Foreword
U.S. Navy Secondary Kings Kim Bull commented on Qian Xuesen : No matter where you are, Qian Xuesen is worth five naval landmakers.
Mao Zedong praised Qian Xuesen: Americans regard Qian Xuesen as 5 divisions. In my opinion, there are many power of Qian Xuesen than 5 divisions.
went to the United States to study in the United States.
In 1934, Qian Xuesen obtained Tsinghua University to study in the United States. This year he was 23 years old. In September 1935, Qian Xuesen rushed to the United States and officially entered the Massachusetts Institute of Technology for study. He studied aerospace majors.
, the choice of aerospace major, has also experienced some twists and turns. The Qian family is a family of Shuxiang. Qian Xuesen's father Qian Junfu is a literary and historical expert. He serves as the Zhejiang Education Department chief. Qian Junfu also hopes that his son can learn liberal arts, and does not support Qian Xuesen to choose aerospace majors.
is very persistent in Qian Xuesen's choice of disciplines. His idea is: scientific and advanced and comprehensive in American aerospace, hoping to promote the development of China Aerospace aviation through his own strength.
is Qian Xuesen's father -in -law Jiang Baili , supporting the choice of son -in -law, and also funded some of the son -in -law's funds. In this way, Qian Xuesen began his study life in MIT . When I first came to the United States, Qian Xuesen tried to learn English and learn aerospace knowledge, and soon obtained a master's degree in MIT. At a aviation academic exchange meeting in
, Qian Xuesen met Feng Camen, Qian Xuesen calmly answered all the questions raised by von Carmen, and von Carmen impressed this young man from China. He suggested that Qian Xuesen transferred from MIT to California Polytechnic for further studies.
MIT and California Institute of Technology are both world -renowned Institute of Technology College, but the two colleges are different in science and engineering. Massachusetts Science and Technology's engineering, architecture, and business majors are more prominent, while California Institute of Technology is more prominent in physical chemistry, aerospace, and planet Earth majors. Obviously, California Institute of Technology is more in line with Qian Xuesen's study goals.
, with the help of von Carmen, Qian Xuesen successfully transferred from MIT to California Polytechnic and became a student of von Carmen. At this time, Qian Xuesen was still a young student, but he had a certain opinion in scientific research, and followed Feng Carmen to conduct scientific research.
's famous "Carmen-Qian Xuesen Formula" came into being, and Qian Xuesen's name was known by more people. In 1939, Qian Xuesen graduated from California University of Science and Technology and obtained a dual degree in Aviation and Mathematics. Qian Xuesen, who graduated from
, still followed Feng Carmen to study. Feng Carmen also focused on his disciple. During this time, the United States was focusing on the missile test and research. Qian Xuesen followed the instructor to contact some research in this area and put forward many constructive opinions.
, for example, recommends the establishment of a jets in the United States, and suggest that the United States establishment of the Society to promote jet promotion technology. During the invitation of von Carmen, Qian Xuesen also joined the Air Force Scientific Advisory Team to make a significant contribution to jet spraying.
In 1942, under the recommendation of von Carmen, Qian Xuesen was allowed to participate in military secrets such as the US Department of Defense, the US Science Research and Development Agency, and the United States, and the United States. In the process of researching a rocket in
, Qian Xuesen was busy a few days and nights in the office, and he was tired of fainting. Fortunately, some colleagues found that they were sent to the hospital. With the unremitting efforts of Qian Xuesen, a successful emergence of a rocket was successfully released, becoming an important driving force for the US heavy bomber, and was praised and affirmed by the US military.
In 1944, Qian Xuesen had to work in and out of for a period of time because of his work needs for a period of time. The U.S. military awarded a golden certificate to Qian Xuesen, which means that it can participate in the US highest military secret pass, and with this golden seal, you can freely enter and leave the Pentagon.
Von Von Cammen
A few years later, Qian Xuesen studied the Machi number calculation formula and published a number of academic papers.Qian Xuesen's reputation was growing in the United States. In 1947, on the recommendation of von Kármán, he became a full professor at MIT and was the youngest tenured professor in the institute at that time.
In 1947, Qian Xuesen returned to China once. His father Qian Junfu needed a stomach operation. He went back to take care of him, and the operation was relatively successful. This time when he returned to China, Qian Xuesen also made a lifelong commitment. He and musician Jiang Ying have been in love for many years. This time they returned to Shanghai and it was natural for them to hold a wedding.
In fact, Qian Xuesen had the idea of staying in China when he returned to China this time, but the country was still in a state of war and there was no good soil and environment for scientific research. Qian Xuesen himself once said: "I traveled across the ocean and traveled thousands of miles to study in the United States. My only purpose is to serve the motherland."
However, the domestic situation is tense, especially in Shanghai, which has a large population and is a mixed bag. For his own life safety, With the persuasion of his friends, he returned to the United States with his wife.
Difficult and tortuous road back to China, detained in the United States for 5 years
On October 1, 1949, the good news of the founding of New China reached the United States. Qian Xuesen believed that the time had come to return to the motherland to serve, and he was very eager to return. However, no one expected that Qian Xuesen's journey back to China would be so difficult and even almost lead to tragedy.
During the Spring Festival of 1950, Qian Xuesen received a letter from his hometown, sent by his father-in-law Jiang Baili. The letter first brought New Year's greetings, and then described the domestic changes after the founding of New China. At the same time, it expressed the hope that Qian Xuesen and Jiang Ying would return to China.
Qian Xuesen read the letter and happily took it to his home in the United States, ready to share the good news in the letter with his wife. After Jiang Ying also read the letter, the couple discussed it and decided to return to China. Jiang Ying also smiled and said to Qian Xuesen: "I have been waiting for this day for a long time! It is so great!"
In March 1950, the domestic New Year had just ended, and Qian Xuesen returned to China with his wife and young children. However, just when the family had just stepped onto the ship and happily looked forward to life back home, a U.S. Navy team rushed over and surrounded Qian Xuesen's family.
The accident happened suddenly. Several soldiers looked serious, and two young children were frightened and cried instantly. The surrounding guests fell silent, and the only sounds left were the children's cries of "wow". Qian Xuesen and Jiang Ying secretly felt bad, but they comforted the children first.
Then Qian Xuesen asked the surrounding soldiers angrily: "What do you want to do?"
U.S. Navy Undersecretary Daniel Kimble stepped forward and said domineeringly: "Mr. Qian, I'm sorry, we don't mean any harm, we just want to Please come and have a seat on Termina Island."
Kimble
Kimble and Qian Xuesen are old acquaintances. They got along well before because of their work contacts. Even before Qian Xuesen returned to China, he said goodbye to the U.S. Navy Undersecretary. One sunny afternoon, Qian Xuesen walked into Kimble's office and said to him seriously: "Mr. Deputy Minister, I am here to say goodbye to you. I will return to my motherland."
Kimble suddenly heard the news , was shocked, he looked at Qian Xuesen with wide eyes, not knowing what to say for a moment. Kimble felt very incomprehensible. The American authorities treated Qian Xuesen very well, provided him with excellent living and working conditions, and trusted him very much, allowing him to participate in many important scientific researches.
Moreover, Kimble believes that Qian Xuesen is extremely talented and can only display his talents in the United States. China's current economy is so poor and its science and technology are very backward. Why does Qian Xuesen want to go back? He really didn't understand.
After Qian Xuesen left Kimble's office, Kimble reported the news to the US Immigration Service. He also expressed his opinions to the Immigration Bureau, saying that Qian Xuesen should not be allowed to return to China. This person knew many core secrets of the US missile project.
Kings commented on Qian Xuesen very high. He said: "One Qian Xuesen can reach the five naval warriors and rather shot him or let him go back to China!" Kimbul not only detained the Qian Xuesen family, but also confiscated all their luggage, including a large number of books and notebooks. The excuse is that there are materials involving the secrets of the United States. These books and notebooks were inspected closely before departure, without any illegal content.
Qian Xuesen has lived in the United States for many years, knowing that Timana Island is a "prison island" on the Pacific Ocean. The island is very desolate. Only thousands of people live in. They are developed because of certain oil resources. A gloomy prison is built on the island, which specializes in some special prisoners.
brought Qian Xuesen to "Prison Island". The United States did not take other compulsory measures. Instead, it was very good to retain Qian Xuesen in the United States. But Qian Xuesen was unmoved and firmly wanted to return to China.
is not soft, so you start to take some tough measures, such as strictly controlling Qian Xuesen's living materials, do not give meals, drink water, or even let him sleep, as long as people are alive. Although this method is not as direct as violent ways, it has caused great physical and mental damage to Qian Xuesen. After
Qian Xuesen was arrested, a public opinion storm was formed in China, the United States, and even the world. Over time, the pressure of public opinion was increasing, and the US authorities decided to change their strategies. At this time,
was actively saving Qian Xuesen. California Institute of Technology raised $ 15,000 in bail and proposed to bail Qian Xuesen. The U.S. authorities took the donkey on the slope and brought Qian Xuesen out of Timina.
was just 14 days. When his wife Jiang Ying saw her husband again, Qian Xuesen lost 30 pounds, and the change was almost difficult to identify. Her tears suddenly came out.
, the suffering of Qian Xuesen's family has just begun. Qian Xuesen, who returned to the US home, was tightly monitored by 24 hours, and his personal freedom was completely absent. This monitoring is very abnormal. Even if the bathroom is too long, it will be knocked to ask and urge.
Qian Xuesen's life lasts for 5 years. During this period, China has also tried various methods to negotiate and rescue, but there is no good effect. In these 5 years, Qian Xuesen did not abandon himself, but accepted open -minded, and learned to live well under such strict monitoring, and insist on learning.
In 1954, the incident finally turned around. Days of held , which made Qian Xuesen see hope. One day he was looking at the newspaper of the day, and happened to see a contents of the Geneva conference:
denied the behavior of hindering Chinese students and Chinese citizens at random, and condemned China for not release Americans who were detained in China.
Qian Xuesen saw this paragraph, and scolded the United States to be shameless. He was forcibly imprisoned in the United States. He couldn't contact the outside world at all. What is the behavior of the United States? After discussed
Qian Xuesen and his wife, they believed that they could not sit still, and they must report their current real situation to China. So the couple's two plans to help the cleaning aunt who came to engage in hygiene every week. Although this cleaning aunt is American, she is full of compassion and may be willing to help.
Zhou Enlai
plan is well implemented. Cleaning Auntie is willing to help and put a letter of Qian Xuesen in a garbage bag. After more than three months of twists and turns, this pro -letter was finally sent to Premier Zhou Enlai. Premier Zhou saw the letter and was complicated. Unexpectedly, Qian Xuesen was treated in the United States.
was once blocked by the news and could not get exact information. He thought Qian Xuesen was voluntarily staying in the United States to work. How could he think that he was imprisoned. After thinking carefully, Zhou Enlai thought that this matter had to be proposed at a suitable time, and took the Qian Xuesen family back to China as soon as possible.
in July 1954, the Geneva conference closed, but the contradiction between China and the United States did not resolve it.So Premier Zhou Enlai decided to continue consular-level talks with the United States. At this meeting, he proposed that the United States unconditionally release Qian Xuesen and a group of scientists studying in the United States to return home as soon as possible.
In order to show China's sincerity, China also released four American pilots seized during the Korean War . However, the U.S. representative still practiced Tai Chi and was vague, saying that he was unwilling to let Qian Xuesen and other scientists return to the country.
Zhou Enlai
Premier Zhou couldn't bear it anymore and took out Qian Xuesen's handwritten letter asking for help. Only then did the American representative become speechless and agreed to let Qian Xuesen's family return to China.
However, the service efficiency of the United States was really poor. Under China's constant urging, Qian Xuesen finally boarded the ship "President Cleveland" back to his motherland in September 1955. This time, the journey back home finally went much smoother, and no one could stop me.
Dedicated to scientific research, the results are full
Before returning to China, Qian Xuesen visited his mentor von Kármán. Although von Kármán was old, he was still full of passion. He really liked Qian Xuesen, his disciple, and blessed him: "You have surpassed me in academics now. It doesn't matter if you go back to your motherland. Science knows no borders."
When boarding the ship, Qian Xuesen sighed: The sky is extremely blue and the sea is The blue is clear and everything seems to have its own filter. After regaining his freedom, Qian Xuesen felt that the air he breathed around him was refreshing and comfortable.
When he got off the ship, Qian Xuesen said again: "With the efforts of the motherland, I am back, and it is my turn to work hard next!"
Qian Xuesen returned to China and actively devoted himself to scientific work without much rest. In 1956, at the suggestion of Qian Xuesen, the state decided to establish the Aviation Industry Committee and the China Rocket and Missile Research Institute to lay the foundation for the development of national defense science.
Domestic science, technology and financial strength are not optimistic. Qian Xuesen did not rush to produce scientific research results in the first step, but hoped to form an environment for scientific research first. His goal is not to achieve great results himself, but to pave the way for the scientific development of the motherland, establish institutions and cultivate talents.
In 1958, in order to speed up the development of the two bombs and one satellite project, Qian Xuesen proposed the establishment of an "Interstellar Astronautics Academy". On this basis, the country officially established the University of Science and Technology of China. Qian Xuesen became one of the founders of the school and served as the director of the Department of Modern Mechanics.
In 1960, China's national defense science and technology achieved major breakthroughs. Marshal Nie Rongzhen and a group of scientific researchers successfully completed the flight test of my country's first self-produced short-range missile at the Jiuquan launch site in Gansu.
In the mid-1960s, Dongfeng-3 entered a critical research and development period. The test base was not long established and the conditions were relatively difficult. Qian Xuesen is over 60 years old, and he still works on the front line, staying up late with all the staff to find problems and advance the experimental progress.
Some young staff suggested that Qian Xuesen go back to rest early and not stay up late all the time. Qian Xuesen refused to listen and worked with the young man. When he was tired, he would sit on a chair and take a nap. The young people around me all admired Teacher Qian so much when they saw his dedication.
With the joint efforts of everyone, the Dongfeng-3 test was a great success.
In 1979, China and the United States officially established diplomatic relations, breaking the diplomatic freeze for many years. Caltech awarded Qian Xuesen the "Outstanding Alumni Award". However, Qian Xuesen did not go to receive the award. After leaving the United States in 1955, he never set foot on American soil again.
In 1983, Qian Xuesen created the concept of " human mechanics " to provide a new research direction for human body science research. In 1994, China held the first academician conference of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, at which Qian Xuesen was elected as an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering.
Speaking of Qian Xuesen’s achievements after returning to China, there are too many. He has lived, studied, and researched all his life, and has made outstanding contributions to the development of science in China.
In 2009, Qian Xuesen passed away at the age of 98. He was considered to have lived a long life, but everyone still regretted his death.On November 6, a memorial service was held for Qian Xuesen in Babaoshan, Beijing. Many leaders of many countries came to see him goodbye, and many of the younger generations specially came to bid farewell to him.
China ’s science is developed in an extremely difficult environment. Not only does Qian Xuesen's predecessor, 23 scientists with two stars and one star, and many less well -known scientists have contributed their strength.
is not only two stars, one star today, we also have space station , we also have aircraft carrier , with higher levels of science and technology. These are all the results of a generation and one generation, so we should remember the history of the struggle of the predecessors, pay tribute to the people, learn from the people, and create a better future.
