There is a "Fragrant Mountain Villa" on Gele Mountain in Shapingba District, Chongqing. The predecessor of this villa was the White Mansion, which was collectively known as one of the "Two Living Coffins" with 渣滓洞. Decades ago, all the villas were detained in it. Communist revolutionary comrades called "political prisoners" by the enemy.
One day in 1947, the head of the General Affairs Office of the Military Reunification, drunk came to Chongqing Geleshan Baigongguan Prison for inspection. A gloomy atmosphere filled the entire villa. Guards with loaded guns and live ammunition could be seen everywhere. I saw a prisoner running wildly in the yard. According to the guards, the prisoner was a red agent who broke into an important organization of the Kuomintang. After being arrested, he has been detained for 14 years.
I saw this prisoner wearing a ripped prison uniform, his hair was messy, his face and hands were all wounded during the interrogation, he had been running around the yard from time to time, stopping to dance while talking nonsense, alive and well. He is a lunatic.
drunk and walked to him, the two eyes met for a short time, and he realized that the prisoner was not that simple. He must be pretending to be crazy, so he ordered the guards to put the prisoner in the cell. And strictly guarded.
The intoxicating conjecture finally came true. Not long after he left the White Mansion, he received news that the prisoner pretending to be crazy and stupid had escaped from prison...
This red agent is called Han Zidong, then , How was he arrested and detained for 14 years? How did you escape from the tightly guarded White Mansion?
The story of Han Zidong starts in 1908.
Abandoned the dark to become a red agent
In 1908, Han Zidong was born in Yanggu County, Shandong Province. Although his ancestors had always been a family of squires, the generation of Han Zidong’s father had fallen because of warlords. It is not as rich and powerful as before.
Han Zidong was considered a rich peasant family when he was born.With more than 30 acres of land, his father and his uncle reselled some goods together, and their life was considered moist. However, when Han Zidong was seven years old, something went wrong in his family.
This year, Han Zidong’s father and uncle broke completely, and Han Zidong’s life has also undergone earth-shaking changes. The Han family has gradually declined. After the last piece of land in the family was sold, Han Zidong completely lost his generous life and began to chop wood and graze every day. Worries and sorrows at home.
Five years later, Han Zidong relied on his own hard work to study part-time and finally had the opportunity to enter the school. He cherished this hard-won opportunity and studied eagerly every day.
The teachers in the school highly praised Mr. Sun Yat-sen’s advanced ideas, and occasionally raised a mouthful in class. The speaker was unwilling and the listener was interested. Han Zidong showed great interest in Mr. Sun Yat-sen’s " Three People's Principles". At one time I thought this was the best way to save the world.
In 1926, Han Zidong joined the Kuomintang after graduating from high school, ready to follow Mr. Sun Yat-sen’s steps to save the country and the people, and realize his ideals. What he did not expect was that Chiang Kai-shek launched a coup and mutiny revolution. The cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party is breaking down.
The sudden change caused Han Zidong to re-examine this revolutionary team. He was also arrested by the reactionaries because he had participated in some labor movements organized by the Communist Party. He was completely disappointed with the Kuomintang. In order to avoid arrest, Han Zidong was here. With the help of relatives and friends, he fled his hometown.
After careful consideration, Han Zidong chose to come to Peking, and with his own efforts, he was admitted to the Economics Department of China University . Because there is no financial source, Han Zidong can only use his spare time to do odd jobs.
During this time, Han Zidong would go to the Chunqiu Bookstore to work when he had no class. Although he had a very fulfilling life, he was also very confused. He didn’t know how to take the road in the future and how to realize his ambitions to save the country and the people. , A series of questions squeezed into Han Zidong’s mind,He can only try to keep himself busy without thinking about these things.
When Han Zidong was wandering at the crossroads of his life, a person appeared to guide him on the right path. This person was Comrade Zhou Yi, a communist agent in Peking.
On this day, Han Zidong was sorting books in the bookstore. Zhou Yi accidentally exposed his identity during the mission. In order to avoid the enemy's pursuit, he hid in the Spring and Autumn Bookstore and hid hurriedly in the cabinet under the bookshelf.
Followed by a group of Kuomintang soldiers and asked Han Zidong if he saw anyone running in. Han Zidong hated the reactionaries very much, and denied that he did not see any suspicious people. This group of Kuomintang soldiers rummaged around and found no flaws. Just give up, Han Zidong and Zhou Yi also met.
With the contact with Zhou Yi, Han Zidong began to understand the Communist Party more deeply. He found that what he wanted in his heart coincided with the goals and ideals of the Communist Party, and he had a sense of belonging to the Party organization. With a sense of intimacy, he was convinced that following the guidelines of the Communist Party would surely seek happiness for the country and the people, so he actively applied for and joined the Communist Party of China.
Zhou Yi is very optimistic about Han Zidong. This young man is very flexible, bold and careful, and has the potential to be a spy, and Han Zidong's identity is a student, which is very easy to carry out work, so Zhou Yi applied to the party organization for Han Zidong to come. Served as the task of breaking into the "Fuxing Club".
As an important organization of the Kuomintang, the Fuxing Society is very dangerous to carry out work within it. Any small mistake will be lost. Han Zidong is also very careful to transfer the information to the contact person every time.
On this day, after Han Zidong intercepted the KMT's secret report, he was about to go to the contact station to pass the information out. Suddenly, there was a knock on the door. He watched the door alertly through the window. More than a dozen spies Holding a gun at the door, Han Zidong knew that he could not run away, so he burned all the relevant information with a fire.
Han Zidong opened the door after doing all this, and a group of spies with guns and live ammunition rushed in and knocked him down.He also learned later that it turned out that an underground party member in Peking became a traitor after being arrested and confessed the identity of Han Zidong. That's why he suffered this catastrophe.
In prison, the Kuomintang agents used all kinds of torture on Han Zidong and wanted to get the Communist Party’s confidential information from him, but Han Zidong resolutely refused to disclose the least information. The Kuomintang could only sentence him to life imprisonment and moved him to Guizhou. The Xifeng Concentration Camp was taken into custody.
Xifeng Xingyuan
In the Xifeng concentration camp, a car of the Nationalist Government Military Committee drove in, and then a group of prisoners with iron handcuffs and ankles were taken from the car by several soldiers, one The chief commanded the prison guards: "These are all'white-headed men' and must be carefully guarded!"
The so-called "white-headed men" refers to major "political suspects", because there is no evidence and cannot be killed. They can't be released either, they can only be kept in custody, and Han Zidong is one of them.
Then Han Zidong was taken into a cell by guards. This cell was less than two feet long and less than one foot wide, and there were 17 prisoners in it. There was an unpleasant stench in the damp cell. Usually the prison guard came and covered his nose with a handkerchief.
The conditions here are much worse than Han Zidong’s conditions in Nanjing before. The "four treasures rice" (sand, stone, millet, , tarpaulin) was eaten in Nanjing. It has become "Eight Treasure Rice", and many prisoners are not killed by the enemy but by gastrointestinal diseases and dysentery.
Han Zidong learned after staying in Xifeng Concentration Camp for a while that the prisoners were detained in different levels. Within the military system, Xifeng Concentration Camp was called "University", while the Baigongguan and Wanglongmen in Chongqing were called For "middle school" and "elementary school", Han Zidong, who was escorted to Xifeng concentration camp from other places, was called "promotion".
in Xifeng concentration camp,In addition to being interrogated every day, Han Zidong was kept in a dark cell. The dark and humid environment caused him to suffer from rheumatism and skin diseases. The physical and psychological torture continued to erode his tenacious will, just when he was about to support him. There was a glimmer of vitality in the gloomy life when I lived.
At that time, the director of the concentration camp was Zhou Yanghao , known as the "scholastic killer". He started to implement prison reforms as soon as he took office. Because any of his former sons abused prisoners in all manners, the camp was concentrated. In order not to affect the reputation of military reunification, He Zizhen was removed by Dai Li, and Zhou Yanghao was appointed as the director of Xifeng concentration camp
. The Sun also implemented a labor system and carried out labor reforms on prisoners. It was precisely because of the implementation of the New Deal that Han Zidong's health began to slowly recover, and it also provided convenience for the revolutionary comrades in the concentration camps to unite.
In 1941, Luo Shiwen, Che Yaoxian, Song Qiyun and others were escorted from Chongqing to Xifeng concentration camp. It happened that Luo Shiwen was imprisoned in the cell where Han Zidong was located. His arrival became a turning point in Han Zidong's prison life.
After talking to Han Zidong, he learned that Luo Shiwen was the secretary of the Sichuan Provincial Party Committee of the Communist Party of China. He told Han Zidong about the events after the outbreak of the War of Resistance against Japan. After hearing this, Han Zidong rekindled his fighting spirit and began to be active. To life in prison.
Under the leadership of Luo Shiwen, a secret party branch was established in the Xifeng concentration camp. Han Zidong served as the branch. After discussion, the prison branch decided to use the new policy implemented by Zhou Yanghao to unite the comrades in the prison and start the Xifeng concentration camp. Unity struggle.
After the party branch was established, the revolutionary comrades in the prison found their spiritual support and fought against the reactionary forces under extremely difficult conditions until the outbreak of the liberation war .
The Kuomintang was defeated by the People's Liberation Army.Seeing that Guiyang was about to fall, Dai Li immediately ordered the transfer of the prisoners in the Xifeng concentration camp, and the diehards were executed directly on the spot.
In the summer of 1946, Luo Shiwen, Che Yaoxian and other revolutionary comrades were listed as diehards, and they were secretly executed and killed. Political prisoners such as Han Zidong were transferred to the Chongqing White Mansion.
Escape from the "living coffin"
In August 1947, the comrades of the underground party branch in the Baigongguan prison in Chongqing analyzed the domestic situation. The head of the branch Xu Xiaoxuan believed that everyone cannot die in prison. Since collective escape is not easy to achieve, then Can escape one is one!
Xu Xiaoxuan approached Han Zidong for a separate discussion, and said: " Comrade Han Zidong, after discussion, the organization decided that you will complete the task of separate escape from prison! "
Han Zidong hesitated and replied: ", my physical condition is better than others Comrades are indeed pretty good. It should be easier to escape from prison, but I think we should help those comrades who have contributed a lot to the party to escape first. It is possible that the escape is successful. Only if you successfully escape can the Kuomintang’s atrocities in the concentration camps be made public. This is also the task of the branch to confess to you! ”
Hearing that the escape was carried out with a mission, Han Zidong immediately decided to obey the branch’s arrangements. And began to actively prepare for the escape from prison. After learning that Han Zidong had decided to perform the escape mission, Xu Linxia deliberately made a suit of clothes and a pillowcase for Han Zidong with rags, and asked his son "little carrot head" to secretly give it to him.
Han Zidong looked at the thin "little radish head" in front of his eyes. He was five years old but he couldn't walk smoothly because of severe malnutrition. A sorrow and grief surged in Han Zidong's heart, and he took the "little carrot head" into his arms and stroked his forehead. Han Zidong swears in his heart after the "little turnip head" left.If he has a chance to escape successfully, he must be rescued.
At night, Han Zidong looked at the clothes in his hands by the moonlight. He saw blood stains on it, and his nose was sour that he couldn't help sobbing. He suddenly felt that his responsibility was heavy, and Han Zidong turned his grief. Strength, began to plan how to escape from prison.
Han Zidong summed up three aspects. One is that his current physical condition is very poor, and he can't run far without chasing soldiers; the other is that he must let the enemy lower his guard against himself and find an opportunity to get in touch with the White Mansion. Outside; in the end, I am unfamiliar with the place where I am born, how to choose the escape route after escape.
Just as Han Zidong was at a loss, an accidental opportunity appeared in front of him. Late that night, Han Zidong was taken to the interrogation room by guard Lu Zhaochun. A wounded revolutionary comrade was enduring the torture of the spies and brought Han Zidong's purpose. Just to "accompany the cut."
The so-called "accompaniment cut" is to let Han Zidong watch his comrades being killed, in order to intimidate and persecute him to explain the secrets of the Communist Party. Han Zidong has heard of the enemy’s brutal actions. Suddenly he had a flash of inspiration and thought of a wonderful plan, and he simply used his plan to pretend to be insane by "accompaniment".
The revolutionary comrade was still tight-lipped after being tortured by the enemy and refused to disclose our party secrets. He was then taken to the courtyard by the enemy, and Han Zidong was also held by Lu Zhaochun and stood aside.
The prison director Yang Qiushan asked the revolutionary comrade for the last time if he wanted to "abandon the dark and cast the light", but the comrade yelled: " Long live the Chinese Communist Party", Yang Qiushan waved his hand, and then a flash of cold light flashed. The executioner on the side riveted enough strength to chop off the head of the comrade, with a "click", a column of blood gushed out, and that comrade's young life was thus terminated.
Han Zidong fell to his knees with a "plop", although his heart was full of anger, and he wanted to kill the beasts with a gun.But in order to take out the secrets here, he can only choose to bear the burden of humiliation, yelling like crazy, shuddering all over, and muttering in his mouth: " don't kill me, don't kill me. "
Yang Qiushan sees Han Zidong There was no way to continue the interrogation in this way, so Lu Zhaochun was asked to shut him back to the cell. From that night on, Han Zidong was chattering around in the cell every day. Lu Zhaochun saw him and sent him to the yard. After a severe beating, he ignored the pain from his upper body and began to roll in the yard. Lu Zhaochun had no choice but to shut him back.
Lu Zhaochun is a gambler. He is so lazy all day long. He was holding dirty clothes and preparing to wash. He looked at the crazy Han Zidong and ordered Han Zidong to wash his clothes. What he didn't expect was that Han Zidong was very obedient and asked him to wash his clothes. I washed it honestly.
After hitting this, what kind of dirty work the guards usually have, just a word and Han Zidong will do it cheerfully. Every time he goes out to purchase goods, he will be taken with him, and his name is also from the prisoner. The number became an "old lunatic".
After gradually gaining the trust of the guards, Han Zidong began to run wild in the yard of the White Mansion. At the beginning, Lu Zhaochun would beat him up and shut him back. After a long time, he would be ignored. Lu Zhaochun was willing to let him in. There is also a reason in the yard.
First, after Dai Li bought the White Mansion and transformed it into a prison, no prisoners can escape from here. Furthermore, Han Zidong, a foreigner who is unfamiliar with his life and place, even if he ran out and caught him back, it would be easy , So Lu Zhaochun didn't bother to care about him.
And Han Zidong would run around in the yard regardless of the wind and sun. After a long time, Han Zidong made himself very sloppy, his hair was messy, his clothes were dusty, and his eyes were deliberately dull. He was like a lunatic, just when Han Zidong thought the time was about to come, his drunken appearance disrupted his plan.
One day in 1947, the head of the General Affairs Department of Military Reunification was ordered to inspect the Chongqing White Mansion. As soon as he entered the gate, he noticed this "crazy old man".Immediately called the guard to question: "Who is that crazy old man?"
The guard replied flatly: "Chief Shen, his name is Han Zidong, a communist agent, and he changed after a'accompaniment'. It's like this."
Suddenly, he was puzzled, and ordered the guards to take Han Zidong to the intoxicated place for questioning.
Han Zidong has been shook his head and shook his head since he was brought over. Intoxicated, he turned his face around and stared at Han Zidong's eyes viciously. The brief meeting of the two eyes was in this short second. There is something wrong with Han Zidong.
Intoxicated as a senior official of the military command, he dealt with prisoners all day long. The number of communists interrogated by him was not counted. He was very puzzled when he first came in. He met so many communists and had never seen a scared fool. The moment he saw Han Zidong's eyes confirmed his doubts, a lunatic's eyes could never be so sharp.
Intoxication I can't get familiar with Han Zidong's eyes. It is clearly a Communist Party's hatred of the Kuomintang and military reunification. In fact, it is true. Han Zidong can't wait to insert a knife into his intoxicated chest.
The arrival of intoxication also attracted the attention of other comrades. At this moment, Xu Xiaoxuan was lying on the window seam and watching everything in the yard, silently praying for Han Zidong in his heart. After working hard for so long, he finally let the guard relax his vigilance. The flaws cannot be seen!
Han Zidong is also a little guilty at the moment. When he was taken back to the cell, he vaguely heard the intoxicated command to Lu Zhaochun: " This Han Zidong is by no means as simple as being frightened crazy. I don't know if there is something in my heart, so he must be watched carefully! ”
Lu Zhaochun said disapprovingly: “Don’t worry, Chief Shen! This old madman can’t run as specified!”
Han Zidong plans to advance his escape plan after realizing the seriousness of the problem.After these days of pretending to be crazy, I run back and forth in the yard every day, and my physical fitness has recovered a lot, and Lu Zhaochun's attitude should not be suspicious of me, and I must create an opportunity to escape from prison during the next purchase.
He negotiated with a few comrades. When collecting the shopping list, he selected the items that were not on the shelf to request purchases. Taking the opportunity to quarrel, the director Yang Qiushan rushed to reprimand loudly: "Have a hammer! What do you want to wait for tomorrow to let the old madman follow Lu Zhaochun to purchase!"
The enemy has already been hooked, and whether the escape can be achieved depends on tomorrow. This night, Han Zidong could not fall asleep over and over again, recalling his 14-year prison life and suffering. After the enemy's abuse, so many comrades have been killed, I must escape to expose the crimes of this group of reactionaries!
The next day, Han Zidong put on the clothes made by Xu Linxia, stuffed the pillowcase into his arms, put on an old clothes outside, and took two baskets and followed Lu Zhaochun to the comrades. Mountain.
Lu Zhaochun took Han Zidong to Ciqikou to rush to the market. Before he started buying, he met Hu Weixiang, the head of the Ciqikou police station. After the greeting, Lu Zhaochun planned to take Han Zidong to Hu Weixiang's house to play two cards.
When everyone came to Hu's house, they had already set up the card table. Lu Zhaochun just sat down and was about to start playing cards. He thought of Han Zidong, so Hu Weixiang arranged a policeman to look at Han Zidong.
The little policeman took Han Zidong to the door and leaned against the door and hummed a little song. He didn't care about the important "political prisoners" in front of him. There happened to be a watermelon stall next to him. The little policeman was too hot to bear. Humming a little song and walked towards the watermelon stall, intending to eat a watermelon to relieve the heat.
Han Zidong saw that at this time, Lu Zhaochun had been sitting on the bank, winning money and winning, and the little policeman had left. Such a good opportunity should not be missed. He rushed into an alley and turned left and right towards Jialing River. Run away.
The little policeman bought two melons and cut them back to the people at the poker table.At this time, Lu Zhaochun was having fun, eating melons and said, “I’m happy today, I appreciate Han Zidong a piece of melon!” After that, he turned to look at the door, only two large baskets were left. Up.
Hu Weixiang quipped: "This basket is still here, maybe I went to the bathroom, come and come, and then play cards!"
Han Zidong is an important "political prisoner", Lu Zhaochun dare not neglect. He immediately put down the melon in his hand and went out to look for Han Zidong. When he went to the toilet, he was not there at all. Lu Zhaochun knew he had stabbed a big basket and couldn't hide, so he quickly reported the matter to his superiors.
Intoxicated after receiving the report, he yelled at him, but the person has already run away. The most urgent thing is to find a way to get Han Zidong back. Intoxicated, looking at the map and thinking about it, Han Zidong would not choose to take the waterway. They will definitely flee to Chengdu and Guiyang, and immediately dispatch a large number of military spies to conduct a carpet search.
Han Zidong did exactly the opposite. After crossing the Jialing River by water, he headed to Jiangbei area. As soon as he got ashore, he took off his torn clothes outside, and found a shop to fix his hair and beard. A dirty "old madman" turned into a middle-aged man of mature writing quality, completely changed his appearance, even if the guard of the White Mansion saw it, he might not be able to recognize it.
Correcting the names of difficult friends
Han Zidong, in order to avoid hunting, walked around the night for 45 days before finally reaching the liberated area. After the organization conducted a rigorous review of him, he found that Han Zidong kept in mind the Communist guidelines during his imprisonment. He would rather die than be a traitor, and then regain his party membership.
Unfortunately, the civil war was in full swing at the time, and the Kuomintang definitely would not negotiate with our party to release political prisoners. Not only that, Chiang Kai-shek also stepped up the execution of comrades in Zhazidong and Bai Gongguan.
After the founding of New China, Han Zidong put all his experiences on rectifying the names of inmates, and most of the revolutionary figures in the White Mansion were executed secretly.Some even the corpse capitals are nowhere to be found, and Han Zidong managed to escape from prison by chance. He believes that this is the mission entrusted to him by fate. He actively contacted the relevant organization departments and disclosed some unknown things to the public.
The prototype of Hua Ziliang in the novel " Hongyan" published in 1961 was Han Zidong, and his legendary experience began to be known to everyone. He also sewed him with Xu Linxia, who he carried with him when he escaped from prison. The pillowcase made was donated to Hongyan Soul Exhibition Hall.
After his release from prison, Han Zidong successively served as deputy director of the General Office of the National Technical Commission, deputy secretary of the Guiyang Municipal Party Committee, and deputy secretary-general of the Guizhou Provincial Political Consultative Conference. Guiyang died of illness, and a generation of legendary old people came to an end.
14 years of prison life has not changed the original intention of a red agent and a communist. Even after suffering, Han Zidong still gritted his teeth. After he escaped from prison, the person in charge of the organization asked him if he wanted anything. The country and the people do not have any requirements for individuals.
Han Zidong's answer is: " only hopes to live for a few more decades, to see the destruction of the Jiang dynasty, and to see the establishment of socialism! ”
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