From 230 BC to 221 BC, Ying Zheng successively destroyed the six countries of Korea , Zhao State, Wei State, , Chu State, Yan State, and Qi State, and completed the great cause of unifying the world at the age of 39. After the establishment of of the Qin Dynasty, Qin Shihuang attacked Xiongnu in the north, and placing Baiyue in the south, prompting the Qin Dynasty to become stronger.
However, the Qin Dynasty only existed for more than ten years and perished. In ancient history, the Qin Dynasty also became a short-lived dynasty. So, the question is, the Qin Dynasty clearly had three monarchs, Qin Shihuang, Hu Hai, , and Ziying . Why do everyone say " Qin II died in "?
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Specifically, for Jia Yi , who wrote " over Qin ", he was the first to say "Qin II died." The reason why this statement is widely circulated and recognized is mainly divided into the following two aspects. On the one hand, on July 19, 210 BC, Ying Zheng died on the sand dune platform. With the assistance of Li Si , Zhao Gao and others, Hu Hai removed Prince Fusu and inherited the throne of the Qin Dynasty emperor. Of course, Hu Hai only knew that he was enjoying himself, indulged Zhao Gao in power, and even buried the disaster of killing.
In 207 BC, the Prime Minister Zhao Gao, who had completely mastered the government, tried to proclaim himself emperor. After pacifying the court with a horse, Zhao Gao also sent people to kill Qin Ershi. After Hu Hai was killed, Zhao Gao originally wanted to usurp the throne and become emperor. Of course, Zhao Gao's behavior of killing the king still angered the world, that is, no one dared to support him, which forced Zhao Gao to welcome Ziying.
It is worth noting that in order for him to continue usurping the throne in the future, Zhao Gao forced Ziying to be called King of Qin, not the emperor. The reason given by Zhao Gao was also very simple, because at that time, , Shandong's six countries, had already restored the country one after another. In particular, the princes who revolted in Liu Bang , Xiang Yu and other lords captured a large area of the Qin Dynasty. At that time, the area actually controlled by the Qin Dynasty shrank significantly.
On this basis, Qin Sanshi Ziying continues to call him emperor, which is indeed not worthy of his name. And it is precisely because Ziying's title is different from Qin Shihuang and Qin II that it is difficult for Jia Yi to compare them. In other words, after Ziying, the third Qin Dynasty ascended the throne, had already died in name only. This is not only reflected in the significant reduction of the control area, but also because Ziying's order can no longer be implemented.
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On the other hand, compared with Qin Shihuang and Qin Ershi Hu Hai, Qin Sanqin Ziying's reign was too short. In 221 BC, Qin Shihuang became emperor. In 210 BC, Ying Zheng died of illness in sand dunes . Therefore, Ying Zheng took charge of the Qin Dynasty for more than ten years. If we count the time he served as the King of Qin before, Ying Zheng's reign has been more than thirty years.
After Ying Zheng, Hu Hai ascended the throne in 210 BC and was killed in 207 BC. Although he did not reign for a long time, he had been around for about four years. As for Ziying, he ascended the throne in September 207 BC, and in October BC, Liu Bang's troops arrived in Xianyang. Because all the officials had betrayed the Qin Dynasty, Ziying could only take the initiative to surrender to Liu Bang. According to historical records such as "Records of the Grand Historian", Ziying's reign lasted only 46 days, which is indeed rare in the entire ancient history.
From the perspective of reign time, Qin Sanshi Ziying also lacks enough influence. In other words, after the death of Hu Hai of Qin II, the Qin Dynasty was no longer a unified dynasty, so Jia Yi said that "Qin was the emperor and died in the second generation", and was widely recognized by historians in later generations.
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Finally, although Qin Sanqin Ziying, who had been in power for only more than 40 days, could not stop the demise of the Qin Dynasty, he could not call him a foolish monarch. After Ziying ascended the throne, the first thing he did was to kill the three tribes of Zhao Gao and show them to the public in Xianyang City. After eliminating the treacherous minister Zhao Gao, Qin Prince Ziying purged the court to resist Liu Bang's army.
However, because the situation is hopeless, Ziying finally chose to surrender. After the official demise of the Qin Dynasty, Liu Bang's subordinate Fan Kuai proposed to kill Ziying, but Liu Bang did not agree.In this regard, in my opinion, Liu Bang did not kill Ziying and made three rules with the people in Guanzhong, which naturally helped him win the hearts of the people and laid a good foundation for him to regain the Guanzhong region later.
However, although Liu Bang was willing to let him have a way out, Ziying still couldn't escape. More than a month later, after Xiang Yu's army entered Xianyang, he immediately killed Ziying and burned down the palace of Qin. As we all know, Xiang Yu was from a noble family in the Chu State, and his grandfather, Xiang Yan, was also killed in the battle against the Qin army, which led to Xiang Yu holding a grudge against the Qin State and thus would not let Ziying go.
