In 1951, on the eve of the CPPCC meeting, many representatives gathered together. There are excited smiles on their faces. Because not long after, Chairman Mao and other party and state leaders will receive them.
Among them, some have seen Chairman Mao for the first time; some have seen Chairman Mao more than once, such as a representative named Tian Guiying .
In that era, Tian Guiying's name was almost a household name. And she herself, even more than a year ago, was received by Chairman Mao.
But even so, she was still very excited and nervous. After a while, Chairman Mao walked in. After seeing Tian Guiying, Chairman Mao immediately remembered her and talked with her cordially.
However, when Chairman Mao and Tian Guiying shook hands, the situation changed a little. After shook Chairman Mao's generous hands, Tian Guiying used a little effort deliberately.
Chairman Mao couldn't help being amused by the little girl's careful thoughts. He wittily said to Tian Guiying: "Your temper is not small yet!"
What story happened between Chairman Mao and Tian Guiying? Why did Tian Guiying deliberately push hard when shaking hands with Chairman Mao?
(Tian Guiying)
1. The fisherman has a daughter named Guiying
On March 4, 1930, a fisherman's family at the foot of Laotie Mountain in Lushunkou District, Dalian ushered in its sixth place Children. Parents with little education thought for a long time and named their daughter Tian Guiying.
Lushun, a troubled place in modern history. The tragedy of a city can often be reflected in many families, and Tian Guiying's family is one of them.
The livelihood of the whole family depends on his father fishing. If you catch the fish today, you can have a bite of food; if you don't catch the fish, you will be hungry.
Especially in winter, the sea is frozen,It has become the norm for the whole family to be hungry.
The poverty of the family left a deep impression on Tian Guiying. She would never forget. When grandfather died, her mother rummaged through every corner of the house and couldn't find a decent dress.
In the end, it was the mother who went out to find someone else to borrow a piece of clothing before reluctantly attending grandpa's funeral.
(Lushunkou District)
However, this kind of life experience has also cultivated Tian Guiying's perseverance and tenacious character.
Moreover, Tian Guiying is also lucky in comparison. Because there are five older sisters above her, especially the eldest sister, who take great care of her.
When Tian Guiying is old enough to go to school, the eldest sister also suggested that her parents send Tian Guiying to the school. Although the livelihood was already very difficult, the parents still agreed to this suggestion.
However, the good times are not long. After Tian Guiying went to school for two years, the family really couldn't afford her, so she had to drop out of school and go home.
Although Tian Guiying has a deep love for reading, although she is very reluctant to drop out, Tian Guiying, who understands her family early on, finally bid farewell to the school.
To help reduce the burden on the family, when he was 15 years old, Tian Guiying became an apprentice in a printing factory. Despite the arduous tasks, Tian Guiying never complains and completes the tasks earnestly every day with quality and quantity.
(Tian Guiying)
Not only that, she also seizes all the time to learn skills, hoping that one day she can use her craft to change the living conditions of the family.
How many skills Tian Guiying learned in the printing factory is unknown. However, two years later, she had a better job opportunity.
After being introduced by others, Tian Guiying entered the canteen of Dalian Locomotive Depot in 1947 through recruitment.For this job, Tian Guiying can get 25 kilograms of sorghum rice and a salary of more than ten yuan a month.
For a person who has had no food and clothing since childhood, this kind of remuneration is really not low. At that time, Tian Guiying was also very satisfied with her work. Later, she once said:
"The idea at that time was very simple. It was to earn more money, support your parents, buy some thread, embroider a few pairs of pillows, I'm old enough to marry a good family."
With this idea, Tian Guiying certainly couldn't believe that in the locomotive depot, her later life could usher in such a big turning point.
(Dalian locomotive depot)
2. "Women’s locomotive"
Dalian locomotive depot has deliberately opened a night school in order to enrich the lives and knowledge of employees. For Tian Guiying, the experience of dropping out of school is always her regret.
Nowadays, if you can use the evening school to study, it can be regarded as a remedy for that regret. Therefore, Tian Guiying actively signed up for the evening school.
After a period of studying at night school, Tian Guiying's thinking has gradually changed. That night, a political teacher in the evening school told the students about the issue of women's liberation.
In order to let this group of students who have not gone to school for a few years better understand what they mean, the teacher used his mother as an example.
His mother is a very typical woman in the old society, who usually suffers and works hard, and is often beaten and scolded by her husband.
(Women's Liberation)
After finishing the mother’s experience, the instructor warned Tian Guiying and the others: “Women in the old society, relying on men for everything, revolved around the pot all day, and when their husbands had a bad temper, they had to be beaten. Being scolded as slaves.
For women to be liberated, they must first have the condition not to rely on men, that is, directly participate in production."
The teacher's words had a great influence on Tian Guiying. I remembered that I always dreamed of finding a good family to marry when I reached my age. It turned out that this idea was wrong.
Women must also have skills and work hard so that they can gain a more independent status. After understanding this, Tian Guiying has greater enthusiasm for work.
She is no longer satisfied with continuing to issue meal tickets in the cafeteria, she has to learn skills! Tian Guiying found the head of the locomotive depot and asked: "As long as I can learn technology, I can do anything, and I can do what gay men can do."
(Tian Guiying)
Tian Guiying's ambition and determination deeply moved the section chief, and the section chief finally agreed to her to go to the oil cleaning garage to learn to drive a petrol truck. Finally there is a place to learn skills, Tian Guiying is very excited, and works harder.
Not long after, Tian Guiying, who performed well, joined the Communist Party of China, and was named a first-class model worker in Luda City (now Dalian) in the second year.
Outside of work, Tian Guiying pays more attention to study and often goes to the staff club to read books. That day, she walked in the club as usual.
Suddenly, a huge propaganda poster attracted Tian Guiying's attention. The propaganda poster shows a female train driver from the Soviet Union, dressed in uniform and heroic.
(Tian Guiying)
Looking at their images, Tian Guiying was envious, and kept thinking in her heart: "If one day, I can also get on a big train, that would be great!"
Tian Guiying stared at the propaganda poster and could see that, but did not notice that someone suddenly appeared beside her. This person is called Li Suofu, who is their head,And he was still a Soviet.
Li Suofu looked at Tian Guiying's serious envy, and said to her: "Look! We Soviets! How heroic she is!"
Before Tian Guiying could answer, Li Suofu took care of herself again. Said to herself: "You are just as beautiful in her costume!" Tian Guiying is a teenage girl after all. When Li Suofu praised herself so much, she suddenly became embarrassed. She did not answer Lisoff's words, and blushed and left.
However, Lisoff’s kind ridicule just now gave her another idea: “There are female train drivers in the Soviet Union, why can’t China have them?”
(Tian Guiying)
and Li Souf, probably had the same idea as her.
So, Li Suofu planned to train a group of female train drivers in the Dalian locomotive depot. Soon after, the good news reached Tian Guiying's ears. She was so excited that she immediately ran home and told her parents that she was going to be a train driver.
However, Tian Guiying's enthusiasm reached the eyes of her parents, and it became an unreasonable crazy act. The parents told her: "Being a train driver is dirty, tired, and dangerous. That's not a girl's job at all. If you really go to drive the train, how can you get married in the future?"
After others heard about this incident, they even ridiculed her. Some even said, "It's too shameful for a woman to stay at home and go to drive some train!"
However, Tian Guiying has always been strong-minded, all of this. Objection and ridicule did not change her decision. In the end, she resolutely wrote her name on the registration form provided by Duan Li.
It turns out that Tian Guiying is not the only woman with lofty aspirations and strong will. There are more than twenty people who signed up with her.
After strict screening, only nine people successfully entered the training class. That year, Tian Guiying was only 19 years old, and a few of her people,The oldest is only twenty-one years old.
Among these young women, Tian Guiying was appointed as the team leader because of her excellent qualities and positive performance. The work on the train is not easy. At that time, the train, unlike now, mainly burned coal.
(Tian Guiying who is shoveling coal)
Therefore, Tian Guiying's first lesson is to learn how to burn coal, which is a laborious task. Because the coal in each shovel weighs three to four kilograms, and when throwing it out, you need to be skilled. Make sure that the coal forms a dustpan shape with a low middle and a high surrounding. Because only in this way can coal burn more vigorously.
Tian Guiying and other female classmates have practiced shoveling coal since the first day of class. This work makes them exhausted every day, they can't even straighten their waists, and there is black soot in their noses and throats.
But even so, Tian Guiying has no intention of giving up. Not only that, she also encouraged her sisters to say: "Everything is difficult at the beginning. What Soviet women can do, we can do it, come on!"
With such confidence, Tian Guiying's coal-pumping technology is getting more and more. Superb. Two weeks later, Tian Guiying voluntarily asked to get in the car and set on fire, and the section chief agreed to her request.
After arriving in the car, the gay men can throw two hundred and eighty shovels of coal in 15 minutes, and Tian Guiying's throw of coal has reached two hundred and thirty shovels.
not only impressed the other workers, even the deputy head was also very surprised, and gave Tian Guiying a thumbs up: "On this basis, you can also learn successfully."
But for Tian Guiying and the others, the more rare challenge is yet to come. Because I have finished shoveling coal, I also need to learn locomotive structure management technology and brake theory.
(brake machine theory)
For these girls who haven't gone to school for a few days, such advanced things are really a huge test.
Although the teachers can’t wait to teach them hand in hand,Every step is explained very clearly, but they are still very difficult to understand.
During the day, they wrote down everything the teacher said. At night, I will review what I have learned in the dormitory, and I will not go to bed until all the questions have been clarified.
Especially Tian Guiying, the lights are often turned off, and she has to turn on the flashlight and read a book in the bed for a while.
Tian Guiying's work day and night is very effective. After nearly nine months of study, Tian Guiying and the three others passed the examination and obtained the driver's license. They were the first batch of female train drivers in New China.
Moreover, Tian Guiying won the first place in the theoretical examination. Therefore, Tian Guiying was also appointed as the driver's captain. In this way, she also became the first female driver captain in New China.
(The first group of female train driver trainees)
March 8, 1950, is a moment Tian Guiying will never forget in her entire life. On that day, more than two thousand women in Dalian gathered in the square in front of the railway station to commemorate the "March 8" International Women's Day .
On the same day, witnessed by more than two thousand women, the "March 8" chartered car group officially started. wore brand-new railway overalls. Tian Guiying spoke as a representative at the ceremony, and also received a bright red pennant, which read: Women's locomotive in large gilded letters.
From an ordinary fisherwoman to the first female driver in the Republic, this process can be said to be a full range of bitterness and sweetness. I am afraid that Tian Guiying's heart is the most complicated at such a moment.
After speaking, Tian Guiying walked into the cab. After the station attendant's signal for departure was given, Tian Guiying calmly sounded the whistle.
With the whistle of the train, the first train driven by a woman slowly left Dalian's railway station...
(Tian Guiying and "Women's Locomotive" "Banners)
3. "Your temper is not small yet"
From the moment he officially got on the train cab, Tian Guiying has grown into an excellent train driver and captain.
Under her leadership, the "38th" chartered vehicle set a record of safely driving more than 30,000 kilometers and saving 51.76 tons of coal in less than four months.
On Labor Day in 1950, Tian Guiying was ordered to drive the "March 8" locomotive and escort more than 200 model workers to Harbin to attend the second Northeast Railway Model Workers Conference.
From Dalian to Harbin, this is the longest driving distance since Tian Guiying became a train driver, but she still successfully completed the task.
Moreover, she herself actually wants to attend this model conference.
At the conference, Tian Guiying was rated as a first-class model worker because of her usual performance. In the same year, Tian Guiying, as a representative of Northeast Railway workers, was sent to Beijing to participate in the National Congress of Model Workers, Peasants and Soldiers.
(National Congress of Model Workers of Workers, Peasants and Soldiers)
At this conference, Tian Guiying and another hero and model presented the pennant to Chairman Mao as representatives. Tian Guiying was very excited to be received by Chairman Mao.
But at the same time, she also had a small regret in her heart, that was because she was too nervous to say a word to Chairman Mao.
but what she doesn’t know is,Although Chairman Mao did not communicate with her, the chairman still remembers her name.
As early as the second day after the "March 8" chartered group was officially released, the "People's Daily" named "A Pioneering Work on the People's Railway!" Dalian female driver Tian Guiying and others began to drive the "No. 38" locomotive and made a report.
After the report came out, it attracted the attention of the whole country. How could Chairman Mao not be deeply impressed by such a person.
In 1951, Tian Guiying caused an even greater sensation. The film "Female Driver" based on her was released nationwide, which caused an upsurge of women's participation in work.
(poster of the movie "Female Driver")
Not only that, Tian Guiying also appeared in the Chinese textbook, and truly became a household name in China.
In the same year, Tian Guiying came to Beijing again as a representative of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference . Thus, the scene mentioned at the beginning of this article happened.
After Chairman Mao met Tian Guiying, a staff member said: "This is Tian Guiying", and then Chairman Mao kindly said: "We have met."
After finishing talking, Chairman Mao also looked at Tian Guiying and found that her figure is actually very thin. Therefore, Chairman Mao asked with concern: "Can you drive a big train?"
Regarding the chairman's question, Tian Guiying thought in his heart: Chairman, you look down on me too much!
So, when shaking hands with the chairman, Tian Guiying deliberately tried a little bit. Chairman Mao noticed it very keenly, and then jokingly said to her: "Your temper is not too small!"
(Chairman Mao)
Seeing Chairman Mao's funny look, Tian Guiying laughed embarrassedly.Then Chairman Mao asked her again: "Now the whole country is supporting to resist US aggression and aid to Korea , how are you going to support the resistance to US aggression and aid to Korea?" The Korean battlefield!"
Looking at Tian Guiying with ambitious ambitions, Chairman Mao also smiled, and said to her: "You are driving a passenger car, and going to the Korean battlefield is of no use. You just need to work hard and make more contributions. It is to support the resistance to US aggression and aid to Korea."
With the encouragement of Chairman Mao, Tian Guiying is more motivated in her future work.
Tian Guiying worked as a train driver for more than two years and drove more than 200,000 kilometers without any accident.
At the end of 1952, the "March 8 Women's Chartered Car Group" was disbanded, and Tian Guiying was also sent to the Liaoning Provincial Workers and Peasants Accelerated School to continue learning cultural knowledge.
(Tian Guiying)
Three years later, Tian Guiying was admitted to Tangshan Railway School with excellent results, and then studied the steam locomotive theory in the Department of Mechanical Engineering. There, Tian Guiying has plenty of time and more excellent teachers to help her with professional studies.
Tian Guiying eagerly accepted the influence of knowledge. In 1960, Tian Guiying graduated successfully. She was then arranged to work as an engineer in the locomotive office of Shenyang Railway Bureau.
In the days to come, Tian Guiying continued to play the fine quality of hard work and continued to make outstanding contributions to the construction of the country in his work position. And she herself, after the reform and opening up, was appointed as the deputy head of the female engineering department of the Shenyang Bureau's Engineering Office.
In 1985, Tian Guiying reached the age of retiring. She took off her work clothes and reluctantly left the career she had struggled for most of her life.
But in fact, Tian Guiying is an old man.After she retired, her daily life was still very busy. Whenever schools, factories and other units invited her to talk about revolutionary traditions, Tian Guiying always agreed.
(Tian Guiying who joined Shenyang Model Labor Property Company)
In the course of her speech, she always said that she can grow from a peasant girl who can’t even afford to eat to a train driver. Finally became an engineer. All this is inseparable from the cultivation of the Communist Party.
She always puts her gratitude to the party on her lips, and uses practical actions to repay the party and the people. When she was getting older, she also joined the Shenyang Model Worker Property Company. Every day as long as she was free, she would work with other retired models to maintain the sanitation of the Shenyang North Canal.
With such dedication, Tian Guiying has lived her retirement life vividly...
Conclusion:
As Tian Guiying herself said, she grew up from a fisher girl step by step and is inseparable from the party. And the country’s training and assistance.
Chairman Mao and other party and state leaders also met Tian Guiying three times before and after, and gave her a high degree of recognition for her work, and also brought her a lot of encouragement.
Faced with so many praises for herself in the society, Tian Guiying always maintains a particularly humble attitude: "I have gained far more in my life than I have given. I have today, but in that special age. , Under special circumstances, the opportunity pushed me up. The little work I did is not worth mentioning."
Although she will never take credit for pride, it is undeniable that Tian Guiying has made a certain contribution to the development of China Railway . And in her heart, she was always thinking about the railway business.
In 2007, Tian Guiying, who was 77 years old, heard that my country's railways had achieved the sixth major speed increase. At that moment, Tian Guiying could no longer restrain her excitement, and quickly bought a ticket to take a ride on the Harmony EMU.
(Tian Guiying is in front of the "Harmony" train)
As the first female train driver in New China who has witnessed the three major strides of steam, internal combustion, and electricity on Chinese railways, Tian Guiying is sitting now spacious, clean and sick. On the fast-flying train, she was extremely proud.
Today's achievements are the result of years of hard work by countless railwaymen!
This year is the 100th birthday of the Chinese Communist Party, and Tian Guiying has also become a 90-year-old man. A few years ago, Tian Guiying accidentally fell and caused a fracture.
So now she always sits in a wheelchair and doesn't go out much. But at this great moment, Tian Guiying still couldn't help but write ten characters on the wheelchair: "Hundred Years of Struggle, Red Heart to the Party".
These ten words are the voice of Tian Guiying and the portrayal of her life. Looking back at the time, Tian Guiying has always maintained the infinite loyalty of a Communist to the party and the country in her normal life and work!
References:
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Chen Quanzhong. Tian Guiying: New China's first train girl The legendary life of a driver[J].Partner,2021,(No.6).
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The editorial department of this journal. Tian Guiying-the first female train driver in New China[J]. Communist Party Member (Part 2), 2017, (No. 5).
Gu Wei. Tian Guiying: Be a good one for a lifetime" Locomotive"[J]. Selected Readings for Half a Month, 2009, (Issue 24).
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