, a new journey to a century of struggle
To welcome the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China welcomes all listeners and friends to listen to it!
The situation and many new issues. The party leads the people to continue to advance, and new tasks and goals need to be put forward. At the end of 1952, the land reform was basically completed, and the task of restoring the national economy was successfully achieved. Korean armistice negotiations The two sides reached an agreement on major issues, and the war is expected to end soon. This shows that my country has the conditions to carry out large-scale economic construction in a planned way. The party decided in time to implement the first five-year plan for the development of the national economy from 1953. The main body of the plan is of course the industrialization of the country. This is the long-cherished goal of the Chinese people for hundreds of years, and it is the key to changing China's backwardness and becoming prosperous and strong. Now, the Chinese people can finally take a big step forward on the road of industrialization.
At the same time, some new contradictions have also appeared and accumulated in our social life. In rural areas, after the land reform, the scattered and backward individual economy of farmers could not meet the growing needs of urban and industrial development for food and agricultural raw materials.The emergence of the gap between the rich and the poor has caused the party and the government to pay attention to polarization. In the cities, the restriction and anti-restriction struggles between the working class and the bourgeoisie fluctuate from time to time, which has a great impact on the country’s economic life. This situation makes the party have to consider stepping up and expanding the mutual aid and cooperation movement in rural areas and measures to restrict capital in cities. In this way, the task of systematic socialist transformation of the national economy has been put on the agenda.
It is against this background that after nearly a year of deliberation, the Party Central Committee formed and proposed the party’s general line for the transition period. This is: "From the establishment of the People’s Republic of China to the completion of socialist transformation, this is a transition. Period. The party’s general line and general task during this transitional period is to gradually realize the country’s socialist industrialization and the country’s socialist transformation of agriculture, rival industries, and capitalist industry and commerce over a long period of time. "This general line clearly sets the great task of building socialism to the people of the whole country. This is a major strategic step taken by the party at a critical moment in history.
Realizing socialism in China is the goal set by the Communist Party of China since its founding. However, under the semi-colonial and semi-feudal historical conditions, the realization of socialism must be carried out in two steps: firstly, the victory of the anti-imperialist and anti-feudal new democratic revolution can then be transferred to the socialist revolution. As for when to transition to the socialist stage, it needs to be determined according to specific circumstances in the course of the practice of revolutionary development. After three years of practice after the founding of New China, the Party Central Committee believes that the time and conditions are ripe for formulating the party's general line during the transition period and clearly presenting the task of gradual transition to socialism to the entire party and the people of the whole country. The reasons are: First, there is already a relatively powerful and rapidly developing socialist state-owned economy , which has become an important material basis for the transition to socialism. The second is that it has accumulated a lot of experience in the use and restriction of private industry and commerce, and has undergone preliminary reforms. Third, we have accumulated a lot of experience in developing mutual agricultural cooperation and cooperation in rural areas after the land reform, which has actually become the first step in the socialist transformation of individual agriculture. Fourth, from the perspective of the international environment, capitalist countries are in a downturn, and socialist countries are full of vitality for upward development. This is also a factor that prompted the party to believe that it should initiate a gradual transition to socialism.
After the general line for the transition period was put forward, extensive and in-depth study, propaganda and education were carried out among the whole party and the people of the whole country, and the understanding was quickly unified within the party, and it was also supported by the people of the whole country. It became a unity and mobilization of the people of the whole country for construction A new program for the struggle of a great socialist country. The whole party and the people of the whole country turned their attention to the task of socialist industrialization, happily welcoming and investing in the climax of New China's large-scale and planned economic construction.
The first five-year plan and the start of socialist industrialization
The formulation of a viable medium-term plan for the development of the national economy is an important step in completing the main tasks of industrialization specified in the general line of the transition period.
Realizing national industrialization is the only way for the party to lead people of all ethnic groups to achieve national independence and prosperity, and to enable China to stand on its own among the nations of the world. Mao Zedong said long ago: "Without industry, there would be no solid national defense, no people's welfare, and no country's prosperity." But by 1952, the starting point of my country's industrialization was still very low. The output value of modern industry accounts for only 43.1% of the total output value of industry and agriculture, and the heavy industry only accounts for 35.5% of the total industrial output value. The per capita output of many important industrial products not only lags far behind the industrialized countries, but also lower than the newly independent countries like India. In 1954, Mao Zedong had an impressive description: "What can we make now? Can make tables and chairs, can make tea bowls and teapots, can grow grain, can be ground into flour, and can make paper, but a car, You can’t build an airplane, a tank, or a tractor.” Especially after 's war against US aggression and aid Korea competed with the world’s number one power, the United States, the requirement to change my country’s industrial backwardness is particularly urgent. Considering the above-mentioned actual situation, the Party Central Committee has made a decision to give priority to the development of heavy industry, requiring that the basic construction of heavy industry and defense industry be guaranteed first, especially those major projects that are decisive for the country and can quickly strengthen the country’s industrial base and defense capabilities. Finish.
As a large economic and cultural backward country, under the conditions of a people’s democratic dictatorship based on the alliance of workers and peasants led by the working class,China can only take the socialist road to achieve industrialization. Only under the socialist system, exerting the superiority of concentrating power to do major tasks, can we accelerate the industrialization of the country and truly win economic independence.
In order to prepare for the construction of a planned economy, my country started to compile the first five-year plan in 1951. During the formulation and implementation of the "First Five-Year Plan", several major relationships in my country's economic construction were handled well, and the main force was proposed to focus on the development of heavy industry, while not relaxing agriculture and light industry, and to make overall plans for all sectors of the national economy Arrangements; scientifically carry out industrial layout to change the unreasonable situation where most of my country’s industries are concentrated in coastal areas; actively and steadily determine the average annual growth rate of industrial and agricultural production in accordance with my country’s national strength; appropriately combine development and production with improving people’s lives; both To strive for foreign aid, while emphasizing self-reliance, national construction should be based on domestic strength. These have far-reaching guiding significance for the subsequent economic construction of our country.
Since 1953, economic construction has been carried out nationwide in a planned way. The nation's urban and rural areas quickly formed a warm atmosphere to participate in and support the country's industrialization. This is an era of burning passion. The infinite longing for industrialization has inspired labor enthusiasm that workers, farmers, and intellectuals have never had before. "Work every second to create a socialist society"-this call for the spirit of the times, vividly reflects the enthusiasm for construction inspired by the goal of industrialization. New China is changing almost every day. Good news on the industrial construction front spread frequently. In December 1953, Anshan Iron and Steel Company's three major projects-large rolling mill, seamless steel tube plant, and No. 7 ironmaking furnace held a production ceremony. Large-scale steel companies in Baotou and Wuhan have begun construction. On average, one large project above the quota starts or completes every day. A large number of basic industrial sectors that were not available in old China have been established one by one, and a large number of industrial and mining enterprises have been established in the Mainland. The overly backward appearance and unreasonable layout of old China's heavy industries have been greatly changed. The achievements of industrial production in the past five years far exceed those of the old China in one hundred years. New China quickly stood up from the ruins, laying the foundation for my country's establishment of an independent and complete industrial system, and accumulating valuable experience for socialist construction.
Editor: Zhang Zhichao
Review: Erihemu
Contribution email: [email protected]
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