As a master among world history masters, the author today introduces to readers a little-known world history knowledge related to the last monarch.
Among the more than two hundred countries in the world today, as long as the country was once a monarchy country but is not now, then there must be a last monarch. This is an inevitable logical relationship. When it comes to the last monarch, I believe many people first Of course, what comes to mind is the last monarch in our Chinese history, who was Emperor Xuantong of the Qing Dynasty Aisin Gioro Puyi . The scope of
has expanded to the whole world. The more well-known last monarchs include: Emperor Bao Dai of Vietnam's Nguyen Dynasty, Muhammad I of Iran's Pahlavi dynasty, Napoleon III of France's Bonaparte dynasty, and Germany. William II of the Hohenzollern dynasty, Nicholas II of the Russian Romanov dynasty, etc.
Among the last monarchs of various countries in the world, one is particularly special and unique because she is the only female among all the last monarchs. She is the last monarch of Hawaii, Liliuokalani I.
The last monarch of Hawaii, Liliuokalani I
As we all know, Hawaii today is the 50th state of the United States, but historically Hawaii was an independent monarchy. Before the 19th century AD, Hawaii was still an isolated Pacific Islands . Native Hawaiians living in primitive tribes lived on many islands. The rivers between the islands did not interfere with the well water.
In 1782 AD, Kamehameha I became the leader of the Hawaiian Island tribe. He did not know where he came from to unify his thoughts and launched a unification war against the Hawaiian Islands . After more than 20 years of hard work, in 1810 AD , he successfully conquered Hawaii Island , Oahu , Maui , Molokai , Lanai and many other islands completed the only unification in the history of the Hawaiian Islands. Then he imitated European countries and implemented a monarchy system. He ascended the throne and called himself king, established the Kamehameha dynasty , and the official country name was the Kingdom of Hawaii , the capital. Honolulu (called Honolulu by the Chinese because of its rich sandalwood), Oahu implements a dual monarchy (between an autocratic monarchy and a constitutional monarchy, the monarch has certain real power).
Hawaiian Islands
Hawaii's social nature changes are also quite rare. Like the United States, it jumped directly from primitive society to capitalist society without experiencing slave society and feudal society. Why Kamehameha I, as the leader of a primitive tribe, had such advanced ideas and implemented such an advanced system is unknown to later generations. It is speculated that Europeans had already set foot on the Hawaiian Islands to engage in related activities at that time. Kamehameha King Ha I was deeply affected, so in order to commemorate Kamehameha I, he was honored as Kamehameha the Great .
After the establishment of the Hawaiian Kamehameha dynasty, many countries in the world gradually recognized Hawaii and established diplomatic and trade relations with it, which led to the rapid development of Hawaii's politics, economy, society and other aspects, including parliaments, banks, highways, etc. Various modern products have emerged. Among them, the country that is most actively communicating with Hawaii is the United States, which was born decades before Hawaii.
Kamihameha I, the founding monarch of Hawaii
In the decades after the establishment of the Hawaiian Kamehameha dynasty, there were a total of eight kings. Their birth, death and reign years are as follows:
1. Kamehameha I ( 1740-1819, reigned 1810-1819 ), the founding monarch
2. Kamehameha II (1797-1824, reigned 1819-1824), 1's eldest son
3. Kamehameha III (1813-1854, reigned 1824-1854), 1 The second son of 2, the half-brother of 2 Kamehameha IV (1834-1863, reigned 1854-1863), the grandson of 1, the nephews of 2 and 3
5. Kamehameha V (reigned 1830-1872, 1863-1872), grandson of 1, half-brother of 4
6. Lunalilo I (1835-1874, reigned 1872-1874), cousin of 4 and 5, member of the collateral royal family
7. Kalakaua I (1836-1891, 1874-189 Reigned 1 year), cousin of 4 and 5, member of the collateral royal family
8. Liliuokalani I (1838-1917, reigned 1891-1893 ), the subjugated monarch, the same mother of 7
The history from the second king Kamehameha II to the seventh king Kalakaua I will not be discussed in detail in this article. The author mainly introduces the subjugated country. Monarch and Queen Liliuokalani I.
Liliuokalani I of the Kamehameha dynasty of Hawaii
Liliuokalani I was born in 1838 AD. He was a member of the collateral royal family of the Kamehameha dynasty of Hawaii and the same mother of the seventh king Kalakaua I. Sister, in fact Kalakaua I During her reign, she was often away from the country and instead visited abroad. She was also the first monarch in world history to travel around the world. Therefore, at that time, she always exercised the power of the king to rule Hawaii in place of her brother. Unfortunately, at that time, the United States was becoming more and more powerful in Hawaii. Beginning to threaten the rule of the Kamehameha dynasty, she always tried to take some measures to counter American power.
In 1891 AD, Kalakaua I died of illness, and Liliuokalani I succeeded to the throne and became the eighth king of the Kamehameha dynasty of Hawaii and the only female king. However, by this time she had no How much power does it have to rule Hawaii, because the United States has already suppressed the border with its military, and the domestic American forces have been able to influence the political situation in Hawaii, and she has no way to save it.
In 1893 AD, under strong military pressure from the United States, domestic American forces launched a coup, defeated the palace guards, rushed into the palace Iolani Palace took control of Liliuokalani I, and then announced the overthrow of Ka The Kamehameha dynasty abolished the monarchy. The Kamehameha dynasty, the only dynasty in Hawaiian history that lasted for 83 years, perished. The Kingdom of Hawaii ended and was replaced by the Republic of Hawaii, a transitional regime supported by the United States.
The Kingdom of Hawaii was destroyed and the Republic of Hawaii was established
Looking at the history of various countries in the world, Liliuokalani I was not only the fallen king of the Kamehameha dynasty of Hawaii and the last monarch in Hawaiian history, but also the only last female in the history of the world. monarch.
After Liliuokalani I was forced to abdicate, she spent the rest of her life in Hawaii and the United States. While in Hawaii, she was accused by the United States of being the mastermind of a conspiracy to restore the Hawaiian monarchy, but she insisted that she had no knowledge of it. In the end, she was imprisoned for several years. After she was released from prison, her life did not change much until she died in the United States at the age of 79.
After the abdication of King Liliuokalani I
and extending the historical knowledge of Hawaii, Hawaii officially became a US territory in 1898 AD After the Spanish-American War because the United States defeated Spain and officially annexed Spain , Spain was also forced to cede the Philippines, Cuba, Puerto Rico and other colonies to the United States. However, Hawaii was not officially established as a state until more than half a century later in 1959 AD and became the 50th state of the United States. The American flag ββThe 50th star on the Stars and Stripes Banner.
In fact, the descendants of Queen Liliuokalani I, as well as the descendants of the royal family members of the Hawaiian Kamehameha dynasty, have never given up the dream of restoring the country, although the Hawaiian Kamehameha dynasty has been destroyed for a hundred years. For many years, these remnants of the former dynasty have been scattered in various countries around the world, mainly in the United States, Australia and other places. They have always fought for the restoration of the country in various ways, and even held demonstrations, but they have never achieved much. I believe Hawaii Card The Mihameha dynasty and its Hawaiian Kingdom had no chance of restoration.
Finally, it is worth mentioning that if ancient Egypt and Egypt are counted as two countries, in fact, the last monarch of ancient Egypt was also a woman. She was the famous fallen king of the Ptolemaic dynasty Cleopatra , the title of the monarch Cleopatra VII , but the author thinks that it is too old and should be counted as a country together with Egypt. The last monarch of Egypt was the male Fuad II, so the last monarch of each country in the world is Hawaii Kami Liliuokalani I of the Hamiha dynasty was the only female monarch.
Iolani Palace in Honolulu, the capital of the Kingdom of Hawaii
