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In Chinese history, Chen Sheng and Wu Guang Uprising were the earliest peasant uprisings. Therefore, we all subconsciously think that Chen Sheng is a farmer. However, many things cannot withstand being taken seriously, and they will be full of flaws once taken seriously. I think Chen Sheng is not a farmer, he should be a declining noble.
After careful analysis, the judgment that Chen Sheng was a farmer should come from the beginning of the article "Historical Records·Chen She's Family". The article describes this: "When Chen She was young, he tried to farm with servants. He stopped farming on the ridge. He felt regretful for a long time and said, 'As long as you are rich and honorable, you will never forget each other.' The servant smiled and said, 'If you are farming for servants, , how rich is Chen? She Taixi said: "Oh! How can a sparrow know the ambition of a swan?"
Is "farming with servants" and "stopping farming" from a farmer's background? This really cannot be understood this way. We cannot treat the things of the ancients from the perspective of modern people.
I think Chen Sheng is a nobleman, a declining nobleman. There are three reasons:
1. Chen Sheng is well-known and is undoubtedly a nobleman.
"Historical Records·Chen She Family" begins with "Chen Shengzhe, a native of Yangcheng, with the courtesy name She." During the Zhou and Qin dynasties, both names and characters were symbols of nobility. "Book of Rites·Guanyi" records: "It is the way to become an adult when you have already crowned and named it." "Book of Rites·Guanyi" also says: "When you crown and pronounce it, you respect its name."
In the name In the early days of the formation of culture, people generally believed that the names given by their parents could communicate with gods, so naming was a matter of great caution. When they grow up, children of noble families will be called by a "zi" in addition to their given names, and there are also related etiquettes. "Crown" means crowning , which is a coming-of-age ceremony. The elders roll up the hair of the adult child and put on a hat, which symbolizes that the child has grown up. At the same time as the crowning ceremony, a "zi" is taken. Having your own "zi" is a sign of entering society. Generally, only nobles will have a "zi". A "zi" has more of an "aura" that symbolizes status than a "name". .
For example, Qu Yuan, Mi's surname, Qu's family name, given name Ping, and the courtesy name Yuan; also comes from the name of Yun Zhengze, the courtesy name Lingjun, The descendant of Qu Xia, the son of King Wu of ChuXiong TongQu Xia. Shu Liang He , his surname is Kong, his given name is He, and his courtesy name is Shu Liang. The father of Confucius is a descendant of the vassal state of the Zhou Dynasty the monarch of the Song Dynasty. He once served as the official of Lu State Zou Yi. He is the " "Three Tiger Generals of the State of Lu".
Even if the nobles decline, they will still have names. Xiang Yu , a descendant of the Zhou royal family and the vassal state of Xiang. His surname is Ji, Xiang's family name, and his given name is Yu. Zhang Liang was named Liang, with the courtesy name Zifang. Zhang Liang's ancestor served as the prime minister of the five generations of Korean kings in South Korea.
Chen Sheng is not only famous, but also well-written. He is undoubtedly an aristocrat. He must be a declining aristocrat, so he "farmed with servants" and "stopped farming on the ridge."
There was a big difference between nobles and farmers during the Zhou and Qin Dynasties. Farmers had a very low social status and were often called "savages" or "villains" by the nobles. "Zuo Zhuan" records that in the 23rd year of Duke Xi, Duke Wen of Jin Chong'er was on his way into exile. "He came out of Wulu and begged for food from the savages. The savages tried to fight with them. The prince was angry and wanted to whip him." To put it bluntly, "savages" are Peasants who don’t understand etiquette. The down-and-out nobles who have been reduced to exile are still so arrogant, and even "want to be whipped".
In "The Analects", Fan Chi once asked Confucius for farming knowledge. Confucius said: "I am not as good as an old farmer." When asked for advice on growing vegetables, Confucius said: "I am not as good as an old farmer." After Fan Chi left, Confucius cursed: " What a villain, Fan Xuye!" It can be seen that during the Zhou and Qin Dynasties, there was a huge difference between nobles and peasants.
Farmers neither understand this ritual of tying young people's hair, crowning them with words, nor do they have the money to do such a thing. Therefore, during the Zhou and Qin Dynasties, there were too many people who were named or nameless. Su Qin , Zhang Yi , Xiao He , Fan Kuai , etc. all have names without characters.
Liu Bang, who was contemporary of Chen Sheng, should be a nameless person. Liu Bang was born a farmer, at most a small landowner, and his family made a living by farming. He was originally a gangster in the village, and his nickname was Liu Ji. What is Liu Ji? He is Liu Laosan, right? What kind of name is this? Liu Bang was a name he took after he became a nobleman.
2. Chen Sheng’s words and deeds show that he is not a standard farmer, but should be a noble.
First of all, I would like to state that the author is a child of a peasant family and values his peasant background very much. The analysis of Chen Sheng here does not discriminate against farmers at all. It only wants to analyze the characteristics of farmers from the perspective of language habits and personality characteristics.
During the break in plowing the fields, Chen Sheng said to his friends: "As long as you are rich and noble, don't forget each other." This wish is not the wish of ordinary farmers. What farmers often think about is "Twenty acres of land, one cow, wife and baby." As long as they have enough food and clothing, as for wealth, it is a futile thing, and it is useless to think about it. Since it is in vain to think about it, then don't think about it. , farmers are so real. It can be seen that even if Chen Sheng became a farmer, he was still a restless farmer.
When his friends didn't understand, he sighed: "The sparrow knows the ambition of the swan!" How can the little sparrow who is content with the status quo under the eaves understand the lofty ambition of the swan? This is even less the language of farmers. Farmers speak directly when they have something to say. They don't like to beat around the bush, they don't like to say things that are exhaustive but have endless meanings, and they don't make such profound metaphors. Farmers despised such a sour person, so people who farmed the land laughed at him. From this laughter, we clearly see that Chen Shengrong does not belong to the group of farmers.
3. Chen Sheng’s vision and mind are beyond those of ordinary farmers.
According to the records of "Chen She Family ", when he joined the army, Chen Sheng was the small leader of this group of border guards. Due to the bad weather, continuous rain, and heavy rain, according to the normal march progress, it was impossible for them to arrive at Yuyang to guard the border as scheduled. The Qin Dynasty law stipulates that those who cannot perform military service on time will be executed. At this critical moment (perhaps sooner or later), Chen Sheng analyzed and said: If we run away now, we will die if we are caught. If we are caught in the uprising, we will die. What kind of courage and courage is this? The characteristics of farmers are that they are honest, keep their jobs, endure humiliation and endure heavy burdens, and live in an ignoble existence... Why should they take the path of uprising when death is not imminent yet? Chen Shengzhen is no ordinary farmer.
If heroes among peasants can also have such courage, then Chen Sheng's analysis and understanding of the current world reflect that he is not a peasant who only knows the trivial matters in front of him, but a nobleman who has the world in mind and helps the common people.
Chen Sheng analyzed the world situation and told the inside story: Qin II Hu Hai is the youngest son of the first emperor , not the eldest son. According to Qin's inheritance system, Hu Hai should not inherit the throne. The legal successor is Young Master Fusu . According to reliable sources, Prince Fusu was not liked because he repeatedly advised Emperor Qin, so the emperor found a reason to let him go out to lead troops. Not long ago, it was reported that Prince Fusu was killed by Qin II on unfounded charges even though he was not guilty. How do farmers know such secrets? But Chen Sheng knew. The farmers didn't care about these secrets either, but Chen Sheng did.
Chen Sheng then further analyzed: Everyone in the world knows that Master Fusu is wise and kind, but they don’t know that he died unjustly. If we claim to be the army of Prince Fusu and Chu general Xiang Yan and call on the heroes of the world to overthrow the rule of Qin II, we will definitely get the response of tens of thousands of people. This kind of analysis really accurately grasps the pulse of the times.
Chen Sheng is clearly the elite of the era who was born to overthrow the Qin Dynasty.Although we do not have more reference materials to prove Chen Sheng's thoughts and actions, we can reasonably guess that before joining the exiles, Chen Sheng had already paid attention to the development of the Shang Qin Dynasty. Although he did not have "anyone to replace him" or "a real man" "As such" remarks, but he knew the world's current situation very well, and his mind was no less than that of Zhuge Liang in later generations. Such a person can never be a farmer with his face facing the loess and his back turned to the sky.
Precisely because he had a clear understanding of the current situation, during the uprising mobilization speech, he loudly shouted a slogan that the peasants could not even think of: "Do princes and generals have the talent to live in peace?" Are princes and generals born? Why must we listen to them? The deafening cry awakened countless suffering people to unite and defeat Qin. Under his instigation, this group of unarmed migrants raised poles as flags, cut down trees as soldiers, "made alliances for the altar, and sacrificed the captain's head." Chen Sheng established himself as a general and named Wu Guang the captain . Chen She was not only familiar with army management methods, but was also good at attacking cities and fighting in the field. He led the rebel army to break through obstacles and was invincible. When they reached Chen County, the rebel army had six to seven hundred chariots and more than a thousand war horses. , with more than ten thousand soldiers, a strong and strong army quickly swept across the Central Plains. Do you think this was done by farmers at this time? Is Chen Sheng still a farmer? Chen Sheng should be a deep-seated dragon who is familiar with military books and tactics and has been stinging the people for a long time.
"Historical Records" is a trustworthy history. Read "Chen She Family" carefully from front to back. As the subject of observation, Chen Sheng, except for "working as a servant", has almost no traces of farmers on his body, but he is always everywhere. Showing his noble background. Chen Sheng, a declining nobleman, was indeed a rare talent in the late Qin Dynasty. His achievements in "garrison soldiers shouting and sending letters to the valley" will be remembered by future generations forever. From him we can learn many valuable life wisdoms.
