At first, under the governance of the Khitan people of the Liao Kingdom, the Jurchen tribe continued to grow and develop. However, in the later period, the Liao royal family was incompetent and oppressed the Jurchen tribes everywhere. Under extreme circumstances, the Jurchen roya

Preface

The Jin Dynasty was a feudal dynasty with a strong exotic color in history, and the Jurchen tribe of the founding dynasty was also a subsidiary of the Bohai Kingdom during the Liao Kingdom. At first, under the governance of the Liao Kingdom Khitan , the Jurchen tribe continued to grow and develop. However, in the later period, the Liao royal family was incompetent and oppressed all Jurchen tribes. Under extreme circumstances, the Jurchen royal family Wanyan Agu was beaten , Resist the authorities.

▲Jin-Liao War

With the establishment of the Jin Kingdom , the Jin, Liao, and Song Dynasties formed a relatively stable situation. However, during the short years of the Jin Kingdom's existence, it appeared in the Two Song Dynasties with extremely strong means. In the history books, they are also the tribe among the ethnic minorities that promoted the Chineseization relatively smoothly, and their influence on history was very profound. The bloodline of the Jin people clearly has the attributes of the grassland. The Jin destroyed the Liao and then the Xia. In the history of the Jin Dynasty, Wave after wave of talented people who were good at governing the country and generals who were good at conquering the country appeared one after another. These heroic sons and daughters of the Jin Dynasty wrote the history of the Jin Dynasty with their blood.

The five elements are in conflict with each other, and the Kingdom of Jin is facing

1, internal and external troubles

At the beginning of the establishment of the Song Dynasty , it first formed a confrontation with the Liao Kingdom. Under its leadership, the Wanyan clan had numerous frictions with the Song Dynasty, and the original Wanyan clan was originally from the Liao Dynasty. It was a small country affiliated with the country until the Liao Kingdom Bohai people suppressed the Jurchen tribe with their power and oppressed and humiliated the Jurchen tribe. Under the heavy pressure of the Liao people, the living space of the Jurchen tribes was suppressed. This was an internal worry. At the same time, Northern Song Dynasty Kings of the past dynasties would often send troops to conquer border tribes, either to make achievements or to consolidate their rule. In this situation of being attacked from both sides, the Jurchen Wanyan Aguda united the various tribes and ethnic groups in the grassland to establish a new political power in an attempt to change the situation of long-term oppression and intrusion by the Liao and Song Dynasties.

▲ Jurchen tribe

2, Five Elements Theory

The ancient Five Elements theory classified the Song Dynasty as the attribute of fire, and the Jurchen people followed this as the name of the country, and the golden water to extinguish fire came from this. Although this theory of the Five Elements is untrue, and was also called the theory of cows, ghosts, and snakes in ancient Chinese history, the so-called Five Elements and Eight Trigrams have been passed down to this day, and have also affected countless ethnic minority tribes. The Liao Kingdom used iron as its Attributes: The Kingdom of Jin takes metal as its attribute. From the name of the country, we can see that the Jin people are brave and good at fighting. Their tolerance and respect for Han culture are also rare in history.

Maritime Alliance , jointly resisting the Liao

1, establishing a self-established portal

Wanyan Aguda himself is a member of the Jurchen royal family, and his appeal and military combat capabilities quickly made him stand out in the army. Until Wanyan Aguda established the Jin Dynasty in the Emperor's Village, the Liao Dynasty The emperor realized that the situation seemed to be serious. The tributary country that had previously been vassal to him began to establish its own business, so the Liao Emperor sent troops to conquer, hoping to annihilate the Jurchen tribe in one fell swoop and establish his own prestige.

Unexpectedly, the Liao Dynasty attacked the Jin Kingdom several times and was defeated one after another. Even the great generals before the war had their heads cut off by the Jinmen and hung on the city tower for public display.

The war between Jin and Liao was also relatively bloody. City massacres and killings were relatively common scenes. Most of the prisoners of war were used as low-level military service to build the city. The corvee and taxation of the Jin Dynasty were the same in all dynasties. Through this method, the Jin people's regime was relatively simple and their politics were relatively clear, so they had free energy to fight against the wars with the Liao Kingdom and the Northern Song Dynasty.

▲ Jin Taizu

2, Sea Alliance

The Liao Kingdom and the Jin Kingdom fought against each other for many days without a winner, but the Northern Song Army wanted to get a piece of the pie, so they immediately sent envoys Ma Zheng and Zhao Liangsi to surrender, and soon In order to establish a maritime alliance with the Jin Dynasty, the two countries began to merge to fight against the Liao Dynasty. The Jin Kingdom and the Liao Kingdom have been in a state of opposition for a long time. With the addition of the Song Dynasty, the Liao Kingdom soon came to ruin. Emperor Liao led the remnant soldiers to establish the Western Liao . After the Liao was divided, Jin Taizu set his sights on the Northern Song Dynasty. This is where the famous Jingkang Disgrace occurred in history. The Jin Kingdom believed that the Song Dynasty had violated the agreement. For this reason, he sent his troops south to kidnap the two emperors of the Song Dynasty. From then on, the history of Northern Song Dynasty ended here.

Under the rule of Shizhang, the country was consolidated and settled

1, and the prosperity was peaceful

After the Jin Kingdom successively destroyed the Liao and the Northern Song Dynasty, its territory and territory reached a very large scale. He stopped the pace of the southern expedition and managed the government in a leisurely manner. However, the Jin people followed the golden mean of the Northern Song Dynasty in governing the government. What surprised many historians is that the Jin people governed the government in a completely Chinese way. In terms of internal affairs, He promoted Confucianism and implemented a pragmatic approach to the economy. At the same time, he also adopted a multi-ethnic integration approach to treat ethnic minorities suffering from famine. While cultivating and living, he was exempted from unreasonable and heavy taxes. In his Under the governance of the Jin Dynasty, the economy and politics of the Jin Dynasty reached unprecedented prosperity.

▲ Maps of the Jin and Song Dynasties

2, cultural prosperity

In terms of political ideology, the Jin Dynasty adopted the idea that the royal family is equal to other countries, Han people are equal to ethnic minorities, domestic territory and foreign borders are mutually inclusive, and people within the four seas can learn from the Han people culture and knowledge, while the evaluation of Han people is more general, and those who believe that they have a common heart for the world are called "Han". In terms of the people-oriented thinking of the military and civilians, they believe that the country is far less important than the people, and they have a relatively heavy people-oriented thinking. In the Jin people's evaluation of the Tang Minghuang, this simple people-oriented thinking is more obvious. The Jin people even said that the disaster of the Anshi Rebellion in the Tang Dynasty did not originate from the concubines, the eunuch dictatorship or the Anlu Mountain rebellion. Its fundamental root was the Tang Ming Emperor himself. The so-called emperor, Being unfair and honest will breed traitors, and the fact that the Jin people do not regard women as causing trouble for the government shows that the Jin people are relatively fair. In addition, they all have their own opinions on right and wrong. They believe that the truth of right and wrong cannot be caused by people's words, but following one's own heart is the original truth.

▲ Under the premise of political and economic prosperity for women and children in the Jin Dynasty

, the culture of the Jin Dynasty was also very developed, and the degree of Sinicization was also very profound. The Jin Dynasty also provided special support to the Han people. It was rare that it did not have the same political power as other ethnic minority governments. In order to consolidate To suppress or even marginalize the Han people in order to gain political rights of their own ethnic group. The Kingdom of Jin even spent a lot of financial and material resources to give preferential treatment to the Han nobles, establish Han schools, and spread Han culture within the nation. Jin Zhangzong is a sign of the profound sinicization of the Jin Dynasty. As an emperor, he was familiar with the Four Books and Five Classics since he was a child, and he could write well. However, Jin Zhangzong paid too much attention to cultural development, which is consistent with his doting on Li Shier and her They were related to relatives, and made an exception to allow Guozhu, who was born as a Han Chinese, to manage the government affairs. In the midst of foreign relatives' interference in politics and unequal treatment, the political affairs of the Jin Dynasty gradually fell into disrepair, while the northern Mongolian tribes slowly rose up.

The heirs are not prosperous and they died in Mongolia

1 and the descendants are few

During the Jin Dynasty, the royal family in the later period was relatively withered, the descendants were few, and there were not many who were good at managing government affairs, and most of them were ignorant people. In the later years of the Jin Dynasty, Emperor Jin Ai, who advocated the development of agriculture, came online. This emperor was good at diplomacy. He established a good relationship between Xixia and Southern Song , and also recovered a wave of land by the way. During this period, he continued to cultivate and recuperate. Almost brought the Jin Dynasty back to life.

But at the same time, the Mongolian Khanate has been growing and growing, and has gradually become determined to unify the northern grasslands. After the death of Genghis Khan , the tribes in the grasslands fell into short-term civil strife.

▲The army of the Jin Dynasty

2 was defeated by the Mongols

Although the Jin people and the Mongolians are both nomadic peoples, their combat capabilities and military strength cannot be compared, and Yuan Dynasty After Yuan Taizong succeeded to the throne, in order to continue the greatness of the Mongolian ancestors With the goal of unifying , they took the lead in launching a war against the Jin Dynasty. Due to the disparity in strength, the Jin Dynasty was defeated and several generals were killed. Until the Mongolian army invaded Bianliang City and forced Emperor Ai of Jin to sue for peace, However, Emperor Ai of Jin was never willing to surrender, so in a crisis, he passed the throne to the most unlucky emperor in history Emperor Mo of Jin and then committed suicide in the rebellion. Since then, the Jin Dynasty has completely gone to ruin.

Summary

The Liao people, the Jurchen people, and the Mongols who later unified the dynasty were all tribes that had lived on the grasslands for a long time. The Mongols adopt militarized management and have been wandering between grasslands and deserts for a long time. They have the strongest military power. As the mother tribe of the Jin Dynasty, the Jurchen people have long been influenced by the Liao Kingdom and the Song Dynasty. Politically, they have always been managed by the integrated Han people. Model, military is also gradually becoming more and more sinicized, and the difference between the Jin Dynasty people and the Mongols is that they will all inherit the Chinese governance, and the sinicization also makes their own grassland attributes begin to weaken. The culture of the Jin Dynasty was more inclined to Confucianism. The culture and official system of the Jin Dynasty and the Song Dynasty were relatively similar, so the Jin people were a relatively tolerant nation. There were not only Han people, but also Liao people in their court. There are a lot of literati. Compared with the Yuan and Liao Dynasties, the Jin people are more studious, but the Jin people's attitude towards the slavery system is still relatively primitive and barbaric, and it did not change until the late Jin Dynasty.

▲Jinren Tribe

Talented people have emerged from generation to generation, and each has been leading the way for hundreds of years. In fact, the Jin Dynasty was not weak in terms of civil governance and martial arts, and the Jin people were the most willing ethnic minority in history to accept Hanization. Until the late Jin Dynasty, the Han aristocracy was on an equal footing with the Jin people. If the Jin Dynasty could continue the rule of Shizhang for hundreds of years, then the final situation would not be certain. The rise and fall of the Jin Dynasty was also related to its own choices. Being too sinicized made it too weak to resist the military power of the Mongol Khanate. However, the peaceful and prosperous age of the Yuan Dynasty in history was due to the sinicization of geology.

▲ Map of Mongolia and the Jin

The cavalry of the Jin Dynasty could destroy the Liao and Song Dynasties, but they fell down on the Mongols who were born on horseback. Things are impermanent, but the bravery and enlightened and tolerant mentality of the Jin people are extremely rare in the eyes of ethnic minorities. If a nation has infinite tolerance, enlightened attitude, and strong vitality, then this nation will inevitably prosper. , the so-called harmony without difference, this is how the world is unified.

References:

"Imperial Control System"

"History of the Jin Dynasty"

"Beifeng Yangsha Lu"

"Zhenguan Politicians"

"Latter Liao"