Mr. Sun Yat-sen and Ms. Soong Ching Ling are revolutionary companions who have made great contributions to China's revolutionary cause.
However, before Soong Ching Ling, Mr. Sun Yat-sen also had a first wife named Lu Muzhen. This wife lived with Sun Yat-sen for 30 years. She has the diligence, integrity, kindness, love and righteousness of Chinese women. Excellent virtue, is a great woman who is unswervingly loyal to her husband and silently dedicated.
1. After Sun Yat-sen and Lu Muzhen got married, they met less and separated more. eldest daughter.
Lu Yaoxian is a business friend with Sun Yat-sen's brother Sun Mei in Honolulu.
Under the influence of his father, although he was born in the old society of China, he accepted the feudal etiquette and bound feet. Lu Muzhen is enthusiastic, diligent, kind-hearted, and a good girl.
In 1878, Sun Yat-sen was studying in Honolulu. Five years later, in July 1883,Sun Yat-sen returned to his hometown - Cuiheng Village, Xiangshan County.
In the autumn of that year, Sun Yat-sen was very angry when he saw the local people pinning their resistance against the decadent Qing Dynasty on the idols. Finally he and Lu Haodong smashed the statue of the village temple.
This incident angered the local people, and they threatened to arrest them in office. Someone told Sun Yat-sen's brother Sun Mei about this incident.
After Sun Mei heard this, she also felt that her younger brother had gone too far, so she sent a letter to Sun Yat-sen saying that she had something to discuss with him.
In October 1884, Sun Yat-sen went to Honolulu again. After the meeting, Sun's eyebrows got angry and reprimanded Sun Yat-sen. If you can’t believe in foreign religion yourself, you will oppose the freedom of belief of others.”
Sun Mei kept Sun Yat-sen in Honolulu for a few months, to calm the anger of the villagers; relatives.
In May 1885, 19-year-old Sun Yat-sen and 18-year-old Lu Muzhen got married in Cuiheng Village by arrangement of their parents.
Lu Muzhen
The two are a perfect match.Sun and Lu were separated by several miles, and Sun Mei and Lu Muzhen's father also had friendship.
In the old days, marriages were arranged by parents. Before marriage, we didn’t meet each other. We only saw the first time when we entered the bridal chamber and opened the hijab. At this time, whether we wanted to or not, we could only marry chickens, chickens and dogs. dog.
When Lu Muzhen saw Sun Yat-sen's tall and majestic body, she was very satisfied; Sun Yat-sen did not object to the orders of his parents.
In this way, after three months of marriage, Sun Yat-sen went to Hong Kong Central Academy to study.
Occasionally go home on vacation, stay for a few days, and have no more emotional exchanges. After a long time, Sun Yat-sen saw that Lu Muzhen was diligent, virtuous, filial to her in-laws and her daughter-in-law was doing very well and respected her very much.
For example, Sun Yat-sen's father was old and sickly, and his daughter-in-law Lu Muzhen worked tirelessly, serving tea and meals every day, and serving soup and medicine.
After a few years of marriage, the clothes, shoes and socks worn by my parents-in-law were all made by Lu Muzhen. Although Sun Yat-sen didn't go home often, every time he came home, Lu Muzhen always prepared a new set of clothes and shoes for him. .
Grandmother Yang Keqing
Once, Sun Yat-sen brought a Christian foreign pastor to talk at home. His parents were a little disgusted when they saw that he was a foreigner and talked about freedom and equality.
Lu Muzhen considered that the foreign pastor was a guest invited by her husband. If she did not take good care of her and refuted her husband's bad face, she persuaded her in-laws not to be hard on the guests and warmly entertain the pastor.
Pastor Lu Muzhen was full of praise, and even after he left, he praised Sun Yat-sen for marrying a virtuous wife.
A woman with bound feet in the old times not only considers her husband, but also shares her worries, which is really commendable.
Sun Ke
On October 20, 1891, after Lu Muzhen and Sun Yat-sen were married for seven years, their son Sun Ke was born in Cuiheng Village.
In July 1892, Sun Yat-sen graduated from the Hong Kong College of Western Medicine with the first place in the school.
In the same year, Sun Yat-sen redesigned and constructed the former residence, and practiced medical treatment in Macau, Guangzhou and other places, and lived at home. In 1894, the eldest daughter Sun Yin was born in Cuiheng Village.
In the course of practicing medicine, Sun Yat-sen met a group of patriots who opposed the corrupt and incompetent Qing government. They had a common goal of overthrowing the old society, establishing a new society and reviving the Chinese nation.
Lu Muzhen
During this time in Cuiheng Village, Sun Yat-sen spent most of his time trying to save the country, and Lu Muzhen took care of his family.
Lu Muzhen never complained, and even more carefully took care of Sun Yat-sen in life, and gave gentle and caring care in her relationship.
In October 1894, Sun Yat-sen founded the Renaissance China Association in Honolulu, and publicly opposed the Qing government and held high the banner of revolution.
On October 26, 1895, Sun Yat-sen and Lu Haodong convened revolutionary fighters in Guangdong, and led the launch of the first armed uprising in Guangzhou.
The Guangzhou uprising failed. Sun Yat-sen and others became wanted criminals by the Qing government. Sun Yat-sen fled to Japan.
With the help of Xingzhong Club member Lu Can, Lu Muzhen took his 5-year-old eldest son Sun Ke and his eldest daughter Sun Yi, and fled to Honolulu Sun along with his mother-in-law Yang and sister-in-law Tan. eyebrows.
In December 1895, Sun Yat-sen traveled from Yokohama, Japan to Honolulu, and immediately went to Maui to reunite with Lu Muzhen and his children.
In June 1896, Sun Yat-sen had to leave Honolulu due to revolutionary work. He bid farewell to his family and went to Europe to carry out revolutionary propaganda.
On November 12, 1896, the second daughter of Sun Yat-sen and Lu Muzhen, Sun Wan was born, and was born on the same month and the same day as Sun Yat-sen. At this time, Sun Yat-sen was in the London prison, because of the application of the Qing court envoy to the UK Imprisoned him and was released on parole by .
Sun Wan
Sun Yat-sen was very happy to hear the news, but,For the country and the people, he can't accompany his wife and daughter, and can only send his father's distant blessings in the distant UK.
Until 1906, Lu Muzhen spent time in Honolulu. During this period, Sun Yat-sen also came back, but the revolutionary cause did not allow him to enjoy this ordinary person's family happiness.
During the 12 years in Honolulu, Lu Muzhen and Sun Yat-sen met for less than half a year, always coming and leaving in a hurry.
Lu Muzhen raises three children by herself, without any complaints, nor does she know how much influence her husband's work abroad has had on China, she only knows that her husband is not a mediocre person, he is doing big things This is enough.
Sun Mei
In 1906, Sun Mei, who had been running a farm for decades, declared bankruptcy. In order to support his brother Sun Yat-sen's revolutionary cause, he sold the last cattle together with the calves.
In 1907, in addition to leaving Sun Yat-sen's eldest son, Sun Ke, to continue his studies, Sun Mei moved to Hong Kong with his family and Lu Muzhen's two daughters to rent a house.
Since I joined Sun Yat-sen, I haven't lived a stable life for a few days. Either I escaped from the Qing government's arrest, or because of life's compulsion, I can only keep wandering. Thinking of this, Lu Muzhen burst into tears unknowingly. .
No matter how sad you are, you have to persevere, because only then will there be a day for family reunion.
Sun Yat-sen
2. Sun Yat-sen's revolution succeeded,Lu Muzhen returned to her hometown to live in peace
After arriving in Hong Kong, the conditions were extremely difficult, and she often lacked food and drink. In July 1910, Sun Yat-sen's mother Yang died. At this time, Lu Muzhen heard that Sun Yat-sen was in Penang, and he led his two daughters to look for it.
After the family reunion at Nanyang , Sun Yat-sen saw his wife and children thinking of his mother who had just passed away, and he felt sad and burst into tears. But his wife, Lu Muzhen, did not complain too much about the poor life in Hong Kong, but kept encouraging her husband to persevere in completing his revolutionary cause, believing that he would succeed in the revolution, even though she did not know what a revolution was.
On December 6, 1910, the Nanyang colonial authorities ordered Sun Yat-sen to leave the country on the grounds of "obstructing local security" .
Movie photos
After a brief reunion, facing separation again, Sun Yat-sen continued to go to Europe and the United States to raise funds for the revolution, while Lu Muzhen's mother and daughter continued to live in Penang, provided by the Nanyang Overseas Chinese Revolutionary Party Living expenses, life is still very tight.
On October 10, 1911, Xinhai Revolution broke out and achieved success. Sun Yat-sen, who was raising funds in the United States, was very happy after getting the news from the newspaper, and he was ready to return to China to form a new government.
When returning to China via Penang, Nanyang, he reunited with his wife Lu Muzhen and two daughters. After a short stay, he hurriedly left for Shanghai.
December 29th of the same year,Sun Yat-sen was elected as the interim president.
On January 1, 1912, Sun Yat-sen went to Nanjing to be the first president of the Provisional Government of the Republic of China.
On February 20, 1912, Lu Muzhen brought Sun Ke, Sun Ji, and Sun Wan to Nanjing to meet with Sun Yat-sen.
They lived in Nanjing for a month, during which Lu Muzhen took care of Sun Yat-sen's daily life.
She is reluctant to make public appearances. Facing the Chinese and foreign guests who often visit, and the political activities that she is often invited to participate in, even if Sun Yat-sen is with her, Lu Muzhen is very uncomfortable.
Sun Yat-sen not only did not dislike Lu Muzhen, but also cared about her from time to time. But Lu Muzhen still yearns for the plain, uncontested life in her hometown.
Lu Muzhen participated in political activities
On March 25, 1912, she left her three children in Nanjing and returned to her hometown, Cuiheng Village, Xiangshan County, Guangdong Province by herself.
On April 1, 1912, Sun Yat-sen resigned as the interim president. In May of the same year, he returned to his hometown with his two daughters and reunited with his family and wife.
After staying in his hometown for a few days, he took his wife Lu Muzhen and two daughters to investigate all over the country.
Because Yuan Shikai invited to discuss the railway construction plan,On August 18 of the same year, the whole family went north and visited the scenery along the way. This was the most rare time for Lu Muzhen.
3. Sun Yat-sen's second revolution, Lu Muzhen agreed to divorce
On the evening of March 20, 1913, the "Song Jiaoren Massacre" occurred, and Sun Yat-sen launched an anti-Yuan struggle.
In July 1913, due to the failure of the "Second Revolution" against Yuan Shikai, he had to go into exile in Japan again.
After the failure of the "Second Revolution", she went into exile in Japan
and Lu Muzhen had to come to Macau to go to Sun Mei. At this time, Sun Ke and Sun Ji were already studying in the United States, with only her youngest daughter Sun Wan by her side.
However, something unfortunate happened to Lu Muzhen. In 1913, Sun Ji, who was only 20 years old, died of kidney disease.
Lu Muzhen was hit by a huge blow, very sad, and washed her face in tears all day. In order to relieve the sadness in her heart, she believed in Christianity under the persuasion of her family.
When Sun Yat-sen became the president, Lu Muzhen felt that she had no culture, was not good-looking, and did not like to show herself, so she could not share her husband's worries.
often mentioned that Sun Yat-sen should have another one to help him. The old society had the custom of taking concubines, but Sun Yat-sen refused every time.
After Sun Yat-sen met Soong Ching Ling, Soong Ching Ling, as Sun Yat-sen's secretary, had been working tirelessly to accompany him, supported him in every possible way, and was like-minded in the revolutionary cause.
In the end, the two broke through the secular concept and came together. However, if Sun Yat-sen wants to marry Soong Ching Ling, he must first divorce Lu Muzhen. Because Sun Yat-sen and Soong Ching Ling are both Christians, Christianity requires to be monogamous .
Soong Ching Ling and Sun Yat-sen
When he told Lu Muzhen about this, he did not expect Lu Muzhen to agree. On September 1, 1915, Lu Muzhen went to Japan and signed the divorce agreement in front of the revolutionary Hu Hanmin, Zhu Zhixin and others at Sun Yat-sen's residence.
and said, "Mr. Sun has been running around for the revolutionary cause, and he has been extremely hard, but he cannot accompany him to help him share his worries. Now that he has a confidant and a beautiful woman, he can take care of him and help him complete the revolution. After the divorce, Lu Muzhen still lives in Macau, and there is no difference between her and Sun Yat-sen. Sun Yat-sen often sends Lu Muzhen some living expenses, ask Family situation, physical condition.
Lu Muzhen also sent a letter to Sun Yat-sen to ask for advice. Sun Yat-sen would always return. and the two are also called husbands and wives,no change. Often referred to as "Kemu Jian" and "Mrs. Lu's Jian"; self-proclaimed "Kefu" and "Deming" (it was Sun Yat-sen's family name after his marriage, the name between husband and wife).
In 1917, during the Dharma Protection Movement , Sun Yat-sen was accompanied by the commander-in-chief of the Guangdong Army, Xu Chongzhi, to visit Lu Muzhen in Macau. For her, she moved to live after the " Sun Mansion " (Sun Mei Memorial Hall) built by Sun Mei was completed.
Lu Muzhen and Soong Ching Ling respect each other and love each other, they are called sisters. Sun Yat-sen also took Soong Ching Ling to visit Lu Muzhen. In 1924, they were in Guangzhou and took a group photo together.
Lu Muzhen also has deep affection for Sun Yat-sen and silently supports his cause. In early 1924, Sun Yat-sen founded the Huangpu Military Academy in Guangzhou . Lu Muzhen also sent her adopted daughter's husband, and later mobilized more than 10 young people in the village to apply for the Huangpu Military Academy.
In 1925, Sun Yat-sen died in Beijing. After hearing the news in Macau, Lu Muzhen was deeply saddened. Great personality" .
After Sun Yat-sen's death, Lu Muzhen has been living in Macau, and according to Sun Yat-sen's last wish, he has always been concerned about the fate of the motherland.
often donated money to build schools in his hometown; After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War donated money and materials to fight against Japan; also used his residence in Macau as a contact point for the communists to develop a united front, giving all aspects of support and assistance.
Lu Muzhen
On September 7, 1952, Lu Muzhen died of illness in Macau at the age of 86.
References:
"Overseas Chinese Garden": Sun Yat-sen's first wife - Lu Muzhen
"Wuhan Literature and History Materials": The old love of Lu Muzhen
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