This describes some people who act extremely cautiously and are always wary of the environment they are in, just like walking on thin ice, and like they are always facing a terrible abyss under their feet. They are trembling, not daring to act arbitrarily, or to act recklessly. ,

There is a saying in "The Book of Songs·Xiaoya": "Being trembling with fear is like facing an abyss, like walking on thin ice." This describes some people who act extremely cautiously and are always wary of the environment they are in, just like walking on thin ice. Likewise, it's like facing a terrifying abyss at your feet all the time. You are trembling with fear, not daring to act arbitrarily, and act recklessly to avoid fatal dangers that may occur at any time.

In ancient times, "walking on thin ice" was often used as an admonishment or motto for emperors, wise ministers and noble scholars to behave in life. However, people today always think, don't they feel "aggrieved" and uncomfortable living like this? Let's see King Wen of Zhou If Ji Chang had not been able to "walk on thin ice" in his life, just like his biological father, King Zhou Ji Li , who was brutally killed by the King of Shang, and even exterminated his country and his clan, how could he have survived? Later, there were only two in the three-thirds of the world? In the end, eight hundred princes formed an alliance with the Yin and Shang dynasties, and his son Ji Fa, King Wu of Zhou, established the Ji Zhou Dynasty for 800 years.

And In the early years of the Tang Dynasty , the famous admonishment minister Wei Zheng didn't he repeatedly use "walking on thin ice" to warn the extraordinary Tang Taizong Li Shimin not to be complacent, not to be greedy for pleasure, and not to give advice to his ministers. Being impatient and unable to find any excuse to relax and slacken the administration, this led to the glorious "Reign of Zhenguan" during the reign of Emperor Taizong Wen, and prevented him from embarking on the tragic path of Emperor Sui Yang, who was so happy about his successes that he eventually succumbed to his country's death.

In fact, the editor has always believed that among the Twenty-Four Histories, the one who achieved the ultimate in "walking on thin ice" was not the "disobedient" emperor who always needed guidance from others, but an emperor who pursued a low-key and cautious life, but was also an extremely popular minister. The emperors of the four dynasties were inseparable from him. He was the old man who assisted Anbang for more than fifty years. He was the son of Mr. Zhang Tang, the most famous cruel official during the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Zhang Anshi.

Zhang Anshi, courtesy name Ziru, when he was young, he directly became a Langguan in the Han court based on his father's relationship. He can be said to be a full-fledged second-generation official. Later, because he was good at writing and writing articles, he became a minister of the Han Dynasty. He is a clerk, and he is very skilled in his business, and he is also extremely diligent and dedicated in his work. Even if he is on vacation, he does not leave the house to play.

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty Liu Che lost three boxes of books when he visited Hedong County , so Emperor Wu issued an edict to ask the local government if the books could be retrieved for him. As a result, the local government had no solution at all, only Zhang Anshi recognized these books, and was then arranged to search for them. Finally, he bought these sets of imperial treasure books on the black market and forcibly proofread them. Not a single page or word was missing from the book. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty thought that Zhang Anshi was a genius like his father, and immediately promoted him from a junior official to Shangshuling , and later to Guanglu doctor.

After the death of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Mrs. Gou YiZhao Ji's sonHan ZhaodiLiu Fuling came to the throne, and the general Huo Guang was in charge. This Huo Guang was the younger brother of Huo Qubing, the first general of the Han Dynasty. Because Zhang Anshi had always been He was very dedicated to his duties, and Huo Guang was extremely close to and relied on him. At that time, General Zuo Shangguan Jie (the biological grandfather of Emperor Zhao of Han Queen Shangguan and the biological father of Huo Guang's son-in-law Shangguan An), the imperial censor Sang Hongyang , and the sister of Emperor Zhao of Han the eldest princess of Eyi, wanted to have him. The third son of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, King Yan Liu Dan, proclaimed himself emperor, but General Huo Guang made an immediate decision and forcibly executed them all.

After that, Huo Guang believed that all the old ministers in the court had been wiped out, so he recommended Zhang Anshi to Emperor Zhao of the Han Dynasty as the right general and Guang Luxun to assist him in governing. After a long time, Emperor Zhao of the Han Dynasty issued an edict: "The right general, Guang Luxun Zhang Anshi, has stayed in the palace to serve as a guard and assist in the government. He has been respectful to the people for thirteen years, making the government and the people in peace and harmony, and getting close to the virtuous ministers. This was the way of the ancient Emperor Yao and Yu Shun . Now I want to confer Zhang Anshi as Fupinghou ! "

Unexpectedly, Emperor Zhao of the Han Dynasty died the next year, and before he was buried, the general Huo Guang She told Empress Shangguan that she would promote Zhang Anshi to the rank of General of Chariots and Cavalry, and jointly recruit Changyi King Liu He to proclaim himself emperor.Unexpectedly, this Changyi king was dissolute and immoral. Huo Guang and Zhang Anshi were so angry that they wanted to depose him and make Liu Bingji, the great grandson of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Liu Bingji as emperor.

Soon after, Liu Bing proclaimed himself emperor. This was Emperor Xiaoxuan of Han Zhongzong and Liu Xun. Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty In order to praise the ministers, he issued an edict: "The merits of General Chaoqiu, Guang Luxun, and Marquis Fuping Zhang Anshi are second only to that of General Huo Guang. I have increased his food town by 600 households! ｜ Zhang Anshi's son Zhang Qianqiu, Zhang Yanshou, Zhang Pengzu were all elected to the palace as lieutenants and generals, and their sons were named to increase longevity.

Later, the general Huo Guang died a few months ago, and the imperial censor was appointed. The Prime Minister of Wei said: "Zhang Anshi served Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty for more than thirty years, and made decisions with the general Huo Guang to make the world benefit from him. It is appropriate to respect his position and be promoted to the general. His son Zhang Yanshou can succeed him. He became Guang Luxun and commanded the guards in the palace! "

Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty also wanted to do this, but after Zhang Anshi heard about it, he was very frightened and refused to take the responsibility. He asked to see the emperor and refused in person. In front of Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty, he took off his hat and said: "I heard such nonsense. , I think I am not qualified to hold the position of general, I hope the emperor will take pity on me and save my life! "

Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty smiled and said: "Ai Qing, you are too modest! If you can't be a general, who else can be a general? "Zhang Anshi declined in every possible way, but Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty refused to allow it. A few days later, the emperor awarded Zhang Anshi the Grand Sima and the Chariot and Cavalry General, as well as the minister. A few months later, the emperor removed the Chariot and Cavalry General. Zhang Anshi was also in charge of the troops and horses of the two palace guards, the city gate, and the Northern Army. At that time, Huo Guang's son Huo Yu became the right general, and Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty also became the right general. Letting Huo Yu concurrently serve as the Grand Sima was just like when Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty made Wei Qing and Huo Qubing serve as the Grand Sima to form a check and balance. Then he dismissed Huo Yu's right general to garrison troops, honoring him with a false title, but actually taking away his power. Military power. Another year later, Huo Yu directly rebelled and was executed by the Yi tribe. , while Zhang Anshi was even more cautious. His granddaughter Zhang Jing was the daughter-in-law of a descendant of the Huo family's relatives, and according to the law of succession, she would be executed. Zhang Anshi was so anxious that he was thin and frightened, and his whole appearance changed. Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty felt pity for him and personally issued an edict to pardon Zhang Jing to comfort Zhang Anshi.

But Zhang Anshi was even more frightened. He was usually more cautious in his work in the court and more thorough in his dealings with others, which made people inside and outside the court have no objections to him. had to formulate a general strategy every time. After he and the emperor made a decision, he immediately claimed to be ill and went home to recuperate. Everyone in the world was I only knew that it was the emperor Shengming, but Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty was embarrassed, so he ordered him to enter the court to receive rewards. He looked very surprised and sent his officials to the Prime Minister's Mansion to inquire about the situation, and then praised the saint and thanked him. Therefore, the court ministers did not know this It was agreed between him and the emperor.

If an official he recommended came to his house to thank him, he would be very angry, saying that he had recommended talents, so how could he forcibly cut off the person? There was an official in the imperial court who thought he had great merit but was not promoted, so he went around scolding everyone. Zhang Anshi then said to him face to face: "You claim to have great merit, wouldn't the emperor know this?" People should do their own thing well, why should they talk about their merits? then refused to give him any promotion, but soon after, this official still got the promotion he deserved. This shows how fair Zhang Anshi is, and he is also a good old man who is sharp-tongued but has a heart but has principles and bottom line.

The Cavalry General Shogun Shi was about to be promoted and transferred. Before leaving, Zhang Anshi asked the Chief if he had made any mistakes in his usual life. Please remind him again. The Chief said: "The general is a loyal minister of the current Holy Lord, but he has not done anything for it. If your Majesty recommends any sage, everyone in the world will laugh at the general!" Zhang Anshi sneered and said: "The Holy Emperor is very clear about both virtuous and dishonest people. As ministers, we only need to be ourselves. , why do you have to recommend this person and support this person to gain fame? " Zhang Anshi went to this point to hide himself from power.

When he was Guang Luxun, an official got drunk during a palace banquet and actually urinated in a side hall of the imperial city. The official in charge reported that he wanted to bring the official to justice. Zhang Anshi said: "How can you know that it was not because of the drink?" Why should people be punished for such a small mistake?" Later, another man had an affair with his maid, and the maid's brother revealed the matter for no reason. Zhang Anshi After hearing about it, he said: "A slave got angry out of shame and used this to frame a well-dressed man!" He then ordered the government office to punish the brother of the servant. He was like this for hiding small faults.

Zhang Shi'an felt very uneasy when he saw that his father and son were becoming more and more prominent in the court, so he asked the emperor to send his son Zhang Yanshou to fill the vacancy as a minor official. Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty granted Yanshou the title of governor of the North. At the end of the year, Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty took pity on Zhang Anshi's old age and recalled Zhang Yanshou back to the capital. He directly appointed him as Zuocao and Taipu, ranking among the nine ministers.

During the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Zhang Anshi's biological father was the favorite of Emperor Wu, but he was wronged and committed suicide. Later, An Shi's biological brother Zhang He followed Prince Wei Liu Ju, and later Liu Shi also committed suicide after being wronged, and the prince's guest They were all executed. Zhang Anshi forcibly submitted a letter in front of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, pleading for his brother in every possible way. In the end, Zhang He ended up like Sima Qian. He was exempted from the death penalty, but he had to be castrated in the Jamsil , and then became Ye Ting in the palace. Order, and the later emperor's great-grandson Han Xuan Emperor Liu Xun was raised in Yeting. His biological father was Liu Jin, the son of Prince Wei, also known as Shi Huangsun.

Although Zhang He was alive, he always felt sorry for the innocent death of Prince Wei. He took good care of the young orphan Liu Xun in every possible way. The kindness between the two was very deep. When Liu Xun grew up, Zhang He taught him Reading, and personally explained to him the complete set of "The Book of Songs". Originally, he wanted to marry his granddaughter to the adult Liu Xun, but Zhang Anshi strongly opposed it, and later had to marry Xu Guanghan, who was also a criminal eunuch. His daughter Xu Pingjun married Liu Xun. Xu Pingjun was able to marry Liu Xun because he had a long-standing engagement, but unfortunately his fiancé died early before the marriage. Zhang Anshi also used his family wealth to pay a bride price for Liu Xun. It was like supporting him. Father and son.

Zhang He heard all kinds of strange things about Liu Xun again, so he told his brother Zhang Anshi about them and praised Liu Xun for being very talented. Zhang Anshi sneered and stopped him from talking anymore, and said that now that Emperor Zhao is in power, he should not Talking too much about the great-grandson of the emperor.

When Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty came to the throne, his benefactor Zhang He had passed away. Emperor Xuan cried and said to Zhang Anshi: "Yeting ordered my benefactor He to praise me all his life, but my beloved objected in every possible way. You did the right thing at that time! Otherwise, I would have been long ago. No life left!" Zhang Anshi heard this and felt that Emperor Xuan was really a saint. Emperor Xuan missed Zhang He very much, so he wanted to posthumously make him a Marquis of Ende and send 200 families to guard his tomb. Zhang He had a son. He died young, so Zhang Anshi asked his youngest son Zhang Pengzu to adopt him as his heir.

Zhang Pengzu studied at the same table with Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty since he was a child. Emperor Xuan wanted to confer Zhang Pengzu with a title, first the title of Marquis of Guannei. After Zhang Anshi heard about it, he immediately came to reject the reward for Zhang Pengzu, and asked to reduce the number of families guarding Zhang He's tomb, saying that thirty families were enough! Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty said angrily: "I did all this for my benefactor Ye Tingling. It is to repay the favor, not to be a general!" Zhang Anshi was so frightened that he did not dare to speak anymore.

Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty then issued an edict: "Then only thirty households will be set up to guard the tomb of Zhang He, the late emperor of Ye." He also visited his tomb in person and lived in the south house of Dou Cock's house to the west of the tomb. This is the place where Emperor Xuan often visited when he was young. The next year, Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty issued another edict: "When I was young and humble, I was ordered by Ye Ting Zhang He to treat me as his own son and personally teach me the art of literature and classics. His kindness was extraordinary and his merits to me were great." Great! It is said in "The Book of Songs" that there is no hatred in the world that cannot be repaid, and there is no kindness that cannot be repaid! Zhang He's heir Zhang Pengzu, I want to make him the Marquis of Yangdu, and posthumously honor him as Yangdu. Aihou, to express my condolences!"

And Zhang He also had an orphan named Zhang Ba, who was only seven years old. General Xuan of the Han Dynasty also directly named him Sanqi and Zhonglang General, and granted him the title of Marquis of Guannei and the title of Shiyi. Three hundred households, Zhang Anshi and his son were granted the title of marquis for a time, and became famous in the court. However, Zhang Anshi was so frightened that he hurriedly resigned his salary to Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty and only accepted the title. Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty issued an edict to order the officials to transfer the salary of Zhang and his son to " It was hidden in the treasury in the name of "Zhang's nameless money", amounting to millions.

Zhang An Shigui was a prince, with thousands of households living in the city, but he was wearing black coarse cloth. He was afraid that his wife would also spin and make clothes by herself. There were 700 servants and children in the family, but everyone had to do handicrafts to support themselves, and they also had to He went to do small business outside the mansion to supplement his family's income, so the wealth of Zhang's family was actually richer than that of General Huo Guang. But Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty was afraid of the general Huo Guang, but treated Zhang Anshi like a relative or elder.

In the spring of the fourth year of Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty Yuankang , Zhang Anshi was seriously ill, so he wrote a letter requesting the return of his position as marquis, and then resigned and returned to his hometown. Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty replied sadly: "The general is old and seriously ill, and I am very sad. Without you by my side, I can't do many things. So please don't return the seal of Fuping to General Wei? So that the world won't say anything about me. He is unkind to his benefactor, and I hope the general will take good care of his illness and live a good life!" Zhang Anshi then forcibly got up to handle government affairs for Emperor Xuan, but he died of illness in the autumn. Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty sent his own Royal Forest Army chariots and horses to carry out the funeral for Zhang Anshi, and gave him the posthumous title of "Jinghou" because he was a person worthy of respect throughout his life.

Zhang Anshi's second son, Zhang Yanshou, inherited the position of Marquis of Fuping, and Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty also respected him very much. Later, his son Zhang Bo succeeded to the throne and became an admonishment official. Zhang Bo also recommended the famous general Chen Tang to the Han Yuan Emperor . Later, Chen Tang made an immortal contribution to the Western Regions, and spread the everlasting heroic saying of "Anyone who dares to commit a crime will be punished no matter how far away" In a foreign land thousands of miles away!

Zhang Lin, the son of Zhang Bo, was also very loyal, filial and frugal in his life. Every time the emperor awarded him a reward, he would sigh and say: "Sang and Huo have given me a warning, isn't that generous!" In other words, what Sang Hongyang and Huo Guang had received back then. Isn’t the reward generous? I want to take their fate as a warning!

Zhang Bo was still the consort of Princess Jingwu. Before his death, he told his family that they must be buried sparingly and frugally, which made everyone in the world praise his virtue. His son Zhang Fang was deeply loved by Emperor Cheng of Han Dynasty . Emperor Cheng actually betrothed the daughter of his queen Xu's brother to him, and arranged a wedding for him in accordance with royal specifications on the grounds that he was the emperor's cousin. Therefore, the people of the world It is said that this is "the emperor takes a wife, the queen marries a daughter".

Zhang Fang was very close to his cousin Emperor Cheng of the Han Dynasty. They often flew together as eagles and lackeys, and even played incognito. It is recorded in the history books that "lid up and down with the superior, and loved him very much", which means that the two of them lived and ate together. They were together. Emperor Cheng of the Han Dynasty favored him more than anyone else. Therefore, some people said that Zhang Fang was the "male favorite" of Emperor Cheng of the Han Dynasty. At the same time, he was criticized and hated by many people. Later, Emperor Cheng of the Han Dynasty suddenly died. In the White Tiger Palace, Zhang Fang cried and died in grief.

Zhang Anshi's eldest son Zhang Qianqiu and Huo Guang's son Huo Yu were both Zhonglang generals. They followed General Fan Mingyou of Du Liao to conquer Wuhuan. After their triumphant return, Huo Guang personally asked about their performance on the battlefield. As a result, Zhang Qianqiu was very angry. The mountain topography, troop deployment, and battle strategies were all answered fluently, but Huo Yu couldn't remember anything. Huo Guang predicted that the Zhang family would definitely defeat the Huo family! Then it turned out to be true.

Zhang Fang also had a son Zhang Chun who inherited the position of Marquis of Fuping. Like his grandfather Zhang Lin, he was thrifty and self-educated. The world said that he had the "legacy of respecting the marquis". When Wang Mang usurped the Han Dynasty , did not dare to touch their Zhang family, so Zhang Chun did not lose his title. When Emperor Guangwu of the Han Dynasty Liu Xiu restored the Han family, Zhang Chun became the Great Sikong of the Eastern Han Dynasty and was renamed Wu Shihou. After his death, he was He was given the posthumous title of "Jiehou", and his son Zhang Fen also achieved the position of Great Sikong. His grandson Zhang Fu later only became a minor official. By the time of his great-grandson Zhang Ji, it was already the reign of Emperor Han'an of the Han Dynasty. Zhang Ji had no children after his death. The fiefdom was automatically abolished.

Zhang Tang to Zhang Ji lived through ten generations. Although Zhang Tang was loyal to the Han Dynasty, he was almost annihilated because he was a cruel official. Since the time of Zhang An, he has always let his descendants adhere to the principle of "full but not overflowing, low-key" The Zhang family's "cautious, walking on thin ice" approach to life, coupled with his brother Zhang He's "favor and kindness" to the Han Dynasty, allowed the Zhang family to go through three dynasties: the Western Han , the New Dynasty, and the Eastern Han Dynasty, and serve sixteen emperors. , enjoying the favor and grace, which lasted for nearly two hundred years.

Zhang Anshi assisted the four emperors of the Han Dynasty for more than fifty years, including Emperor Wu (more than thirty years), Emperor Zhao (thirteen years), King Changyi (one month), and Emperor Xuan (twelve years), and finally ranked among the great Han Qilin. One of the eleven heroes of the pavilion, he has become a famous official of a generation that is even better than his father!

"Marry" twice a year, create a "golden cave" for his brother-in-law, and eventually become the eternal hero of the emperor