For " Taiwan issue ", it has always been a major problem that has plagued hundreds of millions of Chinese people. As early as when the founding of New China, Taiwan was occupied by the Kuomintang reactionaries and was outside the control of the mainland government.
At that time, central leaders expressed different opinions on how to liberate "Taiwan", and Chairman Mao also commented on these opinions one by one.
In 1956, during the visit to China by Indonesian President Sukarno, Chairman Mao accurately predicted the future development of Taiwan. He said: "Taiwan has only two roads to go, and one of them is still impossible."
So, what exactly is the "two roads" that Chairman Mao mentioned? Why do you say that one of them is not working?
At the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China, the Taiwan issue was
1949, with the ongoing of the Liberation War, the Kuomintang's rule on the mainland instantly collapsed. The Chinese People's Liberation Army went south and occupied Nanjing, Wuhan and other places. In this case, Chiang Kai-shek had to flee south in a hurry and set out to prepare for his own way of retreat.
At that time, the Kuomintang had three retreats, namely Southwest, Hainan and Taiwan. Chiang Kai-shek briefly analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of the three.
is the first to defend the southwest region. This is Chiang Kai-shek's favorite choice, because during the Anti-Japanese War, this place was the rear of the Kuomintang. The southwest terrain was dangerous, and the location was easy to defend and difficult to attack. There was Qinling in the north, Three Gorges blocking in the east, and Hengduan Mountains in the south. In addition, the more than 600,000 troops stationed by the Kuomintang, maybe it can really block our army's attack.
followed by retreating to Hainan Island . Hainan Island is an independent island and very close to the mainland. For Chiang Kai-shek, retreating is only a temporary moment. He is still thinking about making a comeback, because Hainan has become an important choice proposed by the Kuomintang members.
Finally, I went to Taiwan. This was an idea given by Chiang Kai-shek's aides. Taiwan Island After a long-term occupation by the Japanese, there was no Communist Party power on the island, and there was a deep Taiwan Strait between Taiwan Island and the mainland. Behind it is supported by the Americans, it can be used as a base for the Kuomintang to counterattack the mainland.
However, Chiang Kai-shek thought it was beautiful, but fate quickly made a choice for him. In September of the same year, the Chinese People's Liberation Army quickly advanced into the southwest, occupied the entire Guangxi with a powerful offensive, and then took advantage of the victory to break through the Kuomintang's Sichuan-Hubei-Hunan defense line, and overthrew the vicinity of Chongqing. At this time, Chiang Kai-shek also realized the irresistible PLA. He did not dare to hesitate at all, and immediately chose to go to Taiwan.
A month later, the Chinese People's Liberation Army liberated the entire Fujian Province except for islands such as Kinmen and Mazu, forming a confrontation with the Taiwan islands across the sea.
In the early days of the founding of New China, for the harmonious unification of the motherland, the central leaders suggested liberating Taiwan by force, and Chairman Mao also announced to the people of the whole country in the name of Commander-in-Chief Zhu De: "We must liberate Taiwan."
After that, General Su Yu was appointed as the commander-in-chief of liberating Taiwan and established a special front-line command to plan all war matters.
According to General Su Yu's plan, liberating Taiwan requires cooperation from the three navy, army and air force. It is best to use the air force to obtain air supremacy first, and then send the navy to transport the troops to Taiwan, and finally let the army land on the battlefield, and then eliminate the Kuomintang reactionaries in one fell swoop.
At that time, in order to complete the above plan, the Chinese People's Liberation Army urgently established an air force and sent a large number of talents to the Soviet Union to learn air force flight technology.
At the same time, under the leadership of General Su Yu, the first naval force of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, the "East China Navy", was also established in Baima Temple, Taizhou, Jiangsu Province, and received a large number of landing ships and combat ships in Shanghai.
As for the army, they repeatedly conducted island landing exercises in Xiamen , Shantou and other places, preparing to contribute to the war of unity of the motherland.
As of the summer of 1950, in order to liberate Taiwan, my country has prepared more than 400 fighter jets, more than 800 landing ships, and 400,000 elite troops.
But just when everything is ready, on the Korean Peninsula in the northeast of our country, a sudden war disrupted our plan to liberate Taiwan.
On June 25 of this year, Korean War suddenly broke out. This was originally an internal war of unity for the Korean nation, but the US government under the banner of "humanitarianism" and brazenly interfered in the civil war of the Korean nation, and joined forces with fifteen countries to launch an invasion of the North Korean region.
Two days later, the Americans also sent the Seventh Fleet to enter the two major ports of Keelung and Kaohsiung , and started patrol missions in the Taiwan Strait to prevent the Chinese People's Liberation Army from liberating Taiwan.
Due to changes in the international situation, the central leaders made new arrangements, intending to carry out resistance to the U.S. aggression and aid Korea, to eliminate the United States' ambition to threaten our country from North Korea, and then turn it back to resolve the Taiwan issue. All the troops originally used to liberate Taiwan were transferred to the north to prepare for the War to Resist U.S. aggression and aid Korea.
Change policy, peaceful reunification
After the war of resisting U.S. aggression and aiding Korea was finally over, the domestic situation underwent new changes. After more than three years of war, the country's people's livelihood was exhausted, and all industries were in ruins. The living conditions of the lower-class people declined seriously. In order to allow the people to live a normal life, Premier Zhou proposed to carry out large-scale economic construction work and comprehensively restore production and development capabilities.
After more than two years of hard work, the Chinese people finally restored their domestic economy to the level before World War II. The country's industry and agriculture far exceeded any previous period. At the same time, due to the successful completion of the "First Five-Year Plan", my country has also rapidly transformed from a backward agricultural country to an industrial country.
Under this situation, the matter of "liberation of Taiwan" was put on the agenda again. In January of the same year, our army carried out the joint combat of the three naval, army and air forces for the first time, and defeated the -Jiangshan Island , which was stationed by the Kuomintang army. The battle lasted only less than ten hours and ended with the complete annihilation of the Kuomintang army.
Facing the sudden scene, the Kuomintang Chiang Kai-shek was instantly frightened. He withdrew the defenders of Dachen Island near Yijiangshan Island overnight and gathered heavy troops on the two islands, Kinmen and Mazu.
At that time, the US government repeatedly spoke out in United Nations . They used this incident to put pressure on the Kuomintang, intending to make Chiang Kai-shek give up the Kinmen and Matsu Islands, split Taiwan from China, and realize the plan of "two Chinas".
, but Chiang Kai-shek did not accept the ideas of the Americans. He said in an interview with reporters: "In China's more than 4,000 years of history, although there are occasional traitors colluding with enemies, the Chinese nation can always achieve unity. We insist that the treason between the Han and the traitors is incompatible. This is the basic position of a Chinese to settle down and establish a career."
In addition, Chiang Kai-shek also repeatedly emphasized: both the mainland and Taiwan are part of Chinese territory, and there is only one China in the world, and we will never allow any act of separation.
For a long time, the main reason why we have been unable to resolve the Taiwan issue peacefully is Chiang Kai-shek's political confrontation and military confrontation, which has caused the Kuomintang and the Communist Party to find common grounds for cooperation. However, after Chiang Kai-shek's speech, Chairman Mao realized the possibility of a peaceful resolution of the Taiwan issue.
Since the problem can be solved with peace, no one wants to use war, especially since China has just recovered from the war. Once a new round of war breaks out again, our country's economic construction is likely to be ruined.
The second is the Cold War period. With the polar opposition between the Soviet Union and the United States, the international community has begun to avoid the outbreak of war. If China forcibly unify force at this time, it is likely to trigger a new round of war. This is very unfavorable to China's international image. Western countries will also use this to promote China's "believer" ideas and make its surrounding neighbors isolate China.
Finally, whether it is a win or not, it is a loss to the Chinese people themselves. We have been lagging behind other countries for many years. If we do not seize the opportunity to develop the economy quickly, then China's next generation of descendants will surely bear the lesson of "if you fall behind, you will be beaten."
Based on the above three reasons, Chairman Mao is increasingly inclined to peacefully resolve the "Taiwan issue", and he has repeatedly proposed the possibility of peaceful reunification within the party.
In April 1955, on the eve of Premier Zhou attending the Banlong Conference, Chairman Mao specifically explained: "The camera proposes to let the United States withdraw from Taiwan and the Taiwan Strait. This is the foundation for our peaceful liberation of Taiwan."
At that time, Premier Zhou announced at the Bandung Conference: "In order to realize the just demands of the Chinese people to liberate Taiwan, the Chinese people have the right to use all methods to solve the problem." Release Taiwan, which includes the peaceful liberation of Taiwan, but this requires the United States to withdraw all armed forces from Taiwan and the Taiwan Strait to peacefully liberate Taiwan and complete China's reunification."
united cooperation, two roads, Wanlong meeting ended, Chairman Mao made important instructions on the Taiwan issue. He said: "The ancients said that they would not blame the past. As long as they are patriotic now, they will be at home and abroad. All those who can be united must unite, strive for our common goals and for the prosperity and development of the Chinese people."
For the personnel of the Kuomintang in Taiwan, Chairman Mao also said: "We must use any person who can unite and willing to stand in our team, not care what they did in the past."
" For example, there are still a lot of people there. If they stand on a patriotic standpoint, no matter how they are, they will be. OK, it’s okay if some people are still there. Even if the collective people come, we must keep welcoming. The Kuomintang and the Communist Party have cooperated twice, and we are also preparing to cooperate for the third time. "
The international community unanimously gave a high evaluation of the Chinese government’s preparation for a peaceful resolution of the “Taiwan issue”. After all, in this special period, no one wants to trigger a new round of world war because of war in one region.
In 1956, New China welcomed a special guest. This person was President of the Indonesian government, Sukarno. His trip was to thank Premier Zhou for his visit to the meeting in Bandung, Indonesia.
At that time, Chairman Mao warmly received Sukarno, and Sukarno felt honored. Although the two countries were thousands of miles apart, Sukarno's curiosity about Chairman Mao had already emerged a long time ago.
In the talks between the two sides, Sukarno took the initiative to propose the restoration of the new China's legal seat in the United Nations, and Chairman Mao asked back: "Why do you think we need to enter the United Nations?"
Sukarno responded: "China has a population of more than 500 million, and the world cannot do without you. The international community needs you to speak on behalf of the Chinese."
Hearing this, Chairman Mao smiled and said: "You see, everyone knows this truth, but the Americans turn a blind eye. They deliberately play with the conspiracy between the two Chinas. As long as Taiwan Province still has a seat in the United Nations, we will never join the United Nations."
At that time, if China agreed to enter the United Nations and Taiwan Province did not withdraw from the United Nations, the United States would use this to attack, which in fact caused the conspiracy of "two Chinas" at the same time.
and Sukarno continued to ask: "If that's the case, what do you think of Taiwan's future? Or what do you think Taiwan will become?"
Chairman Mao pondered for a moment and said: "Taiwan has two paths to go, one to Washington, and the other to Beijing. But Washington's road is not accessible and the Chinese people do not allow it. Taiwan's ultimate way out must be to return to the mainland to complete China's unification."
Sukarno has the same view on Chairman Mao's words, because according to the international situation, as China becomes increasingly stronger, the United States must agree with the existence of the Chinese government. The weak Taiwan is just a tool for the United States to support and fight against China. Once this tool loses its effect, the United States will definitely abandon Taiwan.
Over the years, as China continues to become stronger, everything has been as Chairman Mao said. First of all, China has restored its legal seat in the United Nations, and the Taiwan authorities have been kicked out of the United Nations in shame.
After that, the United States took the initiative to show goodwill to China, restore diplomatic relations between the two countries, and recognize the principle of "one China", which hit the Taiwan authorities hard.
Seeing China becoming stronger and stronger, the Taiwan independence authorities are also making the final struggle, but we firmly believe that Taiwan will return to the motherland. Taiwan is a part of China from beginning to end, which is something that no one can divide.
