"Experiencing the former sage country and family, success depends on diligence and thrift, defeat by luxury" .
This poem by Li Shangyin is applicable to all dynasties and every family. Unfortunately, not everyone can learn a lesson from it, including Emperor Qianlong.
In fact, the so-called "Heyday of Kangxi and Qianlong" was the beginning of the Qing Dynasty's prosperity and decline.
Lizhengmen of the Summer Resort
1. Danbo Jingcheng Hall is a bit uneasy
The visit to the Summer Resort Museum starts from the Lizhengmen.
Chengde Mountain Resort, also known as Chengde Ligong or Rehe Palace, is a place where the Qing emperor of the Qing Dynasty took refuge in summer and handled government affairs. It is also a palace built in Chengde by the Qing Dynasty. Therefore, the total from Lizhengmen to Xiuyunmen There are nine floors, including five gates and a four-story courtyard. "The emperor is in the ninefold", reflecting the majesty and solemnity of the imperial power.
The door with the sign "Museum of Summer Resort" is the Meridian Gate, also called the Outer Meridian Gate. The "Inner Chamber" on the east and west sides is already an exhibition hall. In the past, it was a place for civil and military officials to rest and chat.
After the Outer Meridian Gate is the Inner Meridian Gate, also called Yue Shoten, there is a gate with the four characters "Mountain Resort" hanging on it. Reading and shooting, as the name suggests, is the place to look at archery.
The core of the summer resort building is the main hall of the main palace-Danbo Jingcheng Hall, which is equivalent to the Palace of Supreme Harmony in Beijing.
The gray tile brick wall of the Summer Resort, the beams and columns are close to the original color, simple and elegant. This is the emperor Kangxi’s pursuit of returning to the basics and the wild fun of the mountains and villages. " The fee of no-carved jelly tree and jade tree, Xilinquan embraces the bosom of vegetarianism. Chinese birds play in the green water without avoiding, and the elk are in flocks against the setting sun. The kite flies and fishes, from nature The high and low; the far color and purple atmosphere, the open and beautiful view, "
It is a tradition of frugality and housekeeping, but the Tanbo Jingcheng Hall that I see now is indeed very expensive.
The wood used in other buildings in the Li Palace is mostly from Chengde. Only this Nanmu Temple of Pangpo Jingcheng has an extraordinary life experience.
Originally, when Emperor Kangxi built the Summer Resort, the Danbo Jingcheng Hall was the same as other buildings, using local wood, because "it is not indifferent to express aspirations, nor is tranquil to be far away", but it was in the 19th year of Qianlong. At the time, it was rebuilt by Emperor Qianlong, and became the current Nanmu Temple, the Danbo Jingcheng Temple, so it was a little uneasy.
In the twenty-first year of Kangxi, in order to build the Palace of Supreme Harmony in the Forbidden City, "Sentence Department Physician Hongnika to Jiangnan and Jiangxi, Official Department Physician Kun Dulun to Zhejiang, In Fujian, Gong Ai went to Guangdong and Guangxi from the Ministry of Labor, the Tuna of the Ministry of Industry went to Huguang, and the middle of the Hubu went to Sichuan to purchase Nanmu " (Records of the ancestor of the Qing Dynasty). Harvesting nanmu is extremely hard. The people of Shu said: "One thousand in the mountains, five hundred out of the mountains". These phoebe trees floated out of the mountain when the flash flood broke out, rafted into the Yangtze River, and transferred to Beijing by the canal. In the thirty-sixth year of Kangxi, the Hall of Supreme Harmony was completed, and the remaining nanmu was transported to the outside of the Great Wall via the Luanhe River in the early years of Qianlong.
Danbo Jingcheng Temple spent 184481 man-hours, which is equivalent to more than 500 people working for a year.
consumes seventy-one thousand five hundred twenty-five two and seven cents in silver, and more than ten thousand taels is used for freight only.
2. In the Mountain Resort, there is a shadow beside Emperor Qianlong——He Shen.
Heshen has many mansions in Beijing. In Chengde, it is not the same place. Some of them live by himself and some by his subordinates. Legend has it that there is a place behind the Qing Dynasty Mansion on the Willow Street in Chengde, at Xiaonanmen. The former Qi Daoyin Hutong has Heshen Mansion. According to the old man from Chengde, there is also a Heshen Mansion in Huayuan Hutong on Nanxinglong Street. There is a place called "Shanzishi". There is a square pavilion with four corners and a luxurious building. There are still many earth pits in the courtyard, which were left by the investigation of Heshen House and the excavation of the dark cellar.
Every time Qianlong comes to the Mountain Resort, He Shen will accompany himCompanion.
Above the eaves of the Danbo Jingcheng Hall, there are three plaques that were written by Emperor Qianlong after he became the Supreme Emperor.
Among them, the plaque on the west side was inscribed in the second year of Jiaqing (1797), when Emperor Qianlong was in the second year of Emperor Taishang, when he was 87 years old.
It is a good way to travel at night when it rains, and Guangrenling is a good place for everyone.
The villa escapes the summer heat and joins the emperor.
Zhan is Tanyin Zhirenle, and every time he expresses his political behavior.
After years of thinking about autumn, we must not neglect the family law.
to the Summer Mountain Resort (Ding Si Xiayue Shanghuanyu pen)”
His general consciousness is that I did not go to the mountain villa for leisure and pleasure, but to deal with government affairs. I respect my ancestors. Regulations, every year to come to Mulan Qiuyi to train soldiers, all to make the royal children not forget the fundamentals.
In fact, these three poems also express the strong love of Emperor Qianlong. In my mood, even though he retired to the second line and became the Supreme Emperor, the old man Shiquan was really reluctant to delegate power and he took care of everything.
More anxious than the old emperor was He Shen at this time.
Gao Yang wrote " "The Emperor of the Qing Dynasty": Song Xiaozong is the nephew of Song Gaozong, and after Song Taizong, the grievances between the ancestors' bones and flesh are more likely to cause misunderstanding. Gaozong is familiar with "Tongjian" and knows that the name "Taishang Emperor" sounds good. The feeling of being "the Supreme Emperor" is not good. In particular, He Shen is more self-hazardous, and he must help Gaozong continue to control the power.
When Emperor Qianlong met with the North Korean special envoy Li Bingmo, he let Heshen declare: Although I am in power, I will do the big things. You return to China and ask the king for safety. The road is far away, so you don’t need to send someone to thank you...
Qingren’s notes in the notes of Dong Hao Anecdotes:
嘉庆初Yuan, Shen, the power is growing, the outside is the chief official and the leader of the frontier, the inside is the leader of the wealth management, the decision of the prison and the litigator advises the large and small ministers who hold the literary handle, and it will be prosperous and show off. The frustration followed. Tai Fu Zhu Wenzheng received the knowledge of the two dynasties by virtue of literature, Yanglili Chinese and foreign, for fifty years, with Zen rituals within the time, and the case was entered into the book, 珅多方侦之，個上, Shen criticized it again. The pure emperor said to the sun: "The position of a master, Chen Shanna, the system is appropriate, and it is not well known by Boss. ”
Xuan Zhaogong co-sponsored the academician with the official book Shangshu, Renzong wrote a poem to send congratulations, the manuscript has not yet been contested, and the manuscript is not contested, and he will take it to the emperor's day: "The emperor wants the city to be favored by the master!"上皇色动， Gu Dongwen Gonggong Day: "You have been in the Military Mechanization Department for a long time, is it Yu Lu Yiyun?" The first day of the public knock: "The Holy Lord has no fault. "The emperor stayed silent for a long time:" Minister Qing is also good for me and counsels the heir emperor with etiquette. "It’s the decree that Zhu Jian will remain the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, and he will be changed to the governor of Anhui. is the Shizhi Inner Court, all without color change can fear , Wen Gongdu thanked him calmly, and retired from the decree. See "Liu" on the right. Collection of Libu".
Emperor Jiaqing wanted to activate his teacher, but Heshen refused! He went to Qianlong to file a complaint, and Qianlong listened to Heshen, and the idea of Emperor Jiaqing could not be realized.
Aren’t you and Shen doing death?
When Qianlong died, Jiaqing killed Heshen, and the fire in my heart didn’t hold back for a day and a half.
3. In fact, the air was leaking on all sides in the late Kangxi and Qianlong period.
What I can see most clearly is the British special envoy Magerney and his party received by Emperor Qianlong at the Mountain Resort. The British envoy is in Chengde. The Mountain Resort witnessed the luxury of Emperor Qianlong. After returning, he made the following evaluation of the Chinese Empire:
"The Chinese Empire is just a dilapidated old ship, but fortunately a few cautious captains made it. It has not sunk in the past 150 years. Its huge body makes its neighborsI was afraid of seeing the country. If an incompetent person comes to take the helm, the discipline and safety of the ship will be over.” The ship “will not sink immediately. It will drift around like a wreck and then crash into pieces on the coast", but "it will never be repaired".
In fact, Kangqian Shengshi has indeed become an empty shell.
Qianlong Emperor finished the reconstruction of the Danbo Jingcheng Hall, he was no longer indifferent. He was extravagant, Daxing Shimu, only six in the south of the Yangtze River, the total cost of various famous projects amounted to more than 20 million taels of silver, almost accounting for 31 Qianlong In 1766, half of the annual fiscal revenue was 2/3 of the national silver inventory in the first year of Qianlong (1736).
The upward and downward effects, the leader likes to eat and drink, the subordinates are all Wine bag and rice bag, this is the Chinese tradition.
Qianlong’s luxury greatly contributed to the extravagance and corruption of the entire bureaucracy. Officials at all levels met each other, competed in everything, flattered and fought for favor, cleared the prefect in three years, and 100,000 snowflakes Silver. On the one hand, it has cultivated corrupt officials, large and small, on the other hand, it has made the people more extravagant and the wealth has dried up.
The emperor used money to find He Shen, and He Shen then searched for his inferiors. He first took care of himself. Keep it, pick the rest and send it to the emperor.
When the North Korean envoy returned to the country, he reported to the king:
Lao Heshen was prosperous, and the goods were bribed by the public. All the princes thought that if Heshen’s materials and goods were all available, the emperor would not be too expensive.
It takes money to be promoted, and each position is clearly marked with a price. This is also one of Heshen’s methods of collecting wealth. If you buy it this way, the unlucky people will eventually be ordinary people.
Qianlong Emperor’s military expenses, civil engineering and sightseeing expenses are claimed for Heshen, Heshensu for the governor, and the governor for the state, county and state. The county cable is to the people of Li.
Under the shelter and connivance of Heshen, corruption accumulates in the wild, and there is a trend of corruption and malpractice. There are almost no officials, no officials, no officials, no violence, so that there are endless corruption cases in the late Qianlong period, and they are repeatedly prohibited. , The more forbidden, the more greedy, the more greedy, the greater the greed.
Fourth, this is how it can’t be covered.
killed a He Shen, really The problem was not solved because Heshen changed the political ecology of the Qing Empire, and the "broken ship" of the Qing Empire has been swaying in the wind and rain.
Tofu, tofu! All the tofu projects have officials in it. Profit, leading to cutting corners.
The first manifestation in the late Qianlong period is water conservancy projects. Water conservancy projects have the largest water content, because the size of the annual floods is determined by God, and some water conservancy projects were washed away by a flood and spent No one can tell how much money is, so many officials in the Qing Dynasty started with water conservancy projects. 04a 7d#
As early as the eleventh year of Qianlong, in Dashui, Jiaodong, some people began to sell children and women. This was the heyday of Kangxi and Qianlong. In the sixth year of Jiaqing, heavy rains continued in the capital, the Yongding River rose, and all the villages and houses of the villages in the counties of Zhili were flooded.
The emperor ordered disaster relief, but officials at all levels embezzled the relief funds, and the victims said it was less than three or four tenths. This was the cost of relief. In the eighteenth year of Jiaqing, another drought occurred in Gyeonggi and Zhili. Ingeniously set up a name for blackmail.
Natural disasters cause man-made disasters, man-made disasters lead to natural disasters. For a time, the land is thousands of miles away, and people are everywhere. Various uprisings continue one after another, internal and external troubles.
At this time, Britain began the industrial revolution and quickly influenced the world. In 1860, Emperor Xianfeng signed the China-UK, China-France, and China-Russia "Beijing Treaty" in the Yanbozhishuang Hall of the Mountain Resort. So that our country lost a large area of territory and sovereignty.
is the most terrifying sentence:
After Jiaqing, Daoguang came to the throne, and no one in the country took office, they all stayed.
Zeng Guofan said: No one in Jiuqing Chen Chen's gains and losses, Si Tao did not say anything about the advantages and disadvantages of the place, and he was silent!
finished!
