1. How did Confucius evaluate himself? In the sixth year of Duke Ai of Lu, Confucius went from the State of Chen to the hometown of Cai State - Fuhan, which now belongs to the State of Chu, and is managed by Ye Gong Zhuliang. Ye Gong and Zhu Liang respected Confucius very much. A

1, How does Confucius evaluate himself?

In the sixth year of Duke Ai of Lu, Confucius went from the state of Chen to the hometown of the state of Cai - negative letter, which now belongs to the state of Chu, and the administrator is Ye Gong Zhuliang.

Ye Gong and Zhu Liang respected Confucius very much. As soon as Confucius received the letter, he asked Confucius for political advice. However, this was not enough. He also asked Zilu privately about Confucius' personality.

Zilu didn't know Ye Gong's true thoughts and didn't dare to answer rashly. When he came back, he told the teacher, which led to Confucius's evaluation of himself.

"He is a man who is so angry that he forgets to eat and is happy and forgets his worries. He doesn't know that old age is coming." "

In the sixth year of Lu Aigong, Confucius was already sixty-three years old, but he used "old age is coming", indicating that he believed that sixty-three years old had just begun to enter old age. On the other hand, he described himself as "not knowing that old age is coming", which means that he doesn't feel old yet. Therefore, this sentence of Confucius shows that his mentality at that time was very young and he did not regard himself as an old man.

The second is "getting angry and forgetting to eat."

This sentence was used by Confucius to describe his state of study. He said that he could "forget to eat" when studying, which shows that he was eager to learn.

In fact, Confucius was "love to learn" throughout his life, and he enjoyed the pursuit of knowledge. Mr. Qian Mu said of him: " He has devoted his whole life to learning, eager to learn, eager to learn, and happy. He has never slacked off in his sincere pursuit."

He is still very angry and forgets to eat at the age of sixty-three, which shows his pursuit of knowledge. , is really a lifelong pursuit, no slacking off. And this non-satisfaction is because he enjoys it, so he can persist in it for a lifetime.

The third is "Be happy to forget your worries"

The second half of the sentence "Be happy to forget your worries", Confucius is talking about his own state of mind and mentality. But Mr. Qian Mu believes that he does not mean that he is a carefree person.

Throughout his life, Confucius hoped to apply what he had learned to the world. He still traveled around the world in his destiny year, just to be able to promote his ideas. He cared about the world and the people, so he could not be without it. Carefree.

However, Confucius was wise. He understood that worrying was useless, as long as he kept doing what he should do. Therefore, while studying and preaching, he promoted his own governing ideas for leaders of various countries, and never slacked off for a day. As for the outcome, it is not up to him alone. He did what he was supposed to do and stopped thinking about anything else, so he had nothing to worry about. Therefore, he described himself as "happy enough to forget his worries."

Confucius's evaluation of himself is extremely simple, but difficult to achieve. There are few people who can do it when people grow old but their hearts don’t grow old. It is even more difficult for people to do it by working hard to forget about food and happiness.

2, what is Confucius’ view on a gentleman becoming an official?

Confucius met several reclusive people in the old place of Cai State, which is the place of Fuhan. Through their contact with Confucius, we can see Confucius' views on "a gentleman's official position".

First, Confucius first encountered , then . According to legend, Jieyu was a madman. When he met Confucius on the road, he did not talk to Confucius. Instead, he passed Confucius' carriage while singing. What was he singing? "Feng, why is your virtue getting worse day by day? The past cannot be changed, but you can still take precautions in the future. Forget it, forget it, it is very dangerous to be an official now."

Jie Yu is from Cai Guo, Chu The country was powerful, so in order to avoid the Chu State, the State of Cai signed a contract with the state, and the negative letter therefore became the territory of the State of Chu. Jie Yu, with the mentality of a Cai man, was hostile to the Chu State, and naturally he did not want to see Confucius serving the Chu State. Therefore, he sang this song to persuade Confucius not to become an official of Chu State.

However, since he was a native of Cai and had knowledge and talent, he should come out to serve the country, instead of living in seclusion in this occupied hometown and being a hermit, only daring to sing and admonish Confucius when he passed by. Is it useful for him to sing? Of course it's useless, it just helps to comfort myself.

2. Chang Ju and Jie Dun

Confucius and his party also met Chang Ju and Jie Dun who were working in the fields. Confucius sent Zilu to ask for directions. They asked who they were and learned that they were Confucius and his disciples. They advised Zilu: "In this world, instead of following people who avoid others, it is better to follow us who avoid others." You are a man of the world."

Zilu came back and told Confucius, and Confucius said somewhat sadly: "If people don't get along with each other, who will they get along with? If the world is peaceful, will we need to come out to change the world?"

Chang Ju He Jiedrong must not be an ordinary person, otherwise he would not know about Confucius and his disciples. But they also chose to escape from the world, became depressed, stayed away from the world, and ended their remaining lives.

Although Jie Yu did not serve as an official, at least he still had resentment in his heart, but these two people had no fighting spirit at all. Therefore, Confucius just sighed with sadness and did not try to convince them.

Three, the father-in-law

Zilu fell behind Confucius for a while, and met an old man on the road. Zilu asked the old man if he had seen his teacher. But the father-in-law replied: "You can't do anything, and you can't separate grains. How can you be a teacher?" The father-in-law kept Zilu, took him home to receive him, and asked his two sons to come out to salute him.

The next day, Zilu caught up with Confucius and told the teacher what had happened. Confucius knew that this was a hermit and asked Zilu to go back to find him, but the old man had already left.

This old man could say " If the four bodies are not diligent and the five grains are not separated, who is the master?" Confucius knew that he was not an ordinary person. However, he only understands the morality of father and son in life, but does not understand the morality of king and minister in his family and country. Confucius then asked Zilu to find him, just to advise him that ministers should serve the country, which is the way of a monarch and his ministers.

Through these three stories, we can see that Confucius's view of "a gentleman's official position" is: No matter whether the king is wise or not, no matter whether the world is clear or not, a gentleman should shoulder his responsibilities and try his best to serve the country. When the king has the right principles, a gentleman should come out to serve; when the king has no right principles, the gentleman should step out and work hard to change the world. Confucius did not approve of choosing to escape from the world because things in the world are unethical.

3, what is Confucius’ view on human relations and national law?

Confucius’ views on filial piety can be seen through two stories.

1. Dialogue with Ye Gong

When Confucius was in charge of the letter, Ye Gong, as the manager of the letter, wanted to express the local humanistic education.

At that time, the state of Chu belonged to the state of Chu, which was located in the south and was considered a barbarian land by the countries living in the north at that time. But by the time Confucius was writing the letter, after many years of development, the Chu State had become very different from the original barbarian land. So Ye Gong wanted to show the folk customs and education under his rule in front of Confucius.

Ye Gong gave an example, saying that in their place, a man's father stole someone else's sheep, and the son would come out to report the father.

What Mr. Ye means is that the local people abide by the law and , and they will not bend the law for personal gain, even between father and son.

But Confucius said: "We are different. The father will help his son hide it, and the son will help his father hide it. This is true integrity."

Confucius believed that the relationship between father and son is human ethics, and the law is always righteousness. The value of human relations is greater than justice, and it cannot be destroyed. So when it was time to choose between the two, Confucius believed that human relations should be chosen.

Two, The father-son dispute between Kuai Kuai and Kui Gongzhu