Editor's note: Resolutions on several historical issues of the Party were the political wisdom and historical vision that Mao Zedong opened up. If we examine the three "historical resolutions" made in the history of the Party, we will find clues that are penetrated through theoretical deepening and practical exploration. From the perspective of theoretical deepening clues, the "Historical Resolution" emphasizes the basic status and guiding role of Marxism as the "theoretical foundation that guides our thoughts", and highlights the innovative development of the combination of Marxism with China's specific reality; from the perspective of practical exploration clues, the "Historical Resolution" emphasizes the core status and leadership role of the Communist Party of China in the historical task of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, and highlights the fundamental problems that the Communist Party of China needs to solve. Along these two important clues, we can understand more deeply why the whole Party must establish the guiding role of the Marxist innovative theoretical achievements and be unswerving and unwavering, and more deeply why the Communists must not forget their original aspirations and keep their mission in mind and clarify the strong leadership core of the great cause, and more deeply understand why the "historical resolution" permeates the idea of "people's subject".
"Historical Resolution" is a profound summary and judgment standard for historical issues, a crystallization of thought and cognitive wisdom based on reality, and a political declaration and action program for the future. Because of this, the clues of theoretical deepening and practical exploration are carried out in the "Historical Resolution". The author believes that in order to combine the three "historical resolutions" of the Party, especially to deeply study and understand the "Resolution of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on the Major Achievements and Historical Experience of the Party's Centennial Struggle" (hereinafter referred to as the "third 'historical resolution'"), it is necessary to further grasp the two clues of ideological and theoretical logic and practical exploration logic.
. Clues for deepening theory—Combining theoretical foundation with Chinese reality: Taking the sinicization of Marxism as a clue
Resolution on several historical issues of the Party is made. This is the political wisdom and historical vision that Mao Zedong opened. Since the formation of the first generation of central leadership collective with Comrade Mao Zedong as the core, the Communist Party of China has attached great importance to summarizing the party's historical experience, which has become a fine tradition and political advantage that the party has always maintained. When Marxist parties summarize their own historical experience, the first point is to summarize the development context and historical experience that combines Marxism with its own country's reality, so as to clarify some basic issues in the real development of Marxism, including the issue of recognizing the "true" and "false" Marxism. Therefore, the most fundamental ideological clue of our party's "historical resolution" is to examine the "theoretical basis that guides our thoughts" - the combination of "Marxism-Leninism" with China's specific reality, whether the combination is correct or not, and what are the combined ideological crystallizations.
(I) The first "historical resolution" runs through the clues of sinicization of Marxism from beginning to end
The "Resolution on Several Historical Issues" drafted by Mao Zedong is abbreviated as the "first 'historical resolution'". When you open this "historical resolution", its theoretical logic starts with the sinicization of Marxism. The first sentence shows that since the founding of the Communist Party of China in 1921, it is "a pointer for all its work" that "combines the universal truth of Marxism-Leninism with the concrete practice of the Chinese revolution." This shows that after the birth of the Communist Party of China, all its practical activities were also the deepening process of the sinicization of Marxism and the process of combining Marxist theory and practice. The ending of this "historical resolution" ends with the deepening of the sinicization of Marxism - it particularly emphasizes that the Marxist thought represented by Mao Zedong "has more generally and deeply grasped the cadres, party members and the people." This points out the formation of the theoretical achievements of the sinicization of Marxism and its continuous deepening direction.Therefore, to grasp the history of the Communist Party of China, we must first deeply grasp the ideological and theoretical main line on which the Communist Party of China relies on for its existence and development: the universal truth of Marxism-Leninism must be combined with the specific practice of the Chinese revolution along the direction of sinicization, and ultimately "to grasp cadres, party members and the people more generally and deeply."
The Party’s first “historical resolution” starts from the perspective of ideological and theoretical perspective, which is to solve the problem of our Party’s “what is and what to do” based on the theoretical basis of the guiding ideology. The resolution specifically pointed out that in the process of combining Marxist theory with China's specific reality, Mao Zedong's direction was correct, "Comrade Mao Zedong's theory and practice on the Chinese revolution are representative of this combination." The resolution particularly emphasized that China produced our party's "own leader Comrade Mao Zedong", and emphasized that Mao Zedong creatively applied the scientific theory of Marxism-Leninism to a major country like China, with peasants as the main masses, anti-imperialism and feudalism as the direct task, and was widespread, with extremely complex situations and extremely difficult struggles, thus "gloriously developing" Lenin Stalin's theory on the colonial semi-colonial issue and Stalin's theory on the Chinese revolution. This resolution points out that as long as you adhere to the correct Marxist-Leninist line and correctly apply Marxist theory to the specific reality of China, the Communist Party of China will be able to achieve unprecedented consolidation and unity in ideological, political and organizational aspects, and will be able to develop into a "strong revolutionary force", gather a strong party and a strong team, and thus achieve great achievements.
The first "historical resolution" specifically mentioned when criticizing the various mistakes that have occurred in the history of the Party because of not understanding the "combination" that some of the practices of those sectarians and those who carry out the "left" line are that they do not know how to organically combine Marxist theory with China's specific reality, and crack down on and obstruct the development of "fresh and lively and creative Marxism within the Party." This criticism just shows that the so-called Marxism hanging high among the few people, only using "books" to talk about things, and is dry and tasteless, is divorced from China's reality; only Marxism that combines fresh practice and is creative, "more universally and deeply grasps cadres, party members and the people" can be "real" Marxism, "action" Marxism, and Marxism that can "transform China and the world".
Following the clues that combine Marxist theory with China's specific reality, the first "historical resolution" further reveals the important reason why our party has made mistakes in history: moving several individual words and sentences from Marxist-Leninist books to China as dogmas, and not studying whether these words and sentences are in line with China's actual situation at that time, it abandons the spiritual essence of Marxism-Leninism. This resolution criticizes these people for being separated from reality and their leadership and the masses. They are not seeking truth from facts, but are self-righteous. They are arrogant and boastful, and are afraid of correct criticism and self-criticism. This resolution clearly states that all political, military and organizational mistakes are from ideological violations of Marxism-Leninism and historical materialism, and are from subjectivism and formalism, dogmatism and empiricism. Therefore, the resolution requires the whole party to completely overcome the ideas of dogmatism and empiricism, so that the ideas, lines and style of Marxism-Leninism can be popularized and penetrated into the whole party. This resolution told all comrades of the Party that in correcting these mistakes and criticizing all kinds of subjective errors such as dogmatism and empiricism, Mao Zedong set an example for the whole Party, and fully affirmed Mao Zedong's investigation and research on the actual situation of Chinese society in applying the universal truth of Marxism-Leninism, the work of specifically analyzing the actual situation inside and outside the Party and its characteristics based on dialectical materialism and historical materialism, and Mao Zedong's "creative" application of Marxism in China practice.
The first "historical resolution" also clearly reminds all comrades of the Party to be "vigilant": it is not a short-term thing to be completely unified in the Party's ideology with Marxism-Leninism, "It is also necessary to continue to overcome erroneous ideas for a long time." Therefore, this resolution requires all comrades in the Party to strengthen the ideological education of Marxism-Leninism and focus on the practice of the Chinese revolution in order to further develop the correct party style.
Our party made such a "historical resolution" during the Yan'an period. From an ideological and theoretical perspective, it is to establish a Marxist ideological line of seeking truth from facts - this ideological line represents the essence and soul of Mao Zedong Thought. This resolution unifies the thoughts of the whole party with the creative theoretical achievement of Marxism - Mao Zedong Thought. It not only promoted the in-depth development of the Yan'an Rectification Movement, but also strengthened the unity of the whole party on the basis of Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought, thus playing a huge role in winning the final victory of the national war of resistance and the victory of the Chinese revolution.
(II) The second "historical resolution" reestablished the Marxist line
The "Resolution on Several Historical Issues of the Party Since the Founding of the People's Republic of China" drafted by Deng Xiaoping is the second "historical resolution" in the history of the Party. When talking about "we summarize the fundamental purpose of our 32 years of historical experience since the founding of the People's Republic of China", this "historical resolution" emphasized the extreme importance of adhering to the four basic principles, that is, to determine the political foundation and fundamental guarantee for the smooth progress of the socialist modernization cause.
" Four Basic Principles ", the basic principle of "adhering to Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought". In other words, to successfully create a new situation in reform and opening up and socialist modernization, we must re-establish the Marxist line from the ideological, political and organizational perspective. Only in this way can our party grasp the initiative to rectify the situation; if there is no correct Marxist line, especially if we cannot fully and accurately grasp the creative theoretical achievements of the sinicization of Marxism, namely Mao Zedong Thought, there is no good situation of reform and opening up.
The most important and core issue to be solved in the second "historical resolution" is how to deal with the problems of Comrade Mao Zedong and Mao Zedong Thought. From another perspective, it is to have a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the representatives of the sinicization of Marxism and to fully and accurately understand the theoretical achievements of Marxism. In Deng Xiaoping's words, "the most important, the most fundamental and the most critical" is to establish Comrade Mao Zedong's historical status and uphold and develop Mao Zedong Thought, "this is the most core one." The "most core" mentioned here is actually a fundamental issue in the sinicization of Marxism. This resolution emphasizes that Mao Zedong Thought is the product of the combination of the universal principles of Marxism-Leninism and the specific practice of the Chinese revolution. The resolution focused on elaborating the "creativeness" of Mao Zedong Thought in the process of combining the basic principles of Marxism-Leninism with China's specific practice, and particularly summarized the "living soul" of Mao Zedong Thought, that is, the position, viewpoint and method that runs through the above components. They have three basic aspects, namely seeking truth from facts, mass line, and independence." When elaborating on the issue of seeking truth from facts, this resolution particularly emphasizes the principle of starting from reality, combining theory with practice, and combining the universal principles of Marxism with the specific practice of the Chinese revolution. The second "Historical Resolution" also specifically mentioned that Mao Zedong profoundly discussed and enriched the epistemology and dialectics of Marxism in his philosophical works and many other works containing rich philosophical thoughts. It pointed out that Mao Zedong provided our party with the "most glorious example" in the application and development of Marxist epistemology and dialectics, thus forming a position, viewpoint and method with the characteristics of the Chinese Communists, enriching and developing Marxism-Leninism.This enrichment and development not only has many aspects, but also forms a "original theory."
Of course, the second "historical resolution" also faces the mistakes made by our party. When analyzing the serious and wrong problems like the "Cultural Revolution" occurred, it is precisely from the perspective of deviating from the correct track of Marxism. This resolution clearly states that if we deviate from the correct path of combining the universal principles of Marxism-Leninism with the specific practice of the Chinese revolution, there will inevitably be "left" erroneous arguments, and these erroneous views must be distinguished from Mao Zedong Thought.
The theoretical logical starting point and development of the second "historical resolution" always runs through a clue of the sinicization of Marxism. When briefly reviewing the process of the Party leading the people in the struggle in 28 years before the founding of New China, we pointed out from the beginning what kind of Party our Party is and where it came from, and emphasized the theoretical attribute and practical direction of the Communist Party of China are the product of the combination of Marxism-Leninism and the Chinese workers' movement; at the end, this "historical resolution" clearly shows what our Party should do and where it should go: under the guidance of Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought, we strive to gradually build our country into a modern, highly democratic, and highly civilized socialist power! This "coming" and "going" are all related to the sinicization of Marxism. This resolution clearly shows that only the Sinicized and creative Marxism can guide our practice; only by following the socialist path with Chinese characteristics can we save and develop China. This is the most basic historical conclusion drawn by the Chinese people from their own personal experience.
Reestablish the historical status of Comrade Mao Zedong, uphold and develop Mao Zedong Thought, and restore and establish the Marxist ideological line, political line and organizational line. This is the greatest political achievement of the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Party and the second "historical resolution" made by the Party. Since then, our Party has grasped the "initiative" of history. It is precisely because of this that our party can lay the ideological starting point for socialism with Chinese characteristics under the correct Marxist line, and embark on a new historical journey of reform and opening up and socialism with Chinese characteristics in keeping with the times.
(III) The third "historical resolution" emphasizes the continuous promotion of the sinicization and modernization of Marxism
The third "historical resolution" with General Secretary Xi Jinping personally as the head of the drafting group. It summarizes the major achievements and historical experience of our party's 100 years of struggle, focuses on the new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and summarizes the original ideas formed since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the revolutionary practices promoted, the breakthrough progress and landmark achievements made. The purpose of doing this is to guide the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups in the country to further strengthen their confidence, focus on what they are doing, move into the second century new journey with a more uplifting attitude, and strive to realize the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
The third "historical resolution" also contains clear theoretical deepening clues. When talking about some considerations in drafting this "historical resolution", General Secretary Xi Jinping specifically mentioned that we should "deeply study" some major issues, including the important clue of combining Marxist theory with China's specific reality, namely: "In-depth study of the Party insists on combining the basic principles of Marxism with China's specific reality and with China's excellent traditional culture, continuously promote the century-old process of the sinicization of Marxism, and deepen the understanding and mastery of the Party's innovative theories in the new era." Because of this, when talking about the main tasks and great achievements our party faced in various historical periods over the past century of struggle, the third "Historical Resolution" specifically mentioned that it is necessary to lead the development of the cause with theoretical innovation. The new situations created by our Party are related to the Party’s continuous use of innovative theories to guide practice. With new situations, the sinicization of Marxism has also continuously achieved a "historic leap" or a "new leap".Therefore, the third "historical resolution" particularly emphasizes the need to "continuously promote the sinicization and modernization of Marxism, absorb all the outstanding achievements of civilization created by mankind with a broad mind, and guide the scientific theory of the sinicization of Philosophy, and use great Marxism to practice."
It is particularly noteworthy that the third "historical resolution" systematically summarizes the core content of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era with "ten clear" and scientifically explains the theoretical connotation and great significance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. This is a highlight and theoretical focus of the third "historical resolution", and it is also a major theoretical achievement of the sinicization of Marxism after the entry of socialism with Chinese characteristics into a new era. It reveals the original contribution and innovative development achievements of the sinicization of Marxism in the new era. The third "historical resolution" fully affirms the original theoretical contribution of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era and the historic achievements and historic changes in promoting the practice of socialism with Chinese characteristics.
Everything starts from the specific reality of China and continuously realizes theoretical innovation in the vivid social practice of the people. It is the inherent requirement for the sinicization of Marxism to be truly realized; always adhere to scientific theoretical guidance and theoretical innovation is the mystery of the Communist Party of China maintaining vitality and vitality. This is also a fundamental reason why Marxism is "working". This point is also prominently reflected in the theoretical development clues of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. We can clearly see that General Secretary Xi Jinping adheres to the correct direction of the sinicization of Marxism. In the process of solving a series of major problems faced by the Party and the country in the new era, he originally put forward a series of new concepts, new ideas and new strategies for governing the country. He is the main founder of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. Therefore, the third "historical resolution" clearly points out: "Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era is contemporary Chinese Marxism, Marxism of the 21st century, and the essence of the times of Chinese culture and Chinese spirit, and has achieved a new leap in the sinicization of Marxism." From this point, we can also see that the third "historical resolution" and the first two "historical resolutions" are in line with the establishment of the Party's guiding ideology and strengthening the Party's theoretical construction. The third "historical resolution" clearly shows that General Secretary Xi Jinping set an example for promoting the sinicization of Marxism and set an example for the Party's theoretical innovation in combining the basic principles of Marxism with the specific reality of China in the new era and with the excellent traditional Chinese culture. Therefore, " two establishing " reflects the call of the times, the choice of history, and the wishes of the people.
In short, in the three "historical resolutions" made in the history of the Party, in terms of establishing and continuously consolidating the guiding role of Marxism, in terms of solving the unification of thought, will, and actions of the whole Party, especially "unification under the general principle of Marxism-Leninism", in "arming the whole Party with the Party's innovative theories", and uniting and leading the people of all ethnic groups in the country to learn from history and create the future, their consistent "roots" and clues to deepen ideological and theoretical deepening are consistent.
2. Practical exploration clues - the main tasks are combined with fundamental problems: take the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation as the clue
In the three "historical resolutions" made by our party, the "main contradictions", "main tasks", "fundamental tasks", "basic tasks" and so on face by the party and the country in a certain historical period, as well as the main problems, fundamental problems, and basic problems to be solved accordingly; the determination of the main tasks and the shift of the work focus are also clearly discussed. Accurately determine and firmly assume these historical tasks, and firmly grasp the fundamental problems that need to be solved, so as to consistently carry out "all struggles, all sacrifices, and all creations" for the realization of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. This is the most fundamental practical exploration clue that runs through our party's "historical resolutions".
In the first two "historical resolutions", we have described the main contradictions and main tasks faced by our party in various historical periods. When analyzing the reasons why our party has made "left" mistakes in socialist construction, the second "historical resolution" also clearly points out the "increasingly serious left deviation" in the "view of the main contradictions in our society" from the ideological roots. This clearly points out the relationship between the main contradiction and the main task. After entering the new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics, our party has clearly seen the changes in the main contradictions and further deeply analyzed the main contradictions and issues facing Chinese society. This point is also clearly reflected in the third "historical resolution", pointing out the main contradiction in our society in the new era, "is the contradiction between the people's growing needs for a better life and the unbalanced and inadequate development. This main contradiction determines that our party must "adhere to the people-centered development philosophy, develop people's democracy in the whole process, and promote the all-round development of people and the common prosperity of all people to make more obvious and substantial progress."
Accurately judges the main contradiction, which also clarifies our main task. The third "historical resolution" more systematically and clearly summarizes the main tasks facing our party in various historical periods. These main tasks are the historical responsibilities that generations of Chinese Communists have continued to bear. After all, their basic clues and themes are: "Realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation."
Under the main tasks determined by the main contradictions and the practical clues and action themes reflected, our party has also clarified a series of "fundamental" problems that it needs to solve. These "fundamental issues" are also systematically reflected in the three "historical resolutions" made by our party. Below we focus on the third "historical resolution" to observe the five particularly clear fundamental issues.
(I) Practical clues that run through the original aspiration and mission
The theme of action of the Chinese Communists and the practical exploration clues that run through the "historical resolution" are the first reflection of the original aspiration and mission of the party, which is a "fundamental problem" she wants to solve. Therefore, the Party’s third “historical resolution” puts forward this “fundamental issue” most clearly in combination with the historical responsibility our Party takes the initiative to shoulder. The first sentence of the "preface" of this resolution points out the unchanging original aspiration and mission of the Chinese Communists, "seeking happiness for the Chinese people and rejuvenation for the Chinese nation". In the last part of this resolution, when elaborating on the question of what the "China Communist Party of China in the new era" should do and how it should do in the second century, it clearly pointed out: "Only by keeping in mind the fundamental question of what the Communist Party of China is and what it should do." Solving this fundamental problem requires us to always be firm in our ideals and beliefs, be good at grasping the general trend of historical development, especially in the process of moving towards the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, and be good at learning historical lessons from past detours and setbacks. This is what the third "Historical Resolution" emphasizes: "Don't be afraid of any risks, be confused by any interference, and never make subversive mistakes on fundamental issues."
From the three "historical resolutions", we can clearly see the clear clue of the original mission. Keeping in mind the "why people's question" will fundamentally clarify your original aspiration and mission, and you will be clear about your "what you are and what you want to do". Seeking happiness for the Chinese people and rejuvenation for the Chinese nation is an unchanging red line that runs through all our party’s past, present and future struggles.
(II) Practical clues that run through the core strength
To achieve the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, we must have extremely strong leadership. The Communist Party of China is the core force leading our cause. The strong leadership of the Party is the fundamental political guarantee for the development of the Party and the country.The historical process since modern times shows that the most fundamental reason why the Chinese people and the Chinese nation are able to reverse their historical destiny, achieve today's great achievements step by step in the long-term struggle, and continue to create a new historical journey of the great rejuvenation of the nation is the strong leadership of the Communist Party of China. This is also a "fundamental issue" emphasized by the third "historical resolution". This "historical resolution" specifically points out: "History and reality have proved that without the Communist Party of China, there would be no New China and there would be no great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation."
The three "historical resolutions" of the Party have made relevant discussions on this fundamental issue. In the first "historical resolution", the extreme importance of the correct leadership of the Party to the Chinese revolution was emphasized; in the second "historical resolution", the extreme importance of the Party's leadership to the future and destiny of the Chinese nation was emphasized, and it was pointed out: "If there was no party's leadership, no flesh-and-blood ties formed with the people in the long-term struggle, no arduous, meticulous and fruitful work carried out by the Party among the people and the noble prestige enjoyed, then our country will inevitably be divided due to various internal and external reasons, and the future of our nation and people will only be ruined." In the third "Historical Resolution", the "Party's core leadership role in taking overall charge and coordinating all parties" was further emphasized, and specifically pointed out: "The Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core clearly stated that the Party's leadership is the fundamental and lifeline of the Party and the country, and the interests and destiny of the people of all ethnic groups in the country. The whole Party must consciously maintain a high degree of unity with the Party Central Committee in terms of ideology, politics and actions." When summarizing the valuable historical experience accumulated by the Party leading the people in great struggles over the past 100 years, the first experience summarized by the third "Historical Resolution" is "upholding the leadership of the Party." This shows the extreme importance of this fundamental problem.
Regarding this fundamental issue, General Secretary Xi Jinping profoundly pointed out: "The key to doing things well in China lies in the Party. The most essential feature of socialism with Chinese characteristics is the leadership of the Communist Party of China. The greatest advantage of socialist system with Chinese characteristics is the leadership of the Communist Party of China. Upholding and improving the leadership of the Party is the fundamental and lifeline of the Party and the country, and the interests and happiness of the people of all ethnic groups in the country." Historical facts and the development trajectory of Chinese society since modern times fully demonstrate that without the overall leadership of the Communist Party of China, the prosperity and development of the country and nation will lose its roots, the happiness and well-being of the people of all ethnic groups in the country will lose its roots, and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation will also lose its roots. Therefore, the third "historical resolution" specifically pointed out when elaborating on this fundamental issue: "As long as we adhere to the Party's overall leadership without wavering, resolutely safeguard the Party's core and the authority of the Party Central Committee, give full play to the political advantages of the Party's leadership, and implement the Party's leadership in all fields, aspects and links, we will surely ensure that the whole Party, the whole army and the people of all ethnic groups in the country are united and moving forward."
(III) Practical clues running through the establishment of the leadership core and guiding ideology
State of practice in realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, we must have a strong leadership core and a scientific guiding ideology. History and reality have fully proved that establishing the core position of the Party’s leader and establishing the guiding role of the Party’s guiding ideology is a fundamental issue related to the development of our Party and the country. Our Party has always attached great importance to solving this "fundamental problem". Judging from the first "historical resolution" passed by our party in 1945 and the second "historical resolution" passed in 1981, both of which regard this fundamental issue as the greatest political achievement. Deng Xiaoping repeatedly said about the extreme importance of this fundamental issue when talking about the second "historical resolution", and emphasized that "the most core and fundamental issue in the resolution is to uphold and develop Mao Zedong Thought."
"Establishing the leadership core and guiding ideology" runs through the practical activities our party leads the people, and also through the consensus reached by our party's three "historical resolutions".As early as when our party made the first "historical resolution", it pointed out in particular: "It is especially worthy of our gratitude that our party, represented by Comrade Mao Zedong, creatively applied the revolutionary theories of Marx, Engels, Lenin and Stalin to the work of Chinese conditions, has made great progress in the past decade. Our party finally established the leadership of Comrade Mao Zedong in the central and the entire party in the last period of the Agrarian Revolutionary War. This is the greatest achievement of the Communist Party of China during this period and the greatest guarantee for the liberation of the Chinese people." The first "historical resolution" also emphasized at the end that after solving this "fundamental problem", "it will surely bring great progress and invincible power to the party and the Chinese revolution."
After socialism with Chinese characteristics enters a new era, the "two establishments" are not only the logical development of the Party and the people in practical exploration, but also the theoretical summary further made by the Sixth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China; it is not only the most important political achievement achieved since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, but also the fundamental guarantee for the historic achievements and historic changes of the Party and the country in the new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Therefore, the third "historical resolution" clearly points out in the sense of "fundamental" and "decisive": "The Party establishes Comrade Xi Jinping's core position in the Party Central Committee and the core position of the whole Party, and establishes the guiding role of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, reflects the common wishes of the whole Party, the whole army and the people of all ethnic groups in the country. It is of decisive significance to the development of the cause of the Party and the country in the new era and to promote the historical process of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation."
(IV) Practical clues that run through the foundation and rely on
In all our party's practical activities, among the practical clues that run through the "historical resolution", there is a question of who to rely on and who to focus on. The nature of the Communist Party of China and its purpose determines that the foundation of this party lies in the people and its strength lies in the people. Therefore, "people-centered" and "adhering to people-first" are the "most fundamental issues" of the Communist Party of China. Therefore, when summarizing the valuable experience of our party’s 100 years of struggle, the third "historical resolution" particularly emphasized the fundamental experience of "upholding the people first".
The basis of the first "historical resolution" is always putting "the party and the people" together. This resolution particularly emphasizes that the Communist Party of China is "a representative of the interests of the people and a concentrated member of the people's will". The party and its leading team must "rely rely on the strength of the people in order to survive, victory and development." The second "historical resolution" also specifically uses metaphors such as "flesh-and-blood connection with the people" and "flesh-and-blood connection with the people" to describe the inseparable relationship between the Party and the people.
The third "historical resolution" further discusses from the perspective of "fundamental issues" that "the party's foundation lies in the people, blood lies in the people, and strength lies in the people. The people are the greatest confidence in the party's governance and rejuvenation"; it points out that "the greatest danger after the party takes power is to be separated from the masses. The party represents the fundamental interests of the vast majority of the people of China, has no special interests of its own, and never represents the interests of any interest groups, any powerful groups, or any privileged class. This is the fundamental reason for the party's invincible place." This resolution particularly emphasizes the development philosophy and work orientation of the Communist Party of China's "people-centered" and emphasizes "adhering to the fundamental purpose of serving the people wholeheartedly." If we leave the people and cannot represent the fundamental interests of the vast majority of the people, our party will fall into "the greatest danger", lose its foundation and foundation, and lose its confidence and strength.
On this fundamental issue, General Secretary Xi Jinping has made many profound statements since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "The people's standpoint is the fundamental political standpoint of the Communist Party of China and a prominent sign that distinguishes Marxist parties from other political parties. The Party and the people share their hardships and hardships, and always maintain flesh-and-blood ties. It is the fundamental guarantee for the Party to overcome all difficulties and risks. As the saying goes, "Get the people, you will gain the country, and lose the people, you will lose the country.""Precisely because of this flesh-and-blood connection between our party and the people, all Communists must consciously take serving the people wholeheartedly as the fundamental starting point and end point of all actions, and take the fundamental interests and requirements of the vast majority of the people as the highest standard for all work. If our party wants to pass the "long-term governance", it must cherish and make good use of the power given by the people, consciously let the people supervise their power, rely closely on the people to create historical achievements, and promote historical progress.
(V) Practical clues in road selection
What path a country takes is determined by the objective historical development of this country and the independent choice of the people. History and reality have made clear answers to the major question of what path the Chinese nation has taken toward great rejuvenation. As General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "Socialism with Chinese characteristics is the fundamental achievement achieved by the Party and the people through untold hardships and huge costs, and is the correct path to realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. "This is the choice of history and the choice of the people.
" Direction determines the road, and the road determines destiny. "The road problem has always been the "fundamental problem" of the Communist Party of China. Judging from the great process of China's revolution, construction, and reform and opening up, "going your own way" is a fundamental question that the Chinese Communists face and need to firmly answer in the difficult exploration. The practical exploration of this fundamental question also runs through various "historical resolutions". For example, the second "historical resolution" particularly emphasizes the issue of China's road and points out: "Since the Third Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee, our party has gradually established a correct path for socialist modernization that is suitable for our country's situation. "This "historical resolution" specifically points out that in the process of combining the universal principles of Marxism-Leninism with the specific practice of our country, "Comrade Mao Zedong has always emphasized that our policy should be placed on the basis of our own strength and find a way forward that suits our country's situation." In entering the new era, the path we have taken and the theme we have solved are completely consistent, and the theme we have summarized is one: to realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. The path we have taken is one: "Asking a thousand ways and saying ten thousand things are attributed to one point, that is, to uphold and develop socialism with Chinese characteristics. "
The third "historical resolution" mentioned many times and emphasized the issue of road selection. It talked about the Party's century-long struggle "successfully opened up the correct path to realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation"; when discussing the road selection since reform and opening up and the establishment of Deng Xiaoping Theory, this resolution emphasized that our Party united and led the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups in the country to "successfully create socialism with Chinese characteristics"; when summarizing the Party's historical experience, this resolution once again emphasized: "The road of socialism with Chinese characteristics is a prosperous road to create a better life for the people and realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. "
Road issues are directly related to the rise and fall of the cause of the Party and the people. To achieve the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, we must adhere to the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics. This is the correct conclusion drawn by the Communist Party of China leading the people along the way. This correct path requires a perfect system that conforms to China's reality as a guarantee. This is the socialist system with Chinese characteristics. The socialist system with Chinese characteristics has distinct Chinese characteristics, obvious institutional advantages, and strong self-improvement ability. It is the fundamental institutional guarantee for the development and progress of contemporary China. The paths and systems we choose are "fundamental" and are all from modern times. The inevitable choice for the development of China's social. From the perspective of perfection, we can continue to "discover, invent, create, and advance, so that socialism with Chinese characteristics will always be full of vitality"; however, fundamentally speaking, "all the improvements and improvements we have made are to continue to move forward in the established direction, rather than changing the direction, nor to lose the fundamental reason for our party, the country, and the people to settle down."
Regarding the "fundamentality" of the road problem, General Secretary Xi Jinping clearly pointed out: "Whether it is to carry out revolution, construction, or reform, the road problem is the most fundamental problem."The road problem is the first issue that concerns the rise and fall of the party's cause, and the road is the life of the party. Socialism with Chinese characteristics is the dialectical unity of the theoretical logic of scientific socialism and the historical logic of Chinese social development. It is a scientific socialism rooted in the land of China, reflects the wishes of the Chinese people, and adapts to the development and progress requirements of China and the times. It is the only way to build a moderately prosperous society in all respects, accelerate the promotion of socialist modernization, and realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. "
In short, the series of "fundamental problems" mentioned above that need to be solved in the practice of realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation all determine the position, viewpoint, and method we need to take, determine the foothold, ideas and goals of understanding and solving problems, and also determines a series of major principles such as "what we are and what we want to do", where we start and where we want to go, and finally decides Determine our future and destiny. Without these "fundamental issues" to talk about practice, our exploration will inevitably lose its strategy, principles, foundation, and direction.
3. Conclusion
( 1) Following the theoretical deepening clues of "Historical Resolution", we can understand more deeply why the whole Party must establish the guiding role of the innovative theoretical achievements of Marxism and unswervingly and unswervingly and unswervingly
The logic of historical and theoretical development tells us that we must insist on taking Marxism as the ideological foundation of our party and the country, and as our fundamental guiding ideology. On this principle issue, we cannot be ambiguous at all. The theoretical deepening clues of "Historical Resolution" tell us that we must adhere to the guiding ideology of Marxism and unswervingly and unswervingly; deviate from or give up Marxism, our Party will lose its soul and lose its direction. Therefore, General Secretary Xi Jinping particularly emphasized: "On the fundamental issue of upholding the guiding stature of Marxism, we must be unswervingly, and we cannot be shaken at any time or under any circumstances. "
At the same time, the logic of historical and theoretical development also tells us that Marxism cannot be regarded as an unchanging dogma. Marxism is constantly innovating and developing with vivid social practice. Marxist theory, as a guide to action, must be tested in practical struggles, and must be sinicized to take root and localize to be deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. Therefore, the third "historical resolution" summarizes our party's "adhering to theory In the historical experience of innovation, we particularly emphasize the task of "persisting in combining the basic principles of Marxism with China's specific reality and with the excellent traditional Chinese culture". "The two combinations" are the direction of the sinicization of Marxism proposed by the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core at the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Party, and it is also the direction of our party to solve the problem of the guiding ideology keeping pace with the times. In the direction of deepening ideological and theoretical ideas, we are required to constantly answer questions of the times and the people, and promote the sinicization of Marxism from reality in all aspects. Modernization, taking the latest achievements of Marxist theory with continuous innovation and development as a powerful ideological weapon to guide us to understand and transform the world.
(II) Following the practical exploration clues of "historical resolutions", we can understand more deeply why Communists should not forget their original aspirations and keep their mission in mind and clarify the strong leadership core of the great cause
html l1The logic of history and practical development tells us that all social practice activities of the Chinese Communists revolve around the original mission of seeking happiness for the Chinese people and rejuvenation for the Chinese nation. After understanding this original mission, we will basically understand the fundamental question of what kind of party our party is and what we should do. It is precisely because she is the vanguard of the working class and the vanguard of the Chinese people and the Chinese nation that she has no selfish interests of her own, and can only serve the people completely and thoroughly.Only such a party can become the core of leadership of the Chinese people and the backbone of the people; and her visionary leader, because "I will have no self and live up to the people", is willing to take responsibility and contribute to a large party and country, and is historically chosen by the Party and the people as the core. The logic of historical and practical development also tells us that precisely because the Communist Party of China takes the people's yearning for a better life as its goal and motivation for its work, and makes the people live a good life as the starting point and end point of all work, the Chinese people consciously and voluntarily choose to unite around the Communist Party of China through their own personal experiences. As the second "Historical Resolution" says: "The people of all ethnic groups in China have seen this fact from their personal experiences, thus forming a broad united front around the Party, achieving unprecedentedly powerful political unity in our history." Socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era, and the people of all ethnic groups in China have also seen more clearly from their personal experiences that the Communist Party of China and its leaders have led the people to make China from becoming rich to becoming stronger, and have also deeply experienced the irreversible historical process of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. The people consciously and voluntarily united around this Party, sincerely supported and firmly followed it towards the great rejuvenation of the nation.
(III) Whether it is theoretical clues or practical clues, its logical starting point and starting basis are the people. Along with such starting point and basis points, we can more deeply understand why "historical resolutions" permeate the "people's subject" idea
In the "historical resolutions" made by our party, whether they are theoretical clues or practical clues, they initially and ultimately fall on the basic concept of "people". This is why the Party’s third “historical resolution” emphasizes the truth that our Party “will lose its vitality once it is separated from the masses” and “always remember that the country is the people and the people are the country.”
Carefully study the three "historical resolutions" of the Party, we will find that the direction of its theoretical deepening clues is to focus on the people - theories must be tested in mass practice and must master the masses. Theory is connected with practice and close ties with the masses are always two aspects of a whole. Only by unifying the Marxist epistemology with the Party's mass line can our Party's ideological and theoretical ideas have a living soul; in fact, the direction of practical exploration of clues is to focus on the people - development can only be for the people, development must rely on the people, and the fruits of development must be shared by the people, and all work must be based on the people's satisfaction as the standard and the people's happiness as the goal, and unswervingly follow the path of common prosperity for all people. It is precisely because our party always regards the people as the main body of social practice that the people regard this party as the "backbone" and will truly follow this party to work tirelessly to realize the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
By integrating the three "historical resolutions" into study and understanding, and clarifying these basic clues, their basis points and starting points, we will be more clear that when embarking on a new journey of great historical in the second century, we need to cherish the "two establishments", clarify the fundamental issue of our party's "what is and what to do", and more consciously "put people at the center", so as to closely unite the whole party and the people of all ethnic groups in the country, "like a harmonious family, like a piece of solid steel", gather the great power of "invincible", and firmly move forward unswervingly towards the path of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
(Author: Yang Mingwei, Director and Researcher of the Foreign Cooperation and Exchange Bureau of the Central Academy of Party History and Literature, Professor of the School of Marxism, Wuhan University; Source: Mao Zedong Research, Issue 3, 2022)
