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Speaking of the Qing army, the first thing that comes to our minds is the Eight Banners soldiers and the Green Camp soldiers. After the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement, the only soldiers the Qing government could fight were the Hunan Army and the Huai Army. The Eight Banners soldiers who used to tremble outside the pass and trod across Kyushu with iron feet have long been decayed. The Eight Banners’ brothers are arrogant and lustful and greedy for pleasure, and have lost their ancestors’ reputation.
▲The image of the Qing army in film and television dramas
There are often such pictures in film and television dramas: Qing soldiers carrying large swords and spears, shooting arrows with bows, and fighting against powers equipped with foreign guns and cannons, armed to the teeth, presenting a horrible shock The sense of sight of the tree. Is this really the case? actually not.
▲Bows and arrows withdrew from the battlefield
As early as the Westernization Movement, people of insight in the Qing court, such as Prince Gong Yixin and Li Hongzhang, deeply felt that foreign ships were so powerful that we had nothing in China. So caught up with it and introduced advanced equipment and weapons from the West to . And the Anqing Inner Ordnance Institute was established to manufacture bullets, gunpowder, guns, and steam ships. It even copied the world-famous Maxim machine gun. It can be said that since then, the weapons and equipment of the Qing army have been replaced by all guns, broadswords, spears, bows and other cold weapons era weapons have completely withdrawn from the stage of history.
▲A group photo of officers and soldiers on the Qing Dynasty warship
In 1895, the Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese War of Sino-Japanese War broke out. China's disastrous defeat made the Qing court realize its own shortcomings and decided to expand the new army. The Minister of Military Aircraft, Shang Shu Ronglu of the Ministry of War, elected Yuan Shikai as the new army coach. trained the Beiyang Army in six towns at Tianjin Station and became the main force of the Qing Army in the late Qing Dynasty.
▲The well-equipped late Qing Army
Yuan Shikai hired more than ten German instructors, based on the German military system, and formulated a set of rules and regulations for the modern army. The old army system of the Qing Dynasty was completely abandoned. trained soldiers in Western France and introduced the most advanced weapons and equipment. More than 7,000 people have become the precedent for the modern Chinese army.
▲The late Qing Dynasty cavalry
The Beiyang New Army set up infantry, cavalry, artillery, engineering, and heavy-duty troops and other major army units, following the West, with army, division (town), brigade (association), regiment (standard), battalion, company (Teams), platoons, and shifts (sheds) are organized, and military hospitals and professional teams that use modern communication methods to telegraph have been established. And set up staff camp affairs office, law enforcement camp affairs office, supervision camp affairs office and other staff agencies, as well as military law enforcement agencies and training supervision agencies to improve the efficiency of military command and management. In the new army, the old feudal etiquette such as kneeling and worship was abolished, and a regular military band was formed to regulate the daily behavior of officers and soldiers with civilized military etiquette.
▲The Qing army
equipped with machine guns took the first step in the military system reform in the late Qing Dynasty, narrowing the gap between the Chinese army and the foreign army, accelerating the pace of the Qing army’s modernization, and the Qing army’s face has taken on a new look. After the new army was formed, the Qing government decided to follow the example of the six towns in Beiyang and organize new troops in 36 towns across the country, but it did not do so. By 1911, a total of 14 towns, 18 mixed associations, 4 targets, and 1 Janitor had been organized nationwide.
▲The Beiyang Army Artillery Battalion
in combat became Yuan Shikai’s political weight and helped him reach the pinnacle of power. However, after Yuan Shikai's death, the Beiyang Army was torn apart, and the leaders of each faction were incompatible with each other. They segregated one side and attacked each other, which caused the domestic chaos in the early Republic of China. Until the Northeast changed its flag in 1928, the last Beiyang army, the "Fengjun", was completely integrated into the National Revolutionary Army, and this late Qing army disappeared from the historical stage.
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