The Wanli Emperor was quite angry at the treachery of the Jianzhou chief. In 1616 AD, when Nurhachi established the Later Jin regime, the Ming Dynasty had long looked at this Liaodong hero. Unfortunately, they had just experienced the three major Wanli expeditions. The finances o

On April 13, 1618 AD (Wanli of the Ming Dynasty), Nurhachi took the oath to "sue heaven" in Xingjing and read out a proclamation to the Ming Dynasty regarding the seven major hatreds he had with and the Ming Dynasty . Emperor Wanli was quite angry at the treachery of the Jianzhou chieftain. In 1616 AD, when Nurhachi established the Later Jin regime, the Ming Dynasty had long looked at this Liaodong hero, but they had just experienced Wanli at that time. During the three major conquests, the Ming court's finances were tight, and the Wanli emperor and his courtiers had tense confrontations over Zheng Guifei 's sealing of the queen and the founding of the country, and the party struggle was fierce. There was no time to take care of Nurhachi, so he could only turn a blind eye and let Nurhachi dominate Liaodong.

Nurhachi really looks like

But this time it is different. The Jianzhou chieftain who used to bow to the Ming Dynasty and the Aixinjueluo family who have been favored by the emperor dare to openly challenge the Ming Dynasty. After promulgating the "Seven Hatreds of ", Nurhaci led 20,000 cavalry to conquer Fushun, Qinghe, and threatened Shenyang, Liaoyang. Emperor Wanli felt that the situation was serious and he must severely punish the Jianzhou chief. Otherwise, Liaodong would directly threaten the capital and shake the foundation of the Ming Dynasty. So he appointed Yang Hao as the Liaodong Economic Strategy, decided to encircle and suppress Nurhaci, and notified North Korea that the Jurchen Ye He tribe would send troops to help. The three tribes had a total of about 110,000 troops, and they were said to be 200,000 (some say 470,000). This time The Ming Dynasty is coming fiercely, and vows to defeat Nurhaci in one fell swoop and recreate the power of Emperor Chenghua who once plowed the courtyard and swept holes..

Guanning Iron Cavalry

The Ming army was divided into four armies, preparing to advance in multiple directions and attack together to annihilate the enemy. At this time, Nurhachi showed his military genius and had the same military insights as the great leader Chairman Mao more than two hundred years later. No matter how many times you came, I only went all the way, concentrating superior forces and annihilating the enemies one by one, giving full play to the hard-working, tenacious and courageous qualities of the Eight Banners soldiers, and taking advantage of the flexible and mobile characteristics of the cavalry, made a great breakthrough in Sarhu With the exception of the slow-moving Li Rubai who was lucky enough to be defeated and saved, the other three armies were almost completely wiped out. Liu Ting, Juniper and other brave generals died in battle one after another. The Ming army was defeated in Sarhu. From then on, it lost the strategic initiative in Liaodong and had no choice but to turn to strategic defense. However, Nurhachi's Jianzhou Jurchen was in Baishan and Heishui from then on. Between the vertical and horizontal galloping anything.

The situation in Liaodong in the late Ming Dynasty

Nurhachi showed his prowess in the Battle of Sarhu. He adopted the correct strategy and defeated more with less, laying the foundation for the founding of the Manchu and Qing countries. Who would have thought of this humble Jianzhou before? Boy, it’s really disappointing that Li Chengliang ’s soldiers can now dominate the Northeast and dominate the world.

In fact, Nurhaci did not confront the Ming army from the beginning. On the contrary, Nurhaci's ancestors were also favored by the emperor. The ancestor of Nurhachi, the Qing Taizu, Meng Ge Timur , was appointed by the Ming Dynasty as the commander of the Jianzhou Left Guard. However, his family gradually declined. When he was young, Nurhaci often collected pine nuts and ginseng and sold them in Han markets. As a result, he was gradually influenced by Han culture, learned to speak Chinese, and loved reading the Romance of the Three Kingdoms. When Nurhaci's grandfather Jue Chang'an and his father Tucker died, Jianzhou right guard Wang Gao gradually became stronger and almost unified the entire Jianzhou. Wang Gao's ambition gradually expanded, constantly provoking the Ming Dynasty, invading the borders, and finally led to Then came the thunderous strike of Li Chengliang, the god of war in Liaodong. Li Chengliang covered the sky in Liaodong with one hand, dividing and disintegrating the various tribes in Liaodong. Whichever one became stronger and emerged would be destroyed. Therefore, during Li Chengliang's era, all tribes in Liaodong were under his despotic power. Jue Chang'an, Tucker World was no exception. They decisively surrendered to Li Chengliang and served as the guide for Li Chengliang's troops. Therefore, Li Chengliang always got twice the result with half the effort when attacking Wang Gao. He defeated Wang Gao without much effort, but Wang Gao was defeated. Gao's son Atai still refused to give up and formed a stronghold to fight against Li Chengliang. Jue Chang'an and Takeshi went to persuade Atai to surrender, but were accidentally killed when the Ming army attacked the stronghold.

Nurhachi in the film and television drama

Nurhaci was still young at the time. He lost his grandfather and father overnight. It is understandable that he was deeply sad. Perhaps from this time on, he had the idea of ​​overthrowing the Ming Dynasty, but he was still very weak. , the weak have no right to speak. However, Nurhachi couldn't just laugh it off because his father and grandfather were killed. He had to ask for an explanation. He used the thirteen pieces of armor left by his father and grandfather to raise an army and sent people to ask the Ming army why they killed his father and grandfather for no reason. The Ming army was out of guilt. Return the remains of Aixinjueluo Nurhachi's ancestor and father, and give him "thirty imperial edicts, thirty horses, the title of General Dragon and Tiger, and the imperial edict to the governor". Aixinjueluo Nurhachi reorganized the old tribe, including Anbulu, Anfei Yanggu, father and son, etc., plus the newly collected tribes, there were dozens of people in total. And these are the first pot of gold from which it started.

Eight Banners Cotton Armor

After that, Nurhachi fought south and north, east and west, and miraculously became more and more powerful. His excellent military talents and wise mind were fully demonstrated in military operations again and again. . He not only unified the Jurchen tribes in Jianzhou, but also successively conquered the Haixi Jurchens, intimidated North Korea, and won over Mongolia. Until the forty-fourth year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1616), Aixinjueluo Nurhaci was named in Hetuala "Nurture the wise Khans of all countries", the country was named "Dajin " (historically known as Hou Jin), and he became the Great Khan of Hou Jin, with the reign name of Tianming . At this time, Aixinjueluo Nurhachi had captured most of the Jurchen tribes. The Ming Dynasty remained indifferent until Nurhaci issued the "Seven Hatreds" and launched an army to rebel against the Ming Dynasty. Even the governor of Jiliao declared that the Jurchens of Jianzhou were obedient to the orders of the Celestial Dynasty, which is incredible. Under the neglect of the Ming Dynasty, Nurhachi grew barbarically until he could threaten Liaodong of the Ming Dynasty. In 1618, the tragic Battle of Sarhu occurred, and the Ming army was completely defeated. After that, Nurhaci also won more battles against the Ming army than lost. Especially in the Battle of Guangning, Nurhaci defeated Liaodong Economic Strategy Xiong Tingbi and Liaodong Governor Wang Huazhen, and captured Guangning, an important town in western Liaoning in the Ming Dynasty (today's Beizhen City, Liaoning). Immediately afterwards, the Hou Jin Dynasty captured more than 40 castles in western Liaoning such as Yizhou, Jinzhou , and Dalinghe. Xiong Tingbi and Wang Huazhen led the remnants of the Ming army and hundreds of thousands of refugees to Shanhaiguan.

Eight Banners Equipment

In the eighth year of Houjin's destiny (1623), Nurhachi was attacked by the land and sea divisions of Mingdenlai Governor Yuan Keli and instigated rebellion against his son-in-law Liu Aita. He suffered consecutive defeats and withdrew from the fertile land of the Southern Three Guards. , I dared not peek into western Liaoning for three years. This was the lowest three years since Nurhachi launched his army against the Ming Dynasty.

Eight Banners Soldiers

Nurhaci’s policy towards the Han people in his later years was relatively humane. As long as the Han people returned to the capital, they would be given land, encouraged farming and weaving, and promoted economic development. However, at the end of his rule, Nurhachi’s policy towards the Han people took a turn for the worse, and he invaded and occupied Liaoning. After sinking the area, they obtained a large area of ​​land. He implemented the farmland system and promulgated the "Order of Land Granting to the Ding". The people cultivated and produced their own crops in peacetime and served as soldiers in wartime. At the same time, Hou Jin entered Liaoshen. After the victory, they looted property and destroyed the city many times. Tens of thousands of Liao people were killed. The captured Han people were forced to shave their heads and change their clothes to as usual, and most of them were compiled. Many Han people were forced to work as servants in Jurchen families or as serfs on farms. Many Han people could not bear to be enslaved and rebelled, which led to the instability of the Later Jin society in the late Destiny period.

In the early days, the Eight Banners soldiers were brave and invincible

Because of the massacre of Liaodong , they first slaughtered the valleys and Nikkans, then killed the rich households, and punished the virtuous, which caused a large-scale resistance among the Liao people, so that Aisin Gioro Nurhachi had no interest in political affairs for several months. In January of the eleventh year of the Later Jin Dynasty (1626), Aixinjueluo Nurhaci launched the Ningyuan Battle. Ming Dynasty defender Yuan Chonghuan defeated it with the Hongyi cannon made by Portugal, and retreated to Shengjing. (Shenyang).This was a rare defeat since Nurhaci started his army. Nurhaci was very unconvinced and "claimed that the veteran was defeated by the boy", and even agreed with Yuan Chonghuan on a date to fight again. Who knew that it would not be a holiday, and Nurhachi died of illness in July of that year. Both sides have different accounts of Nurhachi's death. The Ming army said that Nurhachi died from the Hongyi cannon, while Qing Dynasty historical data said that Nurhaci died from gangrene. However, before the Battle of Ningyuan, Nurhaci was in good health and even personally supervised the battle. The division was far closer to the front line than Ningyuan, and Nurhaci died mysteriously only half a year after the Battle of Ningyuan. This can't help but make people suspicious. According to Korean records, Korean Li Xingling was an interpreter sent by North Korea to assist the Ming Dynasty in attacking Nurhachi. Official, later became familiar with Yuan Chonghuan and was left with Yuan Chonghuan. He once recorded: After Nurhaci withdrew his troops, Yuan Chonghuan sent a lama with gifts to Houjin Camp to "express his apology." Of course, Yuan Chonghuan did not have peace talks with Nurhachi, but sent people to see how Nurhachi's physical condition was. At this time, Nurhaci was indeed hit by a cannon and was seriously injured. But Nurhaci was very heroic. Not only did he not embarrass Yuan Chonghuan's envoy, he also prepared a gift to thank Yuan Chonghuan:

Chonghuan immediately sent an envoy, prepared something to thank him and said: "The veteran has been running rampant in the world for a long time, and now he has been defeated by a boy, how can he count?" yeah! Nurhachi was seriously injured, and he thanked him for the gift of a horse. Please take advantage of the opportunity to fight again. He died out of anger.

It can be seen from this that Nurhaci may have been injured by the Hongyi cannon and was defeated by an unknown young man named Yuan Chonghuan. He was so embarrassed and angry, and had trauma on his body, which led to his death from infection. A generation of heroes died in regret at the age of 68.

Many people praise Nurhachi as a hero. He was a genius, started from scratch, and raised an army with thirteen pieces of armor. For decades, he fought in the white mountains and black waters, and conquered the world with almost no defeats. He laid the foundation for the founding of the Qing Dynasty and the rule of the world. . In this regard, Nurhaci is indeed worthy of praise. He had outstanding military talents and could be regarded as a god in using troops. In particular, he created the Eight Banners, a system that united the military and civilians. The Eight Banners was not only a military system, but also had administration, production, justice, Clan functions.

Eight Banners

Nurhachi created the Eight Banners to integrate the Jurchen tribesmen from different regions and with scattered cohesion into a highly disciplined social whole. It not only enhanced the combat effectiveness of the army, but also became a sharp edge for Nurhaci to achieve hegemony. But Nurhaci also had a cruel and murderous side. People praised his illustrious martial arts, but I saw thousands of people in Liaodong displaced. People in Liaodong were either killed or enslaved, their wives were separated, and their families were destroyed. These scenes of human tragedy are really It’s shocking and sad. One general can achieve the goal of tens of thousands of bones. There is nothing to say about this, but I always feel that a true master of kings should not blindly be bloodthirsty, benevolent, enlighten, and benevolent to all people. Nurhaci It's indeed remarkable, but I don't think it's worthy of the praise that comes only once every four hundred years.