only criticize for two hours and release him at that time; he could not engage in corporal punishment; he could not let other sects take it away. With these "constitutions", Gu Mu's situation was slightly better when he was beaten, but which rebel was truly obedient? When he returned to Zhongnanhai, Gu Mu was beaten so hard that his whole body felt like he was dispersed and in great pain. Li Fuchun saw it and was anxious. At a State Council meeting, he proposed: "Gu Mu went out several times a week, but his health could not stand it, and he also missed his work. Is it possible to go out once a week?" Zhou En said: "What are you once or twice? You won't go out anymore. You must be approved by me when you go out in the future." During the period of time, Gu Mu went out to receive criticism and controversy much less.
In April and May, Gu Mu and others were criticized and fought while assisting the Prime Minister in taking charge of economic work. In order to support Gu Mu's work, Zhou Enlai specially arranged for him to watch the ceremony on the May Day holiday. But shortly after May Day, the big-character posters exposed and criticized Gu Mu from outside were gradually heating up. First, they were "capitalist roaders" and "three anti-gang members", then "recruiting surrenders and arbitrage" and "anti-party usurping the army". By the end of May, the streets were covered with big-character posters "defeating the big traitor Gu Mu".
Gu Mu was arrested in 1936 while working underground in the "Left League" of Peking. The Party has long reviewed this history. For this reason, Zhou Enlai personally talked to Gu Mu: "It has been decided to draw two people from the ××× task force to investigate your problem. You don't have to carry any burden, you should do whatever you should do as usual!" The problem of "traitor" has not yet come true, and the problem of "spy" has emerged again. The rebels found from the archives of the Kuomintang government's Ministry of National Defense that there was a major on the list of paying spies to spies in the early stages of the Liberation War, which was only the same as Gu Mu's original name and had no other information. To this end, the rebels posted a big-character poster on the streets and alleys of "Down with the Big Spy Gu Mu".
The two hats of "Great Traitor" and "Great Spy" are tied to Gu Mu's head, so it will be difficult for him to come forward to work again. Later, Li Fuchun talked to Gu Mu and said that he had discussed with the Prime Minister many times, believing that it would be difficult for Gu Mu to come forward to work again under this situation; the "traitor" and "spy" issues have been generally understood after this review. In addition, after the Construction Committee implemented military control, the order had been controlled. Therefore, Li Fuchun and the Prime Minister's opinion are: Let Gu Mu go back to the agency, meet with the masses, and accept review from the masses. Gu Mu fully understood their difficulties and immediately said: "We must treat it correctly and are willing to go to the masses to be reviewed and criticized."Li Fuchun held Gu Mu's hand tightly and said, "Prime Minister asked me to tell you in particular that you should take care of yourself and be able to withstand the tempering. "It was the words of Premier Zhou Enlai and Comrade Li Fuchun and other comrades who gave Gu Mu the courage and strength, so that he could persevere in the next two years of "cowshed" life.
resumed his post under Zhou Enlai's care
Until the second half of 1969, Gu Mu's so-called "traitor" problem was found in nothing; the so-called "spy" problem was also completely clear. The special case personnel found that and Gu The little wife of the Kuomintang major spy who had the same original name confirmed that she was another person who had nothing to do with Gu Mu. After experiencing so many ups and downs, Gu Mu finally achieved "liberation". But at this moment, Lin Biao issued the so-called "No. 1 order" to "evacuate" the veteran cadres to various places.
Gu Mu is also among the "evacuation personnel". For this reason, the army representative of the State Construction Committee personally went to Zhou Enlai to report the "evacuation" plan and proposed to let Gu Mu go to Jiangxi Cadre School. Zhou En said: "Don't go to the cadre school. Comrade Gu Mu was interested in the construction of the third line, and he also participated in the establishment of the Infrastructure Engineering Soldier, and asked him to conduct some investigation and research in the Infrastructure Engineering Soldier and summarize his experience. Once there is something wrong, you can also take the troops to serve in the front. "In this way, Gu Mu later worked as a soldier in the Jiangyou Infrastructure Engineering Corps in Sichuan for half a year, and then worked as a worker in the Jianghan Oilfield in Hubei for half a year. It was not until the autumn of 1970 that he was transferred back to Beijing.
1971 to 1972, before Gu Mu officially resumed work, Zhou Enlai asked him to do two things. One was to be an advisor to the third National Urban Work Conference , and he was busy for a while; the other was to ask him to focus on port construction. The meeting where he arranged for port construction was the first time Gu Mu met Zhou Enlai since he moved out of the State Council in 1968. When he saw the Prime Minister, Gu Mu was very excited and hurriedly stepped forward to shake hands with him. The Prime Minister also held Gu Mu's hand tightly. At this meeting, Zhou Enlai announced: "Comrade Gu Mu would let him grasp the problem of port construction before formally assigned work. "He emphasized the importance of doing a good job in port construction for the development of the national economy; Gu Mu and Su Yu should organize a small team together to conduct in-depth investigations and research, propose port construction plans, and strive to change the appearance of the port in three years.
Under the care of Zhou Enlai and others, Gu Mu's leadership position was restored in May 1973 and served as director of the Revolutionary Committee of the State Construction Committee and the head of the Party's core group. At a meeting, when he met Zhou Enlai again, the Prime Minister seemed even thinner. Gu Mu greeted his condition, and he said, "Don't you know yet? I already have cancer! "When Gu Mu heard this, he was extremely surprised. Zhou Enlai then changed the topic and said, "You have resumed your work, the burden is very heavy, and you still have to do it well! Isn’t it fashionable to say “climb the hill” and “pull the cart”? We all have been pulling carts for the country and the people for the rest of our lives! As long as you still have a breath, you have to struggle! "After hearing his words, Gu Mu was very sad and excited. Shortly after that meeting, Zhou Enlai was hospitalized for treatment.
◆In January 1976, Gu Mu bid farewell to Zhou Enlai's body.
For the personnel arrangements of the Fourth National People's Congress, on December 23, 1974, Zhou Enlai, who was seriously ill, flew to Changsha. Mao Zedong told him: There can be more vice chairman, but "the vice premier of the State Council needs to be able to do things, not honorary positions." After careful discussion between Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai, Zhou Enlai continued to serve as prime minister at the subsequent fourth session of the People's Congress, Deng Xiaoping served as the first vice premier, and Gu Mu and others were vice premier.
On the afternoon of February 1, 1975, Zhou Enlai first presided over the State Council Executive Meeting and talked about the division of labor among the vice premiers of the State Council. He said: "I am in poor health. The work of the State Council will be chaired by Comrade Xiaoping in the future. The hospital didn't want to let me go, but I still wanted to come and meet you once a week..." Then, he presided over the plenary meeting of the State Council, and he and Comrade Xiaoping both spoke. When Zhou Enlai saw Gu Mu, he still asked about the port construction with concern. Gu Mu replied: "The original goal can be achieved, please rest assured by the Prime Minister.”
Since the plenary meeting of the State Council, Gu Mu has rarely seen Zhou Enlai. On the morning of April 27, Comrade Li Xiannian, Vice Premier of the State Council, called Gu Mu to his office and talked for more than an hour. Li Xiannian said: "At 6 o'clock this morning, the Premier asked me to come and talked for a long time. He asked me to tell you: While speeding up the construction of the port, we should also pay attention to the construction of the airport, sea and air transportation, we are all very backward. "Gu Mu understood that these are major events that the Prime Minister cares very much and attaches great importance to, and then made timely deployment arrangements.
◆In January 1984, Gu Mu (second from left), Hu Yaobang and others congratulated Deng Yingchao on his 80th birthday.
1975 was an extraordinary year. After Deng Xiaoping presided over the daily work of the Central Committee, he fought against Jiangqing Group and comprehensively rectified the "Cultural Revolution" "The mess left behind. The "Gang of Four" hated this to the core, and by the end of the year, it carefully planned a so-called "Counterattack on the Rightist Counterattack" campaign. People saw the fingers of this cold wind, and were worried about Premier Zhou Enlai and his close comrade-in-arms Deng Xiaoping.
Late at night on January 6, 1976, Wang Zhen came to Gu Mu's house and talked about the situation of the Prime Minister's critical illness, and also talked about some of the struggles against the "Gang of Four" at that time. They were in a heavy mood and worried. Wang Zhen said: "Tomorrow we are allowed to visit the Prime Minister, let's go together! "On the morning of January 7, Wang Zhen and Gu Mu went to see Zhou Enlai together. When he walked to Zhou Enlai's bedside, he was unconscious, haggard and had a long beard. Seeing this scene, Wang Zhen turned around sadly to ask the doctor for the situation. Gu Mu's tears burst out from his eyes and stood blankly beside Zhou Enlai, hoping that he could open his eyes and say something to him, but it was impossible. After a long time, Gu Mu couldn't help it, cried out and walked out...
On the morning of January 8, Premier Zhou Enlai passed away forever. Gu Mu suddenly lost his balance in his heart and was deeply saddened for a long time. On the evening of January 12, he wrote down his feelings at that time in his diary: "A politician has such a high reputation in the world and has such a deep impression in the minds of the people of the whole country. His death caused such a strong reaction. How many people can there be in ancient and modern times? ! ”
This article is original "Party History Bo Cai"
Reprints without permission
Infringement will be prosecuted
right protection support: Hebei Ji Neng Law Firm
