Tubo in the Middle Ages was an inexpensive existence. In just over a decade, Songtsen Gampo had gone from a serfdom regime that was not considered a country to become one of the three major powers in the world. He defeated Dashi three times and captured Chang'an two times. Even w

The medieval Tubo is a great existence. In the hands of Songtsen Gampo , in just over a decade, he became one of the three major powers in the world. He defeated Dashi (Arab) three times and captured Chang'an . Even when the Central Plains dynasty was the most powerful, he defeated it repeatedly.

1, the rise of Tubo

Tubo had a maximum area of ​​more than 6 million square kilometers, controlling the Ganges River in India in the south, to central Afghanistan in Pakistan in the west, and to Chang'an in the east, with a vast land of less than 300 miles from Chang'an in the east. Among the 8.35 million people, Han people in the south, more than one million.

80 million people in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. When Songtsen Gampo started his business, there were only 250,000 people in Tubo. After defeating Subi , Yang and , it increased to 400,000 people. The population gap between the two sides was 200 times and the economic gap was 400 times, but everything was not a problem before the strong. In 637, after Tuyuhun , who did not want to return to the Tang Dynasty, surrendered to Tubo, Songtsen Gampo quickly launched the Battle of Songzhou in 639, and Tubo dispatched 200,000 cavalry at one time.

Who wins and who loses in the battle of Songzhou? " Tang Book " " Zizhi Tongjian " is different from the historical records of "The Records of Kings and Ministers of Tibet", but one thing is true. Songtsen Gampo's forced marriage was very successful. After marrying Princess Wencheng , he obtained many excellent craftsmen and advanced technology.

After Princess Wencheng married Songtsen Gampo, Nibrahimovic also chose to surrender in 642. The population of Tubo soared to 2.5 million. From then on, it entered the fast lane. Politics, culture, religion, law, industry and agriculture flourished, and military industry made rapid progress. The armor-breaking sharpness of Tubo's crossbow, water wave, spear wing, axe, flying sickle and other weapons even exceeded that of the Tang army. The scale armor of Tubo was equal to that of the Tang army. After Songtsen Gampo's death in 1650, the honeymoon between Tubo and Tang dynasty ended, and a 200-year war began. At this time, the monarch of the Tang Dynasty was Emperor Gaozong, and he was in his prime. He was the best in the world in civil and military affairs. He successively destroyed the Western Turks (657), the Liao people (658), and in 660, he destroyed the countries such as Khitan , Baekje , Tiel and other countries... The area reached 12.43 million square kilometers.

Tubo was not idle either. After unifying Qinghai-Tibet Plateau , it continued to expand its territory into South Asia and Southeast Asia, and conflicts between the two major forces are inevitable. When Tang generals Su Dingfang, Xue Rengui , Hei Ya Changzhi, and Wang Xiaojie killed all directions, Tubo's first war god Lun Qinling emerged.

2, the God of Heaven and Gods Qinling

文版, born in 699, died in 699, his full name is Gar Lu Dongzanzhuo, an outstanding military strategist and politician. His father Lu Dongzan is also a famous general of a generation and was defeated and died by Su Dingfang . Three years later, Su Dingfang passed away and Qinling had no opponent.

in the second year of Qianfeng (667) when Lu Dongzan died, Tubo was young, and Qinling was in charge of the government affairs and served as Lun (prime minister), "Lun" Qinling, Lun was an official position.

The first year of Xianheng (670), Qinling led the Tubo army to capture the four towns of Anxi in the Tang Dynasty. Emperor Gaozong was furious. In the court, Xue Rengui was the leader of the military general, but Emperor Gaozong was unsure and did not know whether Xue Rengui could defeat the first general of Xifan.

carriages were ripped, horses were Xiaoxiao, and the iron cavalry of the Tang Dynasty set off a journey all over the sky, crossed Shanzhou (now Ledu), and the wind swept the southwest.

Unexpectedly, in the battle of Dafeichuan on the Qinghai Republic, Guo Shifeng advanced rampantly, and more than 100,000 elite Tang troops were surrounded by 400,000 coalition forces led by the Tubo god of war Qinling in August. There was no food and grass inside and no reinforcements outside, and they were forced to fight to the decisive battle. The fierce horses on both sides galloped, and the arrows were like locusts, and the Tang army was completely defeated. Xue Rengui was forced to sign a treaty with Qinling and was defeated and exiled to Xiangzhou.

is undoubtedly a shame. Xue Rengui has been on the battlefield for decades, destroyed the nine surnames Tiel, subdued Goryeo, defeated Turkic , three arrows to determine the Tianshan Mountain, and took off his hat and ten thousand enemies... It is the pride of the entire Tang , but if he loses, he will lose, and it will also open up Qinling's brilliant achievements.

78 In the battle of Qinghai, Qinling cleverly deployed the maze formation, destroying the elite Tang army led by Liu Shenzhi and Li Jingxuan again. After hiding for rescue, he retreated calmly.

htmlThe Battle of Baishuijian in 1682 tied with Tang Jiang Lou Shide and retreated.

htmlIn 1682, Qinling beat the Tang army in the states of Zhe, Song, Yi and other states of the Tang Dynasty, and stole a lot of gold, silver and treasures.

htmlIn the Battle of Anxi in 1689, Tang generals Yan Wengu and Wei Waiji were in Western Regions VS Qinling, and their entire army was wiped out again. Wu Zetian was furious and ordered Yan Wengu and exiled Wei Waiji.

htmlIn 1692, Wang Xiaojie fought fiercely against the Western Turkic + Tubo coalition forces, defeating Ashinatuozi, Bo Lunzan Lun and Xiduoyu, but Qin Ling did not participate in the command due to illness.

htmlIn the Battle of Taozhou in 1696, Qinling fought against Wang Xiaojie and Lou Shide. The Tang army was defeated at the foot of Suluo Mountain, with blood flowing into a river, and more than 100,000 were killed in battle. General Wang Xiaojie was demoted to a commoner.

In addition, during the small battle, the Tubo army led by Qinling also defeated the Tang army many times. It is hard to imagine that the Tang army at the strongest time could not compete with the ethnic minority regime.

3, killing people with a knife

, but the war was all about comprehensive national strength. The comprehensive national strength of the prosperous Tang Dynasty was far superior to Tubo on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. GDP accounted for 58% of the world at that time. Even if Qinling could defeat the Tang army with short assault tactics, he could not destroy the giant empire, and he had many internal contradictions.

Qinling's pressure on the Tang Dynasty gave Li Zhi and Wu Zetian a headache.

With the remnant power of the battle in Taozhou, Qinling took the initiative to discuss peace with the Tang Dynasty, proposing to cede the four towns of Anxi and the ten Turkic surnames, but was rejected by Wu Zetian. Emperor Wu was not the one who ceded land to seek peace. If you want to discuss peace, then let’s talk. After careful consideration, Emperor Wu sent a gangster Guo Yuanzhen to make trouble with Qin Ling.

Who is Guo Yuanzhen? Jeju The son of Guo Shanai, the governor of Governor, is like Wei Zhongxian, who is bad, and has a lot of skills and is versatile. Otherwise, it would be impossible for him to pass the Jinshi at the age of 18. This second-generation official often does things that scumbags do, such as trafficking women, opening casinos, etc., and even minted coins privately. The bad things lasted from 673 to 796. This rogue relationship network is huge. After the reputation spread to Wu Zetian, Wu Zetian was originally planning to punish him, but this guy wrote an article " Sword Chapter ". When Emperor Wu saw that he was indeed a talent, he pardoned him and made him the Chief of Fengchen. In 696, he was ordered to go on a mission to Tubo.

Don’t look at this Guo Yuanzhen’s other things, sowing discord is no less than encouraging Zhao Wang to kill Li Mu , which is even better than Qin Hui .

After arriving in Tubo, he first opened the way for money and bought a large number of Tubo nobles endorses, denounced Qinling for "no regard for the ruler, oppressing court officials, mercenaries respect themselves, and making ill-conspiracy..."

Guo Yuanzhen's remarks were exactly the same as the political demands of the young Tubo Zanpu Xide Zuzan. Xiao Zanpu has grown up now, but his power is controlled by the Regent Gar family. The relationship is like the monarch and ministers of Obai and Kangxi . Especially when he heard that the neighboring country only knew that there was "Qinling" but not Zanpu, he hated him so much that his teeth were bleeding. After leaving the upper class, Guo organized a group of people to provoke him, inciting the people to fight against the military service and corvee that Qin Ling imposed for the war, and deceived the people to flee to the Tang Dynasty.

Qinling is not a vegetarian, so he sent people to capture Guo Yuanzhen. The guards of the Potala Palace were tense and the guards of the Prime Minister's Office were tense. Guo Yuanzhen took the opportunity to escape back to the Tang Dynasty and completed the mission successfully.

In 699 AD, Zanpu and his ministers conspired to lead a large number of cavalry to Qinling's garrison in the name of hunting, and killed more than 2,000 Qinling's gang members.

Qinling summoned the army to fight back, but most of the generals were loyal to Zanpu, and Qinling committed suicide due to his defeat.The opposition of the stern face continued to expand. Qinling's younger brother Zan Po led more than a thousand people to surrender to the Tang Dynasty. He was named King of Guide and General of the Right Guard to guard Hongyuan Valley (now west of Gulang, Gansu). His son Gong Ren also led Tuyuhun's troops to join the Tang Dynasty and was granted the title of General Zuo Yuqin. Later, he was promoted to General Right Guard and Prince of Chuan County.

4, Tubo Fengyun 200

must like Wu Zetian's wisdom. If you are a little moved, you will solve the most powerful enemy of the empire and maximize your interests.

Tubo's vital energy was severely damaged after this civil strife. In 700 AD, Tang general Xiu Jing led the Tang army to attack Qinling's Tubo general Qu Mangbu. He won six battles and six victories. Tubo was beaten to the ground and searched for teeth. It was not until , Chisong Dezan, one of the three Dharma kings, came to power and recovered his vitality.

After the Anshi Rebellion , 200,000 Tubo's army captured Chang'an, and Dizong Li Yu hurriedly fled. In 790, Tubo became a powerful empire, with actual control areas including today's Qinghai, Xinjiang, Tibet, Gansu, Ningxia, Nepal , Bhutan , northern India, Pakistan central and 1. Sichuan and Yunnan, my country.

Commentary:

comprehension, Qinling is much more wise than Han Xin Bai Qi and Li Mu. These people are just pure soldiers and invincible military strategists. They are all novice in politics, especially Han Xin, whose political wisdom is almost 0. Qinling was not only a super military strategist, but also a good at governing the country and a wise diplomat. He pushed the Tubo Dynasty to a new height with his own strength.

In addition, Qinling is also a wise man. According to the Tibetan literature of Dunhuang, Qinling is eloquent, has outstanding eloquence, and is proficient in Han culture. Wang Xiaojie, the commander of the Tang army, wrote a letter to Qinling, "... Thunderbolt from the sky, bombarding the rocks, how can you resist the rocks?" Qinling replied without thinking:

" Although there are many birds, there are food for eagles and falcons; although there are many fish swimming, otters and 3 plate meals... The trees are a hundred feet high, and one axe is enough; although the rivers are wide, one can be saved..."

Qinling, an amazing person, has not been passed down in the history of the Han family.

Reference materials: "New Book of Tang. Volume 126"

"Records of the Kings and Ministers of Tibet"

"New Red History" "Baibai History"

"Old Book of Tang. Biography 33"

"Zizhi Tongjian. Volume 251"