oracle bone inscriptions and bronze inscriptions related to Xia history and the tribes and lands
The tribes and lands related to Xia history and the range of the groups and lands , Xia Dynasty , major events, and areas where there are Xia friends and enemies. Of course, the other Si clans, which were not qualified for insufficient materials, should also be covered, especially the Jinguan, Zhenxun and Youhu clans, which were all involved in major events in the early Xia Dynasty. Their location is more important than whether they are the surname Si. The candidates who can be tested today are as follows:
(1) Youhu family. Youhu's preface was found in "Historical Records of the Grand Historian·Historical Records of Xia·Historical Records of Xia" and "Shangshu·Gan's Vow". According to the 23rd year of Duke Zhuang's "The guild Qi Duke , and the alliance was with Hu", Du Yu's note: "Hu, Zheng, is located in the northwest of Juan County, Xingyang." ② The monarchs of Lu and Qi gathered in the area of Xingyang, Zhengzhou, which seemed too far-reaching. Therefore, Wang Fuzhi's "Spring and Autumn Bible" believed that Hu Dang was a Qi town, and it was speculated that it was in the abolition of Guancheng County, Shandong Province. ③ It is also in the area of Guancheng Town, Shen County, Liaocheng, Shandong Province, which is in line with the literature "Xia You Guanhu". This means that it seems to be more reasonable than Du's note, but the distance is still far from the same. As for the pre-Qin Qilu transportation routes that can be restored at present, Qi and Luhui are mostly on the West Road (flying north along the ancient Ji River, and going east to Jinan) or the Middle Road (flying along the Wenshui and Zibo River). It is obviously unreasonable if you detour Guancheng Town, Shen County.
According to the records of the rituals of the evening merchants, there is a place in Sishui, Shandong, and , Xintai, and I think it is in line with the land + where the kings of Qi and Lu are all together in the "Spring and Autumn" are. For example:
(1) King l of Guihai, Zhen: [官网] Disaster. In September, Wang Zhengren was hiring. ("He" 36485, Huang)
(2) Guihai l, Huang Zhen: Wang Xun's disaster. In September, the recruitment of people is being hired.
『Guiyou... Huang... Disaster... Conquer people... Yi. ("He" 36487, Huang)
(3) Dingyoul, Binzhen: Fu Hao is born.
Zhen: Call the hiring man.
Zhen: Zao (子) Hou Sheng... ("子 13925子, Bin)
(4) Xin Chou l, Xing Zhen: Wang Bu, deleted himself from employment, and died of disaster.
Guimao l-, Xingzhen: Wang Bu, self-employed by disaster, and disaster will be destroyed. In August, hired.
Jiyoul-, Xingzhen: The king will be diligent in wheat, and the disaster will be lost. ("English" 24347, out) Judging from Examples (1) and Examples (2), the land of employment is the divination land on the way to recruit people, so it should be located in the east of Yin. Example (3) The same version of the hiring Bo and Shao Hou in the upper reaches of the Wenshui River can roughly prove the speculation that the hiring land is in the East. Example (4) Wang Bu's inscriptions involve four place names: the deletion is the inscriptions that are familiar with the land name of the land name, ② it seems to be along the Wenshui coast on the southern foot of Mount Tai. Qindi is the place where the people who fought for the end of the Shang Dynasty should search in Xintai and Laiwu. From the relevant engraving materials, we can see that the wheat land near the upper reaches of Zishui and should be located in Laiwu. ④ The two places between hiding and Qin, according to the general rules of Wang Bu's inscriptions, Li Qin should be within one day's itinerary, so it is likely that it is in the Sishui and Xintai. The document "Wei Gu" that is generally recognized by the academic community, which is west of the ancient Ji River and southeast of Fan County, may not be the same. Zheng's annotation in "Mao Shi" said that the Gu in Jixi changed his surname, so the hirings in the Si Shui and Xintai in the oracle seem to be related to the Youhu clan of the Si surname. ⑥ If the above inference is considered together with the fact that the oracle "sweet" in the oracle to be discussed later, the above inference is more reasonable. "
(2) Gan. The preface to "Shangshu·Gan's Vow" says: "Qi and Youhu fought in Gan's wilderness, and wrote " Gan's Vow ". "The Records of the Grand Historian: Xia Benji" also has a similar saying. According to the Biography of Ji L, Gan is "the name of a place where you have Hujiao", which shows that Gandhi should be employed in the place where he should be hired.
Gan is also seen in Yinxu inscriptions. Wuding once went to this place because of something, such as "The king goes to Gan" ("English 8001, Bin), "The king goes to Gan" ("English 8002, Bin); he also performed sacrifices in Gandhi, such as "Gengxu dynasty, Bing: the ten damsty in Gan" ("English 15782, Bin). According to other relevant inscriptions, Gancheng belongs to the land name and is appropriately adjacent to the place where he hired. For example:
(1) Zhen: Lu.
Zhen: The king removes (removes) the wind and (branch) to sweetener. ( He 5129, Bin)
(2) Call the calves.
Exhaust the eyes.
Deer is born in the wall.
is sweet. ("公司" 10936司, Bin)
(3) - Xiaochen's wall is sharp, green and beautiful... 20 people, 570司, Suichen's
200... C (vehicle), 2 C (vehicle), 183司, 50司, 100 arrows...
The mouth is the Tang Dynasty and Dayi, and Sui Bo sees... and Zu Yi, and about Zu Ding. In Ganjing, Yi (Xin)... (《He》36481, Huang) Example (1) The word "公" can be read as "公" or "公". The meaning of "公" should be related to war behavior. "未" means the name of the water area near Shudi. In this inscription, it probably refers to Shuren and Shu tribe who may belong to the si. ① Gan and Lu are the alternative locations for Shangwang to eliminate the tyranny of people. Lu Di is a hunting spot for ordinary inscriptions and deeds, and should be around Mount Tai. According to the words of "Lu Ai Yu Shang (Zhang)" and "Lu Buai Yu Shang (Zhang)" to Zhen, it can be seen that Lu land is not far from the zhen town of Zhengcheng Village, Dongping. "Spring and Autumn" Lu State "Building a deer garden", this deer land can almost match the oracle of the oracle of Lu. From this we can see that Gandhi seems to be in the lower reaches of the Wenshui River.
Example (2) There are three place names or clan names in the same version as Gandhi, namely Li, Mu, and Wall. Ge is the one to be discussed in the later text. According to the traditional understanding of the annotation and commentary, it is roughly in the southeast of today's Dezhou , and is close to Jinan. According to Huang's "He" 37478, the target is based on the elephant and is adjacent to Kuiqiu, northern Shandong and other places. For example,
Xuanji (Da) field, which caused disaster.
Wang Qitian’s wife, as for Mubei, the disaster was destroyed.
is weak, and every time (repent)
…depressed… ( 29285, nameless]
The place name involved in this article, such as Da, once belonged to Youfeng, so it should be near today's Qingzhou ; Yi is the Kuiqiu in the eighth year of Zhuang Duke Zhuan, who was "Qi Duke Lian Cheng, Guan Zhifu, Kuiqiu " in the eighth year of Duke Zhuang, which was located in Zibo and Zichuan area; the place where the deceased was in the southeast of Zhangqiu, Shandong, crossing the ancient Great Wall of Qi Jinyang Pass Then he entered the source of Wen water in the middle of Lu. King Shang went to Kuiqiu to the north of the target, and it can be seen that the target is in the upper reaches of the Zi River. ② The wall should be one of the hunting areas in the royal field hunting area during the Wuding period. According to the Bin Group's "He" 10937, the wall is adjacent to the Yi, Zhao and other places under the Wen River. That is to say, the wall is located south of Mount Tai. ③ Therefore, Gandhi, which is the same version as the Li, Mu, and Wall, must also belong to the name of the east land.
Example (3) It is a relatively rare long engraving of the war at the end of the Shang Dynasty. It records that Xiaochen Wall and the Shang King fought against Bianmei and made some achievements. Finally, he paid merits and rewards in Ganjing, the palace. ①Bianmei is the name of the leader of the Bian tribe, and Bian is the place where the people in the late Shang Dynasty were verified by scholars. It is Bianyi in the Zhusi River Basin of Lu State. ② Therefore, Gan, as a place for praise and celebration, may also be nearby.
In short, the Gandi recorded in the oracle of the oracle is almost located in the area south of Wenshui and north of Zhusi, and is closely connected with the Hudi lands between Sishui and Xintai. From this, it can be seen that the historical document "Qi and Youhu fought in Gan's wilderness" is not false.
(3) The Jinguan family. In the fourth year of "Zuo Zhuan", there was a saying that "the two countries, Xia, the same surname as the princes, and the son of Zhongkang, were based on the queen. There was Guanting in the southeast of Shouguang County, Le'an, and the southeast of Pingshou County in Beihai." That is, Jinguan was in Shouguang, Qingzhou, and Jinxun was in the current Weifang City. "Xia Benji" was almost the mistake of the Jinguan family. According to Huang's "He" 36968, "Yingzang" ③2563, "He" 36630+36938, the expeditions of the people in the late Shang Dynasty, the expedition was once. From "Ya", "Huo" and "Wo", the eastern soil irrigation land seems to be in Feicheng along the lower reaches of the Wen River. The Huo here can be related to the dipping dipping of "The Duke of Qi in the third year of Duke Huan in the Spring and Autumn Period", and the vortex dipping dipping of Duke Xiang in the 15th year of Duke Xiang in the Spring and Autumn Period, "The Duke of Qi attacked me in the north and brigades, and the Duke rescued me, and then met." The Yidi and Huo and Wo said that it may also be in the lower reaches of the Wen River. ④ In short, there should be a dipping dipping along the Wen River at the southern end of Feicheng today. In addition, the inscription of the Smi Gui in the Western Zhou Dynasty is "The Southern Yi Luhu meets Qi Yi, Zhou Yi, and Huo (dipping) and does not fall, and the Qi army in the eastern region is widely attacked, and the tribes moved, and the people of Sui were sought to be blessed" ("Database NA0636) The so-called "Haobubiao" was the joint object of the Southern Yi invasion of Dongtu. The Dongtu tribes who rebelled with each other also had Qiyi in Xintai and Zhouyi along the ancient Jishui coast of Dongping, so "Haobubiao" seemed to be the name of the leader of Feicheng dipping land.From this we can see that there was a group named Huo or dip along the lower reaches of the Wen River during the Shang and Zhou periods. During the Shang and Zhou dynasties, they were both sold and rebelled, and they should belong to the Dongtu tribe with a long history. The dip and Guan all use Huo as the sound symbol, so the author believes that it is the surname Si, the Jinguan family.
(4) Jinxun’s family. According to Du's notes quoted in the previous quotation of "Zuo Zhuan", Jinxun is located in Weifang City, Shandong Province. Judging from the unnamed group "Combination" 33552, "Combination of Shanghai 308 and other ordination materials, as well as the two-week bronze inscriptions and other materials such as "Combination of Shanghai 308", there should be a Xun clan between Zhangqiu and Qingzhou today. In the past, scholars often believed that this was related to the Xia County. ⑦ But the county clan in northern Lu is actually a son surname, ① So what kind of relationship does it have with the county clan in the literature can be discussed again. ② It should be noted that there is a seed (a) in the late Yinxu inscriptions. Early inscriptions were often written as Man (that is, the initial text of the expression of "If Dianmu has a cub" in "Pan Geng", and the literature is also called "Yu"), that is, Xun is followed by the characters, and it actually has a pronunciation function, so Eve can also be read as Xun. ③ According to the "Qi" article quoted in the previous section, "Tunnan 660", Edi is formed with Guan, Hei, Qi, Dun and San, and according to the Wuming group "Group 33532, it is clustered with Yu, Xiang, Shan (Shengxing, Lu and Zou), and "Huadong" 363 is also the same as Shang (Yang) and Liu, so it can be inferred that its geographical location is roughly in the Zibo River Basin. According to Huang Group's "Complete Supplement 11142, the seed land is formed with Sang, Zhai (almost that is, the different characters are written in different words), and Bian, and is close to Bian land east of Qufu, so it is more likely to be between Sishui, Qufu, Ningyang , Xintai and Pingyi . Since the county in northern Lu is incompatible with the county of Jin County in terms of clan surnames, the You clan in Lu, who does not know the clan surname, needs to pay special attention to it.
(5)Ge. "Zuo Zhuan" contains "the place where the sword is in the face of the sword", and Du Yu's notes say: "The sword is between Song and Zheng." The reference refers to "Zuo Zhuan" in the 12th year of "Zuo Zhuan" "There is a gap between Song and Zheng, and the sword is still in the sky, and the sword is still in the sky, Qingqiu, Yuchang, Miao, Ge, and Xi". Whether Du's statement is credible is not easy to judge at present. But at least it means that there was a land between Heji in the Spring and Autumn Period.
It is also reasonable for some scholars to link the Ge land with the Ge tribes that are familiar with inscriptions of Shang and Zhou bronze ware . Unfortunately, although the number of existing Ge tribes is large, there are not many unearthed bins and are extremely scattered. They have been found in Henan, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Shandong, Hubei, Hunan and other places. Even in the relatively concentrated area of Anyang Yinxu, there is no set of objects formed from the same tomb.
However, the Ge tribe clearly shows the inscriptions in Yinxu, such as:
(1) Ding Weil, and Zhengzhen: Lingzhi's street garden, and the imperial spear, and the holding.
…draw. ("Gen" 5900, Bin)
(2) Gui Si l, , Zheng Zhen: the deposit of the treasury (dog). August.
…Judgement: The sun is the second day of Yiyou and the reincarnation.
…Go Dan to rush up, cut it off. ("He" 6939, Bin)
(3) Xin Si l, Touting Zhen: crying and crying.
Xin Si l, Tou Zhen: Don’t cry and cry.
Xin Si l, Tou Zhen: The bird must go up to me.
Xin Si l, Tou Zhen: the sparrow cannot reach the end, I.
Xin Si l, Tou Zhen: Huque Dunsang.
Xin Si l, Tou Zhen: Huquedun Gu.
Yiwei l, Touzhen:...Gangge. ("Her" 6959, Bin)
citation example (1) means that Ling Zhi attacks Pu and calls Ling to resist the Ge people. Zhi, I think it is Zhi's family in Dongtu. According to the previous article, it is located in the Wenshui River Basin. While the Zhi family attacked Pu, they sent people to resist the Ge people. It can be speculated that Ge and Pu may be in an alliance and may be adjacent to each other in geographical location. There is also the residual word "painting" in the same version, which refers to the painting clan in northern Shandong. This also shows from one aspect that the inscriptions in this version may be a matter of the East.
Example (2) There are still 3 oracles inscriptions. First, order the dog tribe to be killed. The dog tribe is active in the east. According to "He" 10957 "Shou Linlu", it can be seen that the land of Lindi was a hunting spot in the royal field hunting area during the Wuding period. "He 6937 has a divination record of calling Linhui and the leader of the East Tutu Zhuoyuan to attack the dog tribe, proving that the land of Dongtu had a liter. Second, when will the divination bird arrive at the reincarnation? According to Wang Bu's inscriptions, "Combination of 33147" and "Combination of 32299 + "Combination of 22473 + "Combination of 3144" ①, we can see that the reins are on the southern foot of Mount Tai. Third, whether the divination attack on Shanggan has achieved anything. The upper part is exactly the name of the land in the east.It can be seen that all the things mentioned in the whole page involve Dongtu, which at least shows that Ge has a close relationship with the Dongtu tribes. Example (3) involves 7 oracle words, and the first 6 can be regarded as a group, which is whether there is any gain in the war between the divination bird and the crying, the upper lunar calendar, me, mulberry, and Yi tribes. The upper reaches of the Sangqizi River are between Ningyang and Qufu, and the upper reaches are the people who conquered the people at the end of the Shang Dynasty, so Wu and I should be in the East. The last "Gao" activist is incomplete, but based on the first 6 words, it is speculated that this war against the Ge tribe may also be responsible for the Qu. From this, it can be at least presumed that the Ge is located in the area east of Yin Ruins, and it should be more reasonable to connect it with the Ge land of "Song and Zheng" in the Spring and Autumn Period.
(6) Li. In the early history of Xia, there are records that the remains of Xia officials avoid disasters. The land of the cal is recorded in the inscriptions of Yinxu. In addition to the above quote "He 10936, the important ones are:
(1) Bingshen l, Binzhen: The (part) is free to capture Qiang, and the cal is as far as the cal.
Zhen: I won the (partial)... in the le. ("Her" 201, Bin)
(2) Guiyoul, Yin Zhen: The disaster is lost in Xun. Jiaxu lottery is sacrificed on the upper Jia, in...
...a Yin... in the Guan Ge. ("Combination 24280, out) The Shao land in
case (1) is roughly in the current territory of Laiwu, ③ Not far from the Hu land to its south. The inscription "公开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开� The land where Shao went to was probably not too far from Shao. It should be noted that there is a rumor about the chantress gongna on the left bridge on the back of this version of Bujia . The day said: "...to be self." It means that the turtle version comes from the Dongtu clan, which can also be used as a speculative evidence for the general orientation of the calves. Example (2) shows that the King of Shang ( Zujia ) once stayed in the tripod. Li Xueqin, Peng Yushang and others have systematically studied this kind of oracle, and believed that it was a divination record of Zujia's concentrated travel in a short period of time. ① involved about 25 place names, but most of them were the place names along the Wenshui coast, such as Xiang, Qi, Lei (or Qiu Lei), Suo, Ziyi (i.e. Yi), Zidie (i.e. Yi), Zidie (i.e. Zheng), Zifei, Xing, Hu, Qin, Mai, Yao, Zixiang (or Xiang), Ziquan (or Xiang, i.e. Qiu), Zidian (or Dan), Ziyou, Zimie, Zidian, Zidian (i.e. Yi), Liang (lang), Xuan, Jia (jiagu), etc. Therefore, Zige may also be the name of the East land. Combined with the specific content of the previous quotation "Her 10936", there should be a calves in the east, but the land is slightly different from the traditional schools, and it seems to be in the Wenshui River Basin.
(7)Yi (original). The ancient version of " Bamboo Book Anniversary " has the saying that "Di Ning (Zhu) lives in the Yuan Dynasty". This place was often considered to be the origin of Su Fensheng's field in the eleventh year of Yin Gong in "Zuo Zhuan". It is located in the Jiyuan area of the present western Henan area, in line with the saying that the Xia people originated in southern Shanxi and western Henan . Shen Changyun pointed out that the origin of the capital of Emperor Zhu is actually the origin of "Zuo Zhuan" in the 33rd year of Duke Xi's "Zheng has original gardens and Qin has a private garden". It is located in the area of Zhongmu, Henan now. ② Yuanpu is the land of Tianze. Although Zhengyuan's theory does not have to be true, it is more traditional than the 1-day bet.
tombs of Zhou Dynasty in Yangjiazhuang, Shangshui County, Henan Province, three sets of Yi Zhong Gui were unearthed. ③ Judging from the shape, patterns and inscriptions, the age was in the early Spring and Autumn Period. There is an inscription: "Only at the beginning of the first lunar month, Yi (original) Zhong made the mother of the Lun (lun) Zhong Gui family, and used it to pray for the longevity of eyebrows and life without boundaries, and it is used forever." ("Database NA0397) This is obviously a group of maids made by Yi Zhong for his daughter "Zhong Gui family mother" when he got married. It can be seen that Yi was a clan of the Gui family at that time. "Spring and Autumn" 27th year of Duke Zhuang: "Autumn, the young master's friend is like Chen, and he is buried in Yuan Zhong." Du Yu's note: "Yi Zhong, Doctor Chen. Yuan, family." Sun's book believes that the inscription "Yi Shi Zhong" is the Chen Dafu Yuan Zhong in "Spring and Autumn", which is generally credible.
After the surname Gui in the Zhou Dynasty was Yu Shun , it was said that in the early Zhou Dynasty, Hu Gongman was born in Chen, and together with Song and Qi, it was established as "San Ke". The capital was established in the Huxiang Town, Zhecheng, Henan, northeast of Shangshui County, and is close to Cao County, southwest Shandong and other places.As the original clan of the Duke of Chen, the clan's residence should be in the capital, but its fief "yuan" (that is, the origin of its name) seems to be located in an area outside the capital, and the Yidi in the late Shang Dynasty may be consistent with it:
(1) Xin Wei l, and Zi also went to Tian Feng, if so, use it. ("Huadong" 59, Zil, Ci)
(2) Yichou l, Touzhen Ri: The tongue is as far as the earth meets the earth, and its birth is... ("He" 6128, Bin)
1: It can be seen that the Yidi belongs to the hunting spot in the late Shang field hunting area and has been attacked by the tongue. The core area of the late Shang royal hunting area is around Mount Tai. It can extend southward to southeast Shandong, south Shandong and southwest Shandong. Some of them may even enter east Henan . Typical of them are Yao, I, Miao, and Ge. It is generally believed that the yao is the sword of the qi, and I is Teng, both in the present Teng County ; Miao and Ge are both located in the eastern Henan region between "Song and Zheng". Therefore, the land that appears in the inscriptions that are not very frequent may be located on the edge of the late Shangtian hunting area. As for the places and ethnic groups that had various frictions between the oracle and the Shang forces, they were basically in the eastern land, such as Zhui, Ku, Ji, Ju, Stear, Chi, Xuan, Shang, Dun, etc. Therefore, the tongue may be an ancient ethnic group active east of Yin Ruins, and it has nothing to do with the Western Tu Guifang. Since the leisure place was once attacked by the tongue, it is more likely to be located in the east. This is also in line with the characteristics of feasible hunting in the easy-to-place. The place of inscriptions is also related to the subject and the vassal of the source of Ziwen, such as: Zhen: Huque Zhengmu.
Wuwu l, Binzhen: Is it the miserable?
Wuwu l, Binzhen: Don’t be wrong with the birds.
Gengshen l, Touzhen: The royal family will follow the meeting.
Gengshen l, Touzhen: Don’t let the royal family meet.
Jiazi l, , Fight for Zhen: the sparrow does not come from the royal family.
The royal family is coming. ("Her" 6946, Bin) There are 7 inscriptions on
, and the contents are related to each other. The general meaning is that the Shang king ordered the bird to conquer the upstream of the waters of northern Shandong and Zibo. Because the hustle and stare near, the birds were sent to the hustle again. ① Perhaps considering the lack of strength and other difficulties, Qu Congyidi also asked the royal family to act together. Based on this, the "Call the royal family is in the east of Yin Ruins" is more likely to be located in the area east of Yin Ruins. It is reasonable to speculate that it is in southwestern Shandong and even eastern Henan. Is this Dongtu Yidi, which is found in oracle bones, bronze inscriptions and Eastern Zhou documents, the origin of "Dizhu's residence"? Considering its inherent connection with the land, this speculation is reasonable.
(8)号 (王). "Zuo Zhuan" records the first year of Ai Gong Shaokang "Escape from Youyu... Yu Si So his wife took two Yaos, and the town of Lun" and Du wrote "Yuyi". The views of the Youyu family in the pre-Qin period are quite consistent. For example, "Mencius Li Lou II" says that Yu Shun "was born in Zhufeng, moved to Fuxia, and died in Mingtiao , Dongyi ", that is, Shun was always in Dongdi. Nowadays, most people believe that the core political area of Yu Di is in the border area of eastern Henan and southwestern Shandong. Therefore, as the "Yuyi", it should be in the east.
The aforementioned Yi Zhong Gui group is a member of the gui, and the partner she married was the Zhonggui who was married to the Lun family. The tombs produced by this group of tools should be related to the Lun family. In the early Spring and Autumn Period, the Lun people lived in the area of Shangshui County, Henan Province. This place is between Chen and Cai, and it is also within the sphere of influence of the Youyu tribe in the legendary era. Considering that the Yuan clan was a prince of the Chen State surnamed Gui, tracing the origin of the clan is exactly related to the Youyu clan. Therefore, the decline of "reincarnation in the middle of the palace" can be related to the Lun of "Yuyi". According to "Zuo Zhuan", Shaokang obtained political support from the Youyu family through marriage, that is, "his wife was given two Yaos, and the town was full of brigades and a brigade of land." After Hou Zhu succeeded to the throne, it was reasonable to build his capital in the "original" area within the sphere of influence of his uncle's clan.
(9) Mingshi. According to the "Xia Benji", all Si had the Ming clan, and due to the limitations of information, it was rarely discussed in the past. According to the oracle, it can be seen that there was a tribe downstream of the Wenshui River Basin during the late Shang Dynasty. For example:
(1) Zhen: Ming is born in the year.
Zhen: The concubine (maid) receives the year. (English Tsang 808, Bin)
(2) Defend not to intercept, in the underworld. ("Her" 7842, Bin)
(3) Dingyoul, , To Zhen: King Yi Si enters the underworld. ("Han" 7843, Bin)
(4) Ji Chou l, Binzhen: a man from the underworld.
Zhen: Not a man from the underworld.("Han" 7851, Bin)
(5) Zhen: Call me to leave Bo and Ming. ("He" 635, Bin)
(6) Zhen: the disaster of the underworld.
Dragon... out... ("Everything" 7850, Bin)
(7) Xin Weil, Zhengzhen: I cut off (dog), in Ning.
Jiayin l, , vote: Huzitai lottery is in the dark.
Jiayin l, vote: do not Zitai Cai Xiang is in the dark.
is in the shape of a commerce (风). ("Common 3061, Bin)
From the above information, we can see that there was a dark land during the Wuding period. The King of Shang had been involved in the dark, and also divined the good and bad things, age and wars of the dark land. People in the dark land were called "the dark people". Among them, the materials with geographical discrimination value are mainly the latter three cases. Example (5) "Qi Bo" means the leader of the tribe. According to the Huang group's inscription "He 37392, there is the saying "Dingmao Bu, in Quzhen: Flu tells the day: the wick comes as shameless". This divination is related to hunting, and the flute is a person from the East Land that has a close relationship with the clan. Therefore, the land of the go is like looking around Mount Tai. The "Dragon" involved in the same version of Example (6) is the Dongtu country, and its clan is located in the Chaiwen area. ①Example (7) The last three items form a group, mainly divining whether to make Zitai sacrifices and sacrificial ceremonies and where terrain is more suitable. The locations for divination include Ming and Shang. Among them, Shang is the jingyi of the Spring and Autumn Period, which is located in the present Dongping Jieshan Town, so the underworld should probably be searched in the downstream of the Wenshui River. In the same version, there are still records of divination of the dog tribes in Ningdi, among which Ningdi is in Ningyang, and the areas where the dog tribes appear in Dongtu are mostly in Dongtu. For example, according to the "Group 6942 "Dog Fighting the Thorns (Cao)" and the roe roe once invaded Cao land in southwestern Shandong. This can also prove that the underworld seems to be downstream of the Wen River. In the 15th year of Duke Wen of Zuo Zhuan, the word "one person is in Juzhi" was written in Du's notes: "Luyi." The word "正" means the word "正", and the word "正" may be the oracle inscriptions.
The inscriptions and the Ming tribe in the literature is a necessary connection with the Ming tribe in the Si surname. There is no confirmation at present, but at least it shows that there is a Ming tribe in the middle of Lu and southwest Shandong during the Shang and Zhou dynasties, which may be used as a reference for speculating on the residence of the Ming tribe in the Si surname.
In addition, the "Xue" in "Shi" (the fourth year of Xianggong in "Zuo Zhuan") and the "Xue" in "Xue's Emperor's Ancestor Xi Zhong , who lived in Xue as Xia Chezheng" (the first year of Dinggong in "Zuo Zhuan") should also be located in Dongtu.
