The ten-year-long Cultural Revolution left indelible scars on history, and today we will learn about some things on the eve of the Cultural Revolution.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, "serving proletarian politics" gradually became the mission of historians at that time. In addition, Mao Zedong proposed at the time that "class struggle, some classes are victorious, and some classes are eliminated. This is history, this is the history of civilization for thousands of years." The tendency to use "class struggle" to cover everything began to gradually spread. .
started with the "Historical Revolution" in 1958, and thus began to deny China's thousands of years of history, while it unanimously praised the peasant uprisings. Those ancient politicians, military strategists, writers and even scientists were all considered to be "spokesmen of the ruling class" or "imperial tools of the feudal dynasty". Anyway, none of them were good people.
The only good people and heroes left were those who rebelled against the peasants. As Mao Zedong once said: "The heroes of Liangshan are heroes who are unwilling to be oppressed and dare to resist. Although Liangshan did not produce Marxism-Leninism at that time, What they do is basically in line with Marxism-Leninism."
It is under this tendency that since the beginning of Pangu, the entire Chinese history has been excepted by Chen Sheng, Wu Guang, Huang Chao and Li Zicheng. , , Hong Xiuquan, and others, no one left is a good person.
China's famous historian and Peking University professor Jian Bozan published a series of articles in an attempt to reverse the tendency to describe Chinese history as a dark mess. However, the good times did not last long. Guan Feng and Qi Benyu, who later became the main members of the Cultural Revolution Group of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, wrote articles entitled "Using Class Perspectives and Historicism Issues in Historical Research" and "Comments on Li Xiucheng's Autobiography" respectively. Criticize Jian Bozan by name.
Li Xiucheng was the loyal king and an important figure in the later period of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. At that time, he suggested to Hong Xiuquan to abandon and Tianjing , but it was not adopted. So he decided to defend his country and die for his country. Before he was captured and executed by the Qing army, he wrote a "Autobiography". It mainly records his own participation in the Taiping Rebellion. In order to prevent his subordinates from being slaughtered, he wrote some words of praise for Zeng Guofan and Zeng Guoquan, hoping that they could surrender their subordinates. Qi Benyu therefore identified Li Xiucheng as a traitor.
After Li Xiucheng was labeled a "traitor", the plaque " Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Zhongwangfu " at the entrance of the Humble Administrator's Garden in Suzhou and the painting in the hall depicting Li Xiucheng summoning his generals to hold a military meeting were also considered to be "building a monument and biography for the traitor" "sign" was removed.
After the release of Qi Benyu, the drama "Li Xiucheng" was also discontinued. At that time, many scholars were opposed to this "historical revolution" that "reviled everything". In 1963, the deputy director of the Propaganda Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China convened a meeting of some scholars. At the meeting, he believed that the tone of Qi Benyu's article was wrong. If he denied it, there would be few good people in Chinese history. At the same time, this article cannot deny Li Xiucheng’s life-long revolution. After the meeting, the Central Propaganda Department instructed the drama "Li Xiucheng" to be performed as usual.
Seeing this, Qi Benyu felt that the situation was not good and was planning to write a review. At this moment Jiang Qing summoned him. It turned out that it was Jiang Qing who introduced his article to Mao Zedong, and Mao Zedong read it and approved a few lines: "In black and white, there is irrefutable evidence. Infidelity in the late festival is not enough as a lesson." With this After being encouraged, Qi Benyu felt relieved and continued writing his revolutionary articles.
And this "historical revolution" was the forerunner of the Cultural Revolution. Its impact is that many universities have eliminated history majors, and the history departments of some normal colleges have also been merged into other departments. Even if some university history departments survive, only two of the "Four Histories" will remain.
That is, the history of the Communist Party of China, the history of the international communist movement , the history of peasant wars, the history of imperialist invasion of China, the history of poor and lower-middle peasant families, the history of people's communes, villages, and factories. This is undoubtedly a serious disaster for education. Of course, in addition to this influence, there is also the denial of all "honest officials". Under this argument, Hai Rui, Lin Zexu, Zheng Banqiao, etc. were all considered "reactionaries". As a result, in November 1965, the Cultural Revolution began.
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