He Huanwen and Wen Tuxiu two revolutionary old men are the parents of Mao Zedong's wife He Zizhen and Mao Zetan's wife He Yi.
He Huanwen was originally a gentry in Yongxin County, Jiangxi Province. He embarked on a difficult road because of supporting the revolution of his children. Wen Tuxiu followed her husband and daughter to participate in the revolution, and made great sacrifices. Their lives are also full of the glory of revolutionary history.
After the founding of New China, He Huanwen and his wife were posthumously awarded the revolutionary martyrs, which is also a recognition of the old man's life.
He Huanwen (1871-1938) was born in September 1871 in Huangzhuling Village, Yange Township, 20 kilometers west of Yongxin County.
Although he was a farmer from his ancestors, the He family owns more fields and houses. He Huanwen studied when he was young and was admitted to the scholar in the late Qing Dynasty. After becoming an adult, he donated a juren with his wealthy assets at home. Later, he became the magistrate of Anfu County.
He Huanwen's wife Wen Tuxiu (?-1941 ), is from Meixian, Guangdong. His father moved from Guangdong to Yongxin, Jiangxi. She treats people kindly, and has read books for a few years and reads them. Maintain housework and thrift as the basis and support your husband in building a family and building a career.
He Huanwen and Wen Tuxiu gave birth to two boys and three girls. The eldest son He Minxue, the eldest daughter He Zizhen, the second son He Minren, the second daughter He Yi, and the youngest daughter He Xianyuan.
He Huanwen is an honest official, loyal and honest person, and loves to tell the truth. In the end, he was excluded and resigned from his position as county magistrate of Anfu County.
Back to Yongxin , He Huanwen worked as a sect magistrate in the county government office. He is good at writing calligraphy and often writes complaints for civilians who complain for free.
Once, in order to uphold justice, He Huanwen was implicated in a lawsuit, and was arrested and jailed . In order to redeem him, Wen Tuxiu sold her home property.
After He Huanwen came out, he no longer entered the officialdom. I rented a shop at the south gate of Heshui, the county town, with two front and back buildings. The front building operates groceries and the "Haitianchun" teahouse is opened in the back building.
Wen Tuxiu is good at making tea leaves, and the tea leaves are fragrant and sweet, so she opened this tea house. He Huanwen helped to take care of the accounts.
relies on this small business and work hard to maintain the life of the family. The store is still there, revealing the vicissitudes of life and silence.
Back then, "Haitianchun" was a very typical small shop in the south. There were two pillars under the eaves, supporting a riding building protruding from the street.
Legend has it that there is a Feng Shui master in the city. He walked around the shop three times. When someone asked him, he didn't say anything and left.
What's strange is that the next day, the gentleman came again and brought a magnifying glass, even looking at every corner.
He Huanwen asked for a long time and then the gentleman said slowly: "Although the house is broken, the two buildings support it. If you don't make money, you will produce talents."
If you don't see money, you must let him produce more talents.
He Huanwen did not want his children to live in the teahouse. Several children were sent to Xiushui Primary School and the Gospel School in the county. At home, He Huanwen also taught the children to read some ancient poems and essays.
I don’t think these children did not take the way they arranged for their father, and they caused student movements and riots all day long. It makes parents worried all day long, but they can't help it.
In the spring of 1926, the tide of revolution rushed into Yongxin County. He Minxue, He Zizhen and He Yi were involved in the revolutionary torrent without saying a word.
The He family has land at home and shops in the city, so you don’t have to worry about food and clothing. However, the three brothers and sisters of the He family chose the revolutionary path. Some people say they are "seeking trouble for themselves".
At this time, He Huanwen witnessed the new atmosphere brought to Yongxin’s urban and rural areas by the Great Revolution, and further realized that his children were taking a path of turning back and seeking liberation for the Chinese people.
With the support of their parents, the three siblings of the He family have all become the backbone of the revolution. He Minxue serves as deputy commander-in-chief of the Peasant Self-Defense Army and deputy secretary of the Communist Youth League County Committee; He Zizhen serves as the first Women's Minister in Yongxin County; He Yi serves as a member of the County Committee.
1927 at the turn of spring and summer, the situation suddenly changed, the situation reversed, and Yongxin County was filled with haze.On June 10, the counter-revolutionary forces in Yongxin County were rampant for a while, and they were crazy about destroying and suppressing the democratic movement of workers and peasants.
He Minxue and more than a dozen comrades, who served as the deputy commander-in-chief of the Peasant Self-Defense Army, were arrested; He Zizhen did not return in Ji'an . The Kuomintang reactionaries threatened to loot the He family. They used live ammunition to "Haitianchun" to catch people.
He Yi received the news and hurriedly went home to tell her parents. He Huanwen's family escaped to the neighbor's woodshed and hid for a few days. The reactionaries did not catch anyone, looted the teahouse and occupied it, and became a military camp. After the
incident, there were many sentries in Yongxin City, only in and out of the city were allowed. People in the streets were panic and shops closed. It is very dangerous to stay in the city in this white horror, and we must find a way to leave the county town quickly.
He Yi secretly asked her aunt to go to Wu Henry's grocery store to buy a few feet of white cloth, and they connected each one by one.
That night, when it was late at night, He Yi took her parents to quietly touch the secluded place of the city wall in the dark night. Climb up the city wall and tied one end of the white cloth to the big tree next to the wall, wrap the other end around your waist, and climbed down from the city wall in turn, wisely escaped from the county town, avoiding the disaster of death.
3
3 people rushed to Ji'an He Zizhen's place overnight along Heshuihe . After He Huanwen's family left their hometown this time, they never came back.
Although He Huanwen and his wife escaped from the enemy's clutches, the brutal enemy did not let their relatives go.
Their youngest son He Minren and his youngest daughter He Xianyuan were adopted by their aunt. He Xianyuan, who was only 16 years old, was brutally murdered by the reactionaries for sending intelligence to his elder brother in prison.
The enemy carried out crazy revenge and sent troops to He Huanwen's hometown Huangzhuling Village, burning the village's uncle He Huanwen's brothers and their houses to ashes.
He Zizhen's three cousins He Minliang, He Minke, He Minwen, and two sisters-in-law Li Silian and Yang Lanying were all brutally killed. The sacrifices suffered by He Huanwen's entire family were heavy.
He Zizhen
Later, due to the needs of the revolutionary situation, He Zizhen and his brother He Minxue who had been rescued from prison went to Jinggangshan together. During the Jinggangshan struggle, He Zizhen became a revolutionary partner with Mao Zedong, who was the representative of the Party of the Red Fourth Army at that time.
He Huanwen, Wen Tuxiu, He Yi came to Qingyuanshan . Under the arrangement of his old acquaintance, He Huanwen and his wife worked as servants in the dining hall, while He Yi disguised herself as a nun and recited scriptures in the hall. During
, the opposition in Ji'an City went into the mountains several times to search for the He family, all of which were protected by the careful cover of monk Gao Guang.
After the news, He Yi contacted Ji'an underground party organization, and the party organization arranged He Yi to study at Ji'an No. 4 Girls' Middle School.
He Yi
In February 1929, He Yi was transferred to the work of the Gangxi Special Committee of the Communist Party of China, which was located in Donggu, Ji'an.
He Huanwen came to Donggu with his daughter and served as Liu Shiqi's document in the special committee. His main tasks were to carve steel plates and copy manuscripts.
He Huanwen works diligently and meticulously, and can complete tasks well. Later, some leaders of the Special Committee believed that He Huanwen was once a gentry and had a bad composition and was not suitable for working in party and government organs.
He Huanwen was dismissed and arranged to teach at Lenin School in Pitou.
He Huanwen does not care about personal gains and losses, and is willing to be a teacher. His solid Chinese skills were fully utilized in the school.
In addition to teaching, he also often copied notices and notices for the township and village Soviet governments. During the Chinese New Year, I enthusiastically write couplets for the local people. He Huanwen always refuses everyone and is happy to write.
In the summer of 1931, Mao Zetan served as secretary of the Communist Party of China Yongfeng, Ji'an, Taihe Special Committee. He Yi was appointed as a member of the Special Committee and Director of Security. During this period, they fell in love with each other, and in the same year, they became husband and wife.
In the spring of 1933, He Yi was transferred to the Ruijin County Party Committee. He Huanwen and his wife also came to Ruijin .
He Huanwen has been working hard for many years, has a hard life, is over 60 years old, and has poor health, so he no longer continues to participate in revolutionary work.
Mao Zedong and He Zizhen, who live in Yeping , also often come to visit their parents and use some of the accumulated food expenses to buy some nutritional supplements to nourish the two elderly people.
In October 1934, Central Red Army evacuated the base and began to go north to Long March .
When Mao Zedong and He Zizhen left, they went to say goodbye to their parents and told the two elderly to take care of themselves.
He Yi was pregnant and could not follow the army. Mao Zetan, who was the commander of the Independent Division of the Red Army at that time, fought guerrillas in the Fujian-Jiangxi border area.
1935, in the battle of Honglin Mountain in Ruijin, he was surrounded by the enemy and died heroically at the age of 30.
After the organizational arrangement, the old He and his wife moved to a remote villa more than 30 miles away from the city, the Lime Mountain in Gan County, and lived in a dilapidated house abandoned by a large landlord.
In the spring of 1936, He Huanwen and his wife moved to Gangbian Village in Hubian again. Because He was eating vegetarian food, he used it as the japanese master to protect He Yi's underground work and lived in the "Three Treasures Sutra Hall".
In life, the Hexi Party organization supplies rice, rapeseed and vegetables. He also entrusted the revolutionary comrade Zhong Yuanji, who lives near the "Sanbao Sutra Hall", to carry daily water for the elderly.
At the end of 1937, due to work needs, He Yi participated in the anti-Japanese and national salvation work in Ji'an, Shaoguan and other places. He Huanwen and Wen Tuxiu are still living in Ganzhou because of their old age.
In February 1938, He Huanwen died of illness at the age of 68. At that time, his children were not around.
New Fourth Army leader Xiang Ying and other comrades in the Youshan guerrillas in Xinfeng. When they learned the bad news that Mr. He died of illness, they raised 100 yuan in silver and simply handled the old man's funeral.
He Huanwen was buried in a small hill behind the Santang Temple in Gangbian Village, Hubian, Ganzhou.
He Minxue was the director of the Red Fourth Army Office in Chijiang, Dayu County at that time, and hurried to say goodbye to his father.
He Minxue and his family
After He Huanwen passed away, Wen Tuxiu was alone and felt very miserable. In March 1938, the party organization sent people to escort Wen Tuxiu north and went to Yan'an to join Mao Zedong and He Zizhen.
On the way, Wen Tuxiu's pseudonym for Hu, and after a hard time, he came to Yan'an. Unexpectedly, when she arrived in Yan'an, she learned that He Zizhen had left Yan'an in August 1937 to treat her illness.
Mao Zedong properly arranged to take care of his mother-in-law Wen Tuxiu's life.
In the autumn of 1941, Wen Tuxiu died of illness. Mao Zedong personally bears the expenses and entrusts the comrades of the General Office of the CPC Central Committee and local fellow villagers to bury her on the back mountain of Beiguan, Yan'an.
After the liberation, people realized that He Huanwen and Wen Tuxiu were Mao Zedong's parents-in-law, and their work done for the revolution in the second half of their lives, and they naturally felt respect.
In 1955, the People's Government recognized the revolutionary elderly He Huanwen and Wen Tuxiu as revolutionary martyrs.
971 Comrade He Minxue came to Yan'an specifically to pay tribute to his mother in the cemetery. He was very grateful to the comrades in Yan'an for their care of his mother's tomb and then erected the monument. The archivist signed by the monument below
: He Minxue, He Zizhen, He Yi.
The names of He Zizhen sisters were replaced by other words, and boxes were added. In fact, He Zizhen was still alive at that time and lived in Shanghai.
In the political environment at that time, He Minxue had his own difficulties, and this kind of treatment was a protection strategy.
Martyr He Huanwen's tomb is still in Ganzhou. In 1984, the local government also renovated the tomb and erected a monument to commemorate it.
