Since they were destroyed by the Jin Kingdom in the north in 1127, Emperors Huizong and Qinzong of the Song Dynasty were also captured by the Jin people and taken to the north. After that, the only fallen prince, Kang Wang Zhaogou, who was not captured by the Jin soldiers, was in

in the Song Dynasty experienced 320 years. Since they were destroyed by the Jin Kingdom in the north in 1127, Emperors Huizong and Qinzong of the Song Dynasty were also captured by the Jin people and taken to the north. After that, the only fallen prince King Kang Zhao Gou (Gaozong of the Song Dynasty) who was not captured by the Jin soldiers was in Hangzhou. The name of the Song Dynasty was restored. Therefore, historians divided the Song Dynasty into Northern Song and Southern Song Dynasty. From 960 to 1127 in the Northern Song Dynasty and from 1127 to 1279 in the Southern Song Dynasty, the Zhao family ruled the world, but they were all destroyed by foreigners. The Northern Song Dynasty was destroyed by the Jin people Jurchen tribe , and the Southern Song Dynasty was destroyed by the Mongolian tribe in the grasslands.

The political power of the Northern Song Dynasty was seized from the Later Zhou of the Five Dynasties: Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin launched the "Chenqiao Mutiny" and seized the throne of Chai Zongxun, the young leader of the Northern Zhou Dynasty. Because Zhao Kuangyin once served as the governor of Guide, and Guide was the area of ​​the ancient Song Dynasty, therefore, he named his country Song, which was the Song Dynasty. After the establishment of the Song Dynasty, the ten southern kingdoms were destroyed one after another, ending the division of the world in Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms and reunifying the country. Then, the Zhao Song Group adopted the strategic decision of "emphasis on literature and suppressing military affairs", vigorously developed the imperial examination, brought a large number of literati to the political arena, and set off a nationwide reading craze, bringing the culture of the Northern Song Dynasty to an unprecedented heyday. Literary politics and Song poetry has become two major symbols of civilization in this era.

The Northern Song Dynasty began to attack Sichuan in October 964, and it took only 66 days to seize Sichuan's separatist power Houshu. The lord of Shu, Meng Chang, ended up surrendering, and his property was looted. In the Northern Song Dynasty, the gold, silver, treasures, silks and satins plundered from Shu were transported to Bianliang, Tokyo. It took several years to complete the transportation. It can be seen that Sichuan's wealth at that time was huge, and it laid a strong material foundation for the later elimination of other countries in the Northern Song Dynasty.

In the Northern Song Dynasty, "roads" were set up locally, and the country was divided into fifteen roads, which were later divided into eighteen roads, and then into twenty-three roads (directly under the central government, higher than the government, state, military, and supervisory levels). Sichuan area is divided into four roads, namely Yizhou Road, Zizhou Road , Lizhou Road, and Kuizhou Road, collectively called "Sichuan Road", so "Sichuan" got its name, and it is still used today ( before the Song Dynasty) Sichuan's names include Liangzhou, Shu Kingdom, Shu County, Yizhou, etc.).

After the Northern Song Dynasty took over Sichuan, there were two major wars in the early stage. First, the Shu soldiers, under the leadership of Quan Shixiong, armed themselves to resist the burning, killing and looting of the Song Dynasty army. They once captured 16 states in western Sichuan. It was not until the Song army on the east route won the battle of Xinfan outside Chengdu that their resistance was quelled. . The second war was a peasant uprising under the leadership of Wang Xiaobo and Li Shun. The reason was that the Northern Song Dynasty regime ransacked Sichuan's property and allowed powerful landlords to annex land and deprive farmers. Many people were forced to separate their wives and children, and their families were destroyed. This forced The poor people had to fight back in order to survive. This uprising lasted for four years. It captured Chengdu and established a regime named "Dashu". It also minted the copper coins "Yingyun Yuanbao" and "Yingyun Tongbao", which greatly drove away the Northern Song Dynasty and established its own country. the trend of. However, due to the huge disparity in power and lack of strategic materials, the rebel army ultimately failed. After that, Zhang Yong, a man known for his "strict and fierce administration", came to Sichuan and took charge. He ordered those who participated in the uprising to go home and quit their jobs without being held accountable, and Sichuan gradually settled down.

In the late Northern Song Dynasty, the Jurchens who lived wildly near the Daxingan Mountains in the northeast gradually became stronger. They started with an army of 2,500 people and continuously defeated the Liao army. In the end, the little snake swallowed the elephant and brought the Liao Kingdom to the north. The Jin Kingdom tasted the benefits of the war to destroy the Liao Dynasty, and at the same time saw through the military weakness of the Northern Song Dynasty in the south. Using various excuses such as not abiding by the "Maritime Alliance", the Jin Dynasty divided its troops from east to west and moved southward in 1125. The West Route Army was blocked in Taiyuan, and the East Route Army He surrounded Bianliang and forced the Northern Song Dynasty court to hand over a large amount of gold, silver and jewelry before returning. But the next year, the Jin army attacked the Song Dynasty again. The two armies merged and captured Kyoto. They captured the Hui and Qin sects and established Zhang Bangchang as the emperor's "Pseudo-Chu" puppet regime. They took the two emperors and the royal family members into custody. The minister and more than 10,000 people headed north. At this point, the Northern Song Dynasty was completely destroyed. This was the "Jingkang Disaster" in the history of the Northern Song Dynasty.

However, the ninth son of Song Huizong, King Kang Zhao Gou, was not in Kyoto and became a fish that slipped through the Jin army.

in the Song Dynasty experienced 320 years. Since they were destroyed by the Jin Kingdom in the north in 1127, Emperors Huizong and Qinzong of the Song Dynasty were also captured by the Jin people and taken to the north. After that, the only fallen prince King Kang Zhao Gou (Gaozong of the Song Dynasty) who was not captured by the Jin soldiers was in Hangzhou. The name of the Song Dynasty was restored. Therefore, historians divided the Song Dynasty into Northern Song and Southern Song Dynasty. From 960 to 1127 in the Northern Song Dynasty and from 1127 to 1279 in the Southern Song Dynasty, the Zhao family ruled the world, but they were all destroyed by foreigners. The Northern Song Dynasty was destroyed by the Jin people Jurchen tribe , and the Southern Song Dynasty was destroyed by the Mongolian tribe in the grasslands.

The political power of the Northern Song Dynasty was seized from the Later Zhou of the Five Dynasties: Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin launched the "Chenqiao Mutiny" and seized the throne of Chai Zongxun, the young leader of the Northern Zhou Dynasty. Because Zhao Kuangyin once served as the governor of Guide, and Guide was the area of ​​the ancient Song Dynasty, therefore, he named his country Song, which was the Song Dynasty. After the establishment of the Song Dynasty, the ten southern kingdoms were destroyed one after another, ending the division of the world in Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms and reunifying the country. Then, the Zhao Song Group adopted the strategic decision of "emphasis on literature and suppressing military affairs", vigorously developed the imperial examination, brought a large number of literati to the political arena, and set off a nationwide reading craze, bringing the culture of the Northern Song Dynasty to an unprecedented heyday. Literary politics and Song poetry has become two major symbols of civilization in this era.

The Northern Song Dynasty began to attack Sichuan in October 964, and it took only 66 days to seize Sichuan's separatist power Houshu. The lord of Shu, Meng Chang, ended up surrendering, and his property was looted. In the Northern Song Dynasty, the gold, silver, treasures, silks and satins plundered from Shu were transported to Bianliang, Tokyo. It took several years to complete the transportation. It can be seen that Sichuan's wealth at that time was huge, and it laid a strong material foundation for the later elimination of other countries in the Northern Song Dynasty.

In the Northern Song Dynasty, "roads" were set up locally, and the country was divided into fifteen roads, which were later divided into eighteen roads, and then into twenty-three roads (directly under the central government, higher than the government, state, military, and supervisory levels). Sichuan area is divided into four roads, namely Yizhou Road, Zizhou Road , Lizhou Road, and Kuizhou Road, collectively called "Sichuan Road", so "Sichuan" got its name, and it is still used today ( before the Song Dynasty) Sichuan's names include Liangzhou, Shu Kingdom, Shu County, Yizhou, etc.).

After the Northern Song Dynasty took over Sichuan, there were two major wars in the early stage. First, the Shu soldiers, under the leadership of Quan Shixiong, armed themselves to resist the burning, killing and looting of the Song Dynasty army. They once captured 16 states in western Sichuan. It was not until the Song army on the east route won the battle of Xinfan outside Chengdu that their resistance was quelled. . The second war was a peasant uprising under the leadership of Wang Xiaobo and Li Shun. The reason was that the Northern Song Dynasty regime ransacked Sichuan's property and allowed powerful landlords to annex land and deprive farmers. Many people were forced to separate their wives and children, and their families were destroyed. This forced The poor people had to fight back in order to survive. This uprising lasted for four years. It captured Chengdu and established a regime named "Dashu". It also minted the copper coins "Yingyun Yuanbao" and "Yingyun Tongbao", which greatly drove away the Northern Song Dynasty and established its own country. the trend of. However, due to the huge disparity in power and lack of strategic materials, the rebel army ultimately failed. After that, Zhang Yong, a man known for his "strict and fierce administration", came to Sichuan and took charge. He ordered those who participated in the uprising to go home and quit their jobs without being held accountable, and Sichuan gradually settled down.

In the late Northern Song Dynasty, the Jurchens who lived wildly near the Daxingan Mountains in the northeast gradually became stronger. They started with an army of 2,500 people and continuously defeated the Liao army. In the end, the little snake swallowed the elephant and brought the Liao Kingdom to the north. The Jin Kingdom tasted the benefits of the war to destroy the Liao Dynasty, and at the same time saw through the military weakness of the Northern Song Dynasty in the south. Using various excuses such as not abiding by the "Maritime Alliance", the Jin Dynasty divided its troops from east to west and moved southward in 1125. The West Route Army was blocked in Taiyuan, and the East Route Army He surrounded Bianliang and forced the Northern Song Dynasty court to hand over a large amount of gold, silver and jewelry before returning. But the next year, the Jin army attacked the Song Dynasty again. The two armies merged and captured Kyoto. They captured the Hui and Qin sects and established Zhang Bangchang as the emperor's "Pseudo-Chu" puppet regime. They took the two emperors and the royal family members into custody. The minister and more than 10,000 people headed north. At this point, the Northern Song Dynasty was completely destroyed. This was the "Jingkang Disaster" in the history of the Northern Song Dynasty.

However, the ninth son of Song Huizong, King Kang Zhao Gou, was not in Kyoto and became a fish that slipped through the Jin army.In Xiangzhou, in the name of the general marshal of the world's soldiers and horses, he organized forces and prepared to serve the king. However, since the two emperors Wei and Qin had been captured and headed north, with the support of all the old ministers, he raised the flag of the Song Dynasty again, took the throne as emperor in Yingtian Mansion (today's Shangqiu), changed the title to "Jianyan", and the country's name was still "Jianyan". Song" refers to the Southern Song Dynasty. Zhao Gou was the founding emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty, and his temple name was Gaozong.

Zhao Gou was a peacemaker emperor who was forced by the Jin soldiers to flee all the way south. He passed through Yangzhou , Zhenjiang, Ningbo and other places, and drifted on the sea for several months before settling in Hangzhou as his capital, named "Lin'an", which made the Song Dynasty It lingered for more than a hundred years until it was destroyed and replaced by the Mongolian Yuan Dynasty.

During the Southern Song Dynasty, as the Jin soldiers pressed forward step by step, on the surface they wanted to "search the mountains and seas to capture Zhao Gou", but in fact they wanted to continue to devour the Southern Song Dynasty. In the national people's anti-gold struggle, Sichuan was not far behind. In fact, it made the greatest contribution in the following aspects:

1. Economic pillar. When Sichuan was still under Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty, it received 26.5 million yuan of silver per year, accounting for a quarter of the country's annual income, and it also had to provide part of the military supplies for the two lakes. In terms of annual grain supply, Sichuan turned over more than 1.5 million dan to the court every year, accounting for about one-third of all military grain. This greatly supported the entire Southern Song Dynasty's anti-Jin and later anti-Yuan struggles.

2. Talents. Many famous anti-gold generals emerged in Sichuan, such as Zhang Xian, Zhang Jun, and Yu Yunwen. Especially Yu Yunwen, who was born in Renshou , with the body of a weak scholar, he took up the banner of fighting against the Jin soldiers. He commanded Ruoding in Caishiji and led 18,000 remnant soldiers to defeat the defeated generals and stubbornly fought back and stopped them. The 400,000-strong army forced to cross the Yangtze River by the benefactor Wan Yanliang completely destroyed the Jin Kingdom's strategic attempt to annex the Southern Song Dynasty and came to naught. Yu Yunwen's feat of success in the first battle rewrote the history of the Song Empire and extended the Southern Song Dynasty for an additional 118 years. This was undoubtedly Sichuan's remarkable achievement. Yu Yunwen later became the prime minister of the Southern Song Dynasty and the leader of the anti-Jin war faction. Even when he returned to Sichuan to take charge as a propaganda envoy, he never gave up the action of fighting against the Jin invaders and restoring the Central Plains, until he died in the active preparations to fight against the Jin people. Take office.

Three, three Wu Kangjin. The three Wus are Wu Jie , Wu Lin , Wu Ting . The "Wu Family Army" led by them persisted in resisting the Jin Dynasty in Sichuan for more than 30 years. They fought many battles and most of them achieved major victories. They effectively prevented the Jin Kingdom from trying to engulf the Southern Song Dynasty by occupying Sichuan and then moving down the river. At the same time, it also greatly restrained the power of the Jin people and reduced the military pressure on the East and Middle Roads of the Southern Song Dynasty. Its contribution was also huge.

The regime of the Southern Song Dynasty was plagued by disasters. During the stalemate between the Jin Kingdom and the Southern Song Dynasty during war and peace, the Mongolian people on the northern grasslands grew stronger again. In 1206, Temujin unified the primitive tribes of Mongolia and established the Mongolian state. He was revered as Genghis Khan. This sturdy horseback nation was so powerful that it destroyed the western Liao and Huarizim kingdoms successively, and even conquered the Orosi Kingdom, and traveled all over the Mediterranean Sea, the Persian Gulf and other western regions. Immediately afterwards, he eliminated Xixia , and then united with the Southern Song Dynasty to bring an end to the once vicious Jin Kingdom. Next, the monster of war began to attack the Southern Song Dynasty. Originally, according to the agreement of jointly extinguishing the Jin Dynasty, the south of the Yellow River belonged to the Song Dynasty. However, the Mongols openly violated the contract and refused to give the land. They also blocked the embankment of the Yellow River and flooded the 60,000 Song soldiers sent by the Southern Song Dynasty to recover it. This was a blatant declaration of war. As a result, the war between the two countries lasted for 40 years, and finally ended with the collapse of the Southern Song Dynasty. The Yuan Dynasty established by the Mongols entered the stage of history, and the history of full foreign rule over the Chinese nation began.

However, Sichuan showed a desperate and unyielding spirit in the struggle against Mongolia. The great hero who led the Sichuan people to fight against foreign invasion was the famous Yu Jie. Before Yu Jie arrived in Sichuan, the Mongolian army had already reached Chengdu and then retreated. After that, they entered Shu many times, burning, killing, and looting. This is the characteristic of nomadic people, but it has caused serious damage to Sichuan. When Yu Jie entered Sichuan to take charge, his military and political center had to move eastward and settled in Chongqing.This official who was awarded the title of "Secretary of the Ministry of Power and War", Sichuan Envoy, and Chongqing Prefect by the imperial court has indeed fulfilled his mission. As soon as he took office, he set out to eliminate bad governance, strengthen defense, and actively recruit talents. At the suggestion of a pair of brothers surnamed Ran, Yu Jie ordered the city of Hezhou to be moved to Diaoyu Mountain, and built a strong fortress based on the dangerous terrain, named "Diaoyu City".

As a result, when the fourth generation monarch of the Yuan Dynasty Meng Ge personally led his army to attack the Song Dynasty, after reaching Diaoyu City, not only was it impossible to capture the city for a long time, but he also lost troops and generals, and almost suffered a disastrous defeat. And, what is even more dramatic is that Meng Ge was hit by a stray bullet and died of severe pain. This caused a five-year civil war between the two brothers Kublai Khan and Ali Buge to compete for the throne, which stopped the war between Mongolia and Song Dynasty and maintained relative peace for 20 years. The Mongolian cavalry galloped across Europe and Asia, but they were defeated repeatedly in front of the Sichuan army and civilians. They were exhausted and helpless for a long time. Diaoyu City, in particular, is known as "the place where God breaks his whip" (both Europe and Asia refer to the Mongolian army as "God's whip", which can conquer anything). These are Sichuan's major contributions to the stability of the Southern Song Dynasty. .

The economy of Sichuan during the Song Dynasty period was based on sericulture, tea, well salt, papermaking and printing industries as its pillars. At that time, the Mengshan tea was hailed as a treasure. The great painter Wen Tong wrote a poem: "Shu native tea is called holy, and the Mengshan flavor is unique." The sericulture and silk industry has always been Sichuan's main source of economy. By the Song Dynasty, two major hand-made brocade workshops had been set up, namely the Zizhou official damask silk workshop and the Chengdu Jinyuan workshop. The Zizhou workshop could "weave silk with a width of eight feet." "Dedicated to the Palace" shows its superb craftsmanship and grand scale. In the production of well salt, Sichuan has widely adopted advanced well-drilling technology and dug thousands of small-diameter " Zhuotong wells ". The salt production once reached a peak of 60 million kilograms. As for papermaking and woodblock printing, Sichuan is one of the three major centers in the country. Most of the world's earliest banknotes "Sichuan Jiaozi" and "Qianyin" and "huizi" banknotes used across the country were in Shu. Paper printing, " Xie Gong Jian " and other calligraphy and painting papers became even more famous and were passed down to later generations. According to historical records, three of the four major books printed in the Song Dynasty ( Wenyuan Yinghua , Kai Baobao , "Taiping Yulan", and " Volume Yuangui ") were printed in Sichuan. It can be seen that its woodblock printing has reached its peak. Due to the rapid development of all walks of life, which has promoted the prosperity of commercial trade, Sichuan has become one of the famous business centers in the country. Chengdu, the provincial capital, is said to be "the place where four peoples live and thousands of businesses form a great abyss". There are also Pengzhou known as "Little Chengdu", Anren known as "Four Collections of Merchants", etc., which constitute a huge commercial network throughout Sichuan. To this end, Sichuan also set up the "Yizhou Jiaoziwu" to issue and manage banknotes to meet the large number of transactions in the market. If the Song Dynasty was the "modern dawn" in the commercial revolution , then Sichuan should be the brightest light source in this dawn.

The science and culture of Sichuan during the Song Dynasty is the most commendable. Qin Jiushao, who was born in Anyue County, wrote the famous "Nine Chapters of Math Book", which made Sichuan occupy an important position in the country in the field of mathematics; Yang Zijian, who was born in Qingshen County, wrote Medical treatises such as "Annotations on the Difficult Classics", "Ming-protecting Prescriptions", "Theosophy" and "Ten Property Lun", especially "Ten Property Lun", have greatly made up for the shortcomings in Tang Dynasty Zan Yin's "Yanbao", making it Obstetrics and gynecology medicine has taken a big step forward; Tian Xi, who was born in Hongya County, wrote "Qu Materia Medica" and did a lot of research on various aspects of the brewing of Qujiu. It is a representative of Chinese brewing science. The earlier pioneer in China; Li Shi, who was born in , Zizhong, , wrote the "Continued Natural History", which covers everything from astronomy, geography, animals and plants, winemaking, salt cooking, etc., and the ten volumes recorded amount to 4362 Page is the most comprehensive natural history classic before the Song Dynasty; another important star in medicine during the Song Dynasty was Tang Shenwei, who was born in Chongzhou, Sichuan. His "Zhenglei Materia Medica" can be called The first complete pharmacopoeia in Chinese history has been reprinted many times and spread to Korea, Japan and other places.Later, the "Compendium of Materia Medica" written by the famous medical scientist Li Shizhen of the Ming Dynasty was also based on this book, reviewed and supplemented. It can be seen that its impact is unprecedented.

Three historians appeared in Sichuan during the Song Dynasty. One was Fan Zuyu, who was praised by Su Dongpo as "the first in officialdom". He was a native of Jingyan County. His main achievement was to assist Sima Guang in compiling " Zi Zhi". "Tongjian ", and because of his merits in compiling books, he was promoted by Song Shenzong to secretary and Zhengzi. Later Zhezong promoted him to book writer, specializing in Shangshu, and was highly praised by the government and the public. The second is Li Tao from Danling, who is known as another "Three Sus" (Li Tao's two sons are both good at poetry and prose, so the three father and son were all cultural celebrities at that time). He was a Jinshi in the eighth year of Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty and the third , in his spare time as an official, he searched hundreds of schools, and spent forty years of energy to write the book "Xuzizhi Tongjian Changbian", which compiled the 168-year history of the Northern Song Dynasty in detail from 960 to 1127. . The book has a total of 1046 volumes, and the table of contents alone has 68 volumes, which shows that its volumes are numerous and its structure is grand. The third historian was also Li Xinchuan, who was born in Jingyan County. He imitated the system of "Zizhi Tongjian" and continued Li Tao's "Changbian" to write the 36-year history of Emperor Gaozong of the Southern Song Dynasty, titled "Since Jianyan" "Xi Nian Yao Lu", as many as 200 volumes. In addition, Li Xinchuan also wrote "Miscellaneous Notes on the Government and the Wilderness Since Jianyan" as a supplement to "Records of the Years since Jianyan", which shows that he was very serious and rigorous in his scholarship.

Sichuan’s contribution to education and literature during the Song Dynasty was even more extraordinary. According to "Sichuan General Chronicles", there are as many as 4,305 people who have passed the Jinshi examination, ranking among the top in all walks of life in the country. What is even more outstanding is that Sichuan Province gave birth to Su Dongpo, the top writer at that time and even in the entire history of China. Moreover, his father Su Xun and his younger brother Su Zhe were both literary masters in the Song Dynasty, so they have the reputation of "a family of three fathers and sons, all of whom are great writers." Su Dongpo was not only outstanding in poetry, calligraphy, painting, and poetry, but also had unique creativity in the fields of medicine, health care, and food. He was recognized as a master of life. In addition, Renshou County, Sichuan also produced four important political and cultural stars in the Song Dynasty, namely Sun Guangxian, Han Ju, He Li, and Yu Yunwen. Among them were two great poets and two great prime ministers, and one prime minister once changed the history of the Song Dynasty. The historical trend allowed the Southern Song Dynasty to continue the historical process for more than a hundred years. The deeds of these four talented people who managed the world and benefited the people will be discussed later in this book.

Article source: Renshou County Archives

Graphic editor: Please follow the WeChat public account (Micro-Renshou)

This official who was awarded the title of "Secretary of the Ministry of Power and War", Sichuan Envoy, and Chongqing Prefect by the imperial court has indeed fulfilled his mission. As soon as he took office, he set out to eliminate bad governance, strengthen defense, and actively recruit talents. At the suggestion of a pair of brothers surnamed Ran, Yu Jie ordered the city of Hezhou to be moved to Diaoyu Mountain, and built a strong fortress based on the dangerous terrain, named "Diaoyu City".

As a result, when the fourth generation monarch of the Yuan Dynasty Meng Ge personally led his army to attack the Song Dynasty, after reaching Diaoyu City, not only was it impossible to capture the city for a long time, but he also lost troops and generals, and almost suffered a disastrous defeat. And, what is even more dramatic is that Meng Ge was hit by a stray bullet and died of severe pain. This caused a five-year civil war between the two brothers Kublai Khan and Ali Buge to compete for the throne, which stopped the war between Mongolia and Song Dynasty and maintained relative peace for 20 years. The Mongolian cavalry galloped across Europe and Asia, but they were defeated repeatedly in front of the Sichuan army and civilians. They were exhausted and helpless for a long time. Diaoyu City, in particular, is known as "the place where God breaks his whip" (both Europe and Asia refer to the Mongolian army as "God's whip", which can conquer anything). These are Sichuan's major contributions to the stability of the Southern Song Dynasty. .

The economy of Sichuan during the Song Dynasty period was based on sericulture, tea, well salt, papermaking and printing industries as its pillars. At that time, the Mengshan tea was hailed as a treasure. The great painter Wen Tong wrote a poem: "Shu native tea is called holy, and the Mengshan flavor is unique." The sericulture and silk industry has always been Sichuan's main source of economy. By the Song Dynasty, two major hand-made brocade workshops had been set up, namely the Zizhou official damask silk workshop and the Chengdu Jinyuan workshop. The Zizhou workshop could "weave silk with a width of eight feet." "Dedicated to the Palace" shows its superb craftsmanship and grand scale. In the production of well salt, Sichuan has widely adopted advanced well-drilling technology and dug thousands of small-diameter " Zhuotong wells ". The salt production once reached a peak of 60 million kilograms. As for papermaking and woodblock printing, Sichuan is one of the three major centers in the country. Most of the world's earliest banknotes "Sichuan Jiaozi" and "Qianyin" and "huizi" banknotes used across the country were in Shu. Paper printing, " Xie Gong Jian " and other calligraphy and painting papers became even more famous and were passed down to later generations. According to historical records, three of the four major books printed in the Song Dynasty ( Wenyuan Yinghua , Kai Baobao , "Taiping Yulan", and " Volume Yuangui ") were printed in Sichuan. It can be seen that its woodblock printing has reached its peak. Due to the rapid development of all walks of life, which has promoted the prosperity of commercial trade, Sichuan has become one of the famous business centers in the country. Chengdu, the provincial capital, is said to be "the place where four peoples live and thousands of businesses form a great abyss". There are also Pengzhou known as "Little Chengdu", Anren known as "Four Collections of Merchants", etc., which constitute a huge commercial network throughout Sichuan. To this end, Sichuan also set up the "Yizhou Jiaoziwu" to issue and manage banknotes to meet the large number of transactions in the market. If the Song Dynasty was the "modern dawn" in the commercial revolution , then Sichuan should be the brightest light source in this dawn.

The science and culture of Sichuan during the Song Dynasty is the most commendable. Qin Jiushao, who was born in Anyue County, wrote the famous "Nine Chapters of Math Book", which made Sichuan occupy an important position in the country in the field of mathematics; Yang Zijian, who was born in Qingshen County, wrote Medical treatises such as "Annotations on the Difficult Classics", "Ming-protecting Prescriptions", "Theosophy" and "Ten Property Lun", especially "Ten Property Lun", have greatly made up for the shortcomings in Tang Dynasty Zan Yin's "Yanbao", making it Obstetrics and gynecology medicine has taken a big step forward; Tian Xi, who was born in Hongya County, wrote "Qu Materia Medica" and did a lot of research on various aspects of the brewing of Qujiu. It is a representative of Chinese brewing science. The earlier pioneer in China; Li Shi, who was born in , Zizhong, , wrote the "Continued Natural History", which covers everything from astronomy, geography, animals and plants, winemaking, salt cooking, etc., and the ten volumes recorded amount to 4362 Page is the most comprehensive natural history classic before the Song Dynasty; another important star in medicine during the Song Dynasty was Tang Shenwei, who was born in Chongzhou, Sichuan. His "Zhenglei Materia Medica" can be called The first complete pharmacopoeia in Chinese history has been reprinted many times and spread to Korea, Japan and other places.Later, the "Compendium of Materia Medica" written by the famous medical scientist Li Shizhen of the Ming Dynasty was also based on this book, reviewed and supplemented. It can be seen that its impact is unprecedented.

Three historians appeared in Sichuan during the Song Dynasty. One was Fan Zuyu, who was praised by Su Dongpo as "the first in officialdom". He was a native of Jingyan County. His main achievement was to assist Sima Guang in compiling " Zi Zhi". "Tongjian ", and because of his merits in compiling books, he was promoted by Song Shenzong to secretary and Zhengzi. Later Zhezong promoted him to book writer, specializing in Shangshu, and was highly praised by the government and the public. The second is Li Tao from Danling, who is known as another "Three Sus" (Li Tao's two sons are both good at poetry and prose, so the three father and son were all cultural celebrities at that time). He was a Jinshi in the eighth year of Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty and the third , in his spare time as an official, he searched hundreds of schools, and spent forty years of energy to write the book "Xuzizhi Tongjian Changbian", which compiled the 168-year history of the Northern Song Dynasty in detail from 960 to 1127. . The book has a total of 1046 volumes, and the table of contents alone has 68 volumes, which shows that its volumes are numerous and its structure is grand. The third historian was also Li Xinchuan, who was born in Jingyan County. He imitated the system of "Zizhi Tongjian" and continued Li Tao's "Changbian" to write the 36-year history of Emperor Gaozong of the Southern Song Dynasty, titled "Since Jianyan" "Xi Nian Yao Lu", as many as 200 volumes. In addition, Li Xinchuan also wrote "Miscellaneous Notes on the Government and the Wilderness Since Jianyan" as a supplement to "Records of the Years since Jianyan", which shows that he was very serious and rigorous in his scholarship.

Sichuan’s contribution to education and literature during the Song Dynasty was even more extraordinary. According to "Sichuan General Chronicles", there are as many as 4,305 people who have passed the Jinshi examination, ranking among the top in all walks of life in the country. What is even more outstanding is that Sichuan Province gave birth to Su Dongpo, the top writer at that time and even in the entire history of China. Moreover, his father Su Xun and his younger brother Su Zhe were both literary masters in the Song Dynasty, so they have the reputation of "a family of three fathers and sons, all of whom are great writers." Su Dongpo was not only outstanding in poetry, calligraphy, painting, and poetry, but also had unique creativity in the fields of medicine, health care, and food. He was recognized as a master of life. In addition, Renshou County, Sichuan also produced four important political and cultural stars in the Song Dynasty, namely Sun Guangxian, Han Ju, He Li, and Yu Yunwen. Among them were two great poets and two great prime ministers, and one prime minister once changed the history of the Song Dynasty. The historical trend allowed the Southern Song Dynasty to continue the historical process for more than a hundred years. The deeds of these four talented people who managed the world and benefited the people will be discussed later in this book.

Article source: Renshou County Archives

Graphic editor: Please follow the WeChat public account (Micro-Renshou)