The establishment of the first police station in the world
Before we start to tell the story of the police cap, we have to start with the birth of the police. If there are no police caps, it’s not ? But we don’t seem to need to talk about the sprout of the police from the birth of the European continent in the ancient Roman era (approximately 27 BC). I also don’t want to worry about the "National Police Force" and "Mounted Police Force" established by France, the birthplace of the mainland police, between the 17th and 18th centuries, which are mainly used to suppress and arrest the rulers of the king. Is it a policeman? If this is the case, then since the Qin and Han Dynasties in China (about 206 BC) there has been an organization like the "Ting" that actually performs part of the police function. It should be regarded as the earliest in China and even the world. "Police Station". In this case, before the emperor of the Han Dynasty, Liu Bang was still known as the director of the "police station," and when Wei Wudi Cao Cao was the northern lieutenant of Luoyang, he was equivalent to the capital's "director of the public security branch." To tell these stories of Long long ago, I am afraid that it really needs Long long time. Therefore, today we are completely different from the concepts of "gearman", "night watchman" and "patrol", and are from the army An independent institution completely separated from it. It is a real modern policeman who is full-time to maintain public order and protect the safety of people's lives and property. So the more generally accepted view should be that from June 1829, the United Kingdom passed the "Metropolitan Police Act of 1829" by the then Secretary of the Interior Robert Bill, establishing the world's first police station, the "Metropolitan Police Station". Since then, a profession has been on the road of formalization and modernization. The implementation of this bill is also called "the first revolution in police affairs", which means that this is the revolution of modern police from scratch. At the same time, Robert Bill also formulated the "Twelve Rules for Police Construction", which is known as the golden rule of the police. These twelve principles are still applicable to the police regulations of any country even 190 years later.
1. The police should take the military as an example to build a stable and effective team.
2. The police must be under the control of the government.
3. Reduce the efficiency and effectiveness of the police.
4. Publishing crime statistics is the basic job of the police.
5. Allocate police force based on time and geographical science.
6. Controlling anger, tranquility, and courtesy are the fundamental guarantees of police quality.
7. Win respect with image.
8. Recruiting and training suitable candidates is the foundation of law enforcement.
9. Public safety requires the listing service of each police officer.
10. The head of the police must be close to the public.
11. The police need to train first and then take up the post.
12. Use the criminal record held by the police as the basis for allocating police force.
At that time, the headquarters of the "Metropolitan Police Department" was located in an old Scottish royal palace, which is said to be the official residence built by a Scottish king long ago near Westminster in London , Stay here every year when you visit. As a result, the "Metropolitan Police Station" got a code name-Scotland Yard.
Old Scotland Yard
Now’s New Scotland Yard
Those who like detective novels will not be unfamiliar with this name, because in the " In Detective Sherlock Holmes, the police friend Lestrade of detective Sherlock Holmes is a police detective named "Scotland Yard". The name "Scotland Yard" has been used by the UK to this day. Robert Bill is also recognized by the world as the originator and foundation of modern policepeople.
Robert Bill
The emergence of the world’s first police uniform and cap
Robert Bill is not only the originator of modern police, but also the earliest It is said that he also designed the British police uniforms. He believed that the police uniforms should reflect the close relationship between the police and ordinary citizens. So he designed the earliest British police uniforms based on the style of men’s clothing on the streets of London at that time. The style of the uniform was different from the British military uniform, which was mainly red in the "triangle hat". As a result, British police officers from 1829 to 1839 wore black bowler hats, blue high-necked tuxedos with silver buttons, and white trousers on the bottom to patrol the streets. This is the first regular professional police force in the history of the United Kingdom and the world to wear uniforms and enjoy national salaries.
A British police officer in 1829, drawn by Bob Marrion
In 1863, the British police uniform was changed to a blue high-necked short jacket with blue trousers and a high-heeled helmet. . The high-tube helmet is made of cork and made of outer fabric. Although the style varies from place to place, it must be equipped with an eight-pointed or six-pointed star emblem. And this costume has basically been continued by the British police to this day.
19th century British police force
1890 British police helmet
British policeman wearing a police helmet now
The origin of the big brimmed hat
The earliest big brimmed hat in history appeared in Russia, but at that time it was neither an officer’s hat nor a regular military hat, but a A "military cap" issued to the Russian militia. Its birth had to start with the Russo-French War in 1812. Prior to this, European military caps in the 18th century were mostly tall straight hats or thick bearskin hats, which can be called "At first glance, they are as fierce as a tiger, and they are really bitter to wear." . Because this kind of military cap is large and heavy, it is extremely inconvenient, and it is impossible to fight at all, and it is no longer suitable for modern warfare. So European countries began to invent "military caps."
The hat worn by European armies in the 18th century
The Russian military cap in 1802 adopted the shape of a nightcap. In 1808, Prussia designed a tube with a foldable neck protector. In 1811, the Russian army equipped the militia with a new type of military cap. It abandoned the style of the previous night cap and moved closer to the style of the Prussian cylindrical cap. But in order to save costs, the cap The height is reduced by half, and the neck guard and brim are removed. It consists of only two parts, the dark green crown and the red headband. It becomes a simple version of the military cap, which is somewhat similar to what we commonly see today. Sailor cap, but there are no two streamers behind it.
The left is roughly the style of the Prussian army cap, the middle and the right are roughly the improved style of the big brimmed hat.
The 1812 Russo-French War broke out, Napoleon invaded Russia in a large scale, and Russia faced off in large numbers. The militiamen can only walk towards the battlefield wearing simple military caps and charge into battle. Perhaps it is not convenient for simple military caps without a brim to protect them from the rain, so some Russian militiamen themselves sewed the brim of a regular military cap to simple military caps. And no one thought that the basic shape of the "big brimmed hat" was accidentally invented. Later, the large brimmed hat was imitated and improved by the Prussian army and became the daily military cap of the officers of the Prussian and Russian soldiers in the 19th century. In 1856, the shape of the large brimmed hat was introduced to the British Navy. They used the simple version of the Russian military cap as a sailor cap, and the large brimmed hat was used as an officer's uniform.
In the British Navy during World War II, the middle was an officer wearing a large brimmed hat, and the right was a sailor wearing a simple military cap.
By 1896, Germany formulated the uniform size of the large brimmed hat. The standard has since standardized the style of the big brimmed hat. In 1902, the big brimmed hat was again used as an officer by the British ArmyOrdinary hats. In 1911, Germany optimized the large-brimmed hat. The front size of the crown was increased, and the rear was lowered, so that the overall look of the large-brimmed hat was high in the front and low in the back. It was more majestic and solemn when worn on the head. The classic style of cap has been passed down to this day. In the 20th century, large brimmed hats became popular all over the world, mainly for military dresses. Gradually, this majestic hat has also been introduced to police agencies in various countries.
The British policeman wearing a big brimmed hat in the movie Detectives
The origin of the boat cap
French invasion in 1812 After Russia's disastrous defeat, the country's power plummeted. The Napoleonic Wars also came to an end. But before that, starting in 1803, Napoleon swept the European continent like a broken bamboo. Wearing a military uniform, the image of the prancing horse and the whip has been deeply rooted in Europe.
The oil painting "Napoleon Across the St. Bernard Pass in the Alps"
Especially the "double-horned hat" he wore was also called the "Napoleon hat", which became the European Union at the time. The military cap style widely used by the US military. If Russian soldiers accidentally invented the "big brimmed hat", then the famous "Napoleon hat" has become the prototype of the "boat hat", which can also be called the "classical boat hat." As we all know, police caps originated from military caps, and military caps are inseparable from war.
According to more conclusive records, the modern "boat cap" appeared with the birth of the British Air Force in the early 20th century. Because the air force was a brand new service in the world at that time, the first air force pilots were recruited from the army and the navy, and the army and navy at that time usually wore large-brimmed hats, but they had large eaves on the plane. The cap is easily blown off by the wind, and wearing flying goggles is also very inconvenient. Later, people discovered that the shape of the boat was conducive to the smooth passage of airflow and was not easy to be blown away by the wind. So on the basis of the "double-angled hat", the shape of the hat became smaller and the rim became soft, gradually becoming a "boat-shaped hat." Some people even think that the "boat hat" is actually the reduced "double-angled hat" worn upright. As a result, the "boat cap" was very popular among pilots. Later, the army began to use the "boat hat" because of its practicality. For example, the lack of a brim made it easier for soldiers to wear steel helmets. It can even wipe off sweat during combat and training. In addition to being practical, the "boat-shaped hat" has gradually become a must-have for the military of many countries due to its simple design.
British soldiers wearing a "boat cap" during World War II
In addition to being very popular in the army, the "boat cap" even has a place in the world of popular clothing. Therefore, police caps in many countries have also adopted the "boat cap" style, which is mostly worn by female police officers.
The Russian policewoman wearing a "boat hat" now
The origin of the beret
The name of the beret is derived from its English Beret transliteration. Come. The history of this kind of hat is very long, dating back to the 15th century, when shepherds in southwestern France once liked to wear a round bonnet made of brown wool. This kind of hat can be worn on the head to keep out wind and rain, take off to wipe sweat, and can be used as a cushion on the ground. In the following hundreds of years, the shape, material, size, etc. of this hat will vary according to the habits of various places. It was not until the 13th century that Europeans finally reached a consensus on a certain characteristic of the beret: wool felt must be used in the material. Because people have discovered that wool felt is a cheap and easy-to-manufacture material, which not only keeps warm and comfortable, but also protects against wind and rain. From the 16th to the 17th century, this flat felt hat became the favorite of the poor. Because the cost of this kind of hat is really cheap, it has become a must-have hat for European farmers and artists.
Dutch painter Rembrandt’s "Self-Portrait Wearing Velvet Beret"
From the 18th century to the 19th century, the beret finally had an official name. According to records, Beret, a word derived from the Latin birretum, first appeared in France in 1835. At the same time, the suitable person for this kind of hatThe group began to expand from farmers and artists to soldiers, and French Alps hunters also began to wear berets during this period. But to distinguish them from the European peasants who wore dark berets, the Alps chasers wore light blue berets to show their status as elite members of the French army. The reason why berets are favored by Alpine hunters is, in the final analysis, that simple reason-cheap and practical.
From the 1940s to the 1950s, World War II made the beret the protagonist of the war. In history, the large-scale and systematic army wearing the beret was the British army. As early as World War I, the British Royal Tank Army had taken the lead in the entire army to use black berets. But the real shine of the beret was during the Second World War. At that time, in order to carry out military infiltration and destruction of the European continent occupied by fascists, Britain began to form "special operations forces." In 1940, the first paratrooper unit was established. In 1942, Britain formed an airborne special service unit and a special boat unit of the Royal Marines. Their attire is marked by berets, and the different colors of the berets have become the distinguishing mark of these troops.
During World War II, British soldiers wearing berets
Later, police from various countries also began to imitate the tradition of special forces using berets, using berets as special police forces Special police cap.
The Hong Kong Airport SWAT wearing a beret in the TV series "Airport Special Police"
The origin of the rolled-brimmed hat
The rolled-brimmed hat is a female military police from all over the world Hat worn by personnel. The structure of the rolled-brim hat may seem complicated, but it is actually a wide-brimmed hat rolled up on both sides of the brim. Since the 17th century, the wide-brimmed hat has been the main popular women's hat in Europe for more than 400 years. At that time, almost all women wore hats, and there was a saying that not wearing hats was impolite (limited to nobles). Because the wide-brimmed hat is not only fashionable, but also has a small face.
The wide-brimmed hats worn by aristocratic women in the movie "Queens of Beauty"
By the 18th century, the British Navy had adopted wide-brimmed hats and curly-brimmed hats as female soldiers. Navy hat. Since then, it has continued since World War II. The British police uniforms belong to the marine department, and are naturally based on the British navy uniforms. Therefore, female military and police personnel wearing curly hats can be said to be a continuation of this historical tradition.
At the beginning of the 18th century, the wide-brimmed hat and rolled-brimmed hat worn by female soldiers of the British Navy
Now a British policewoman wearing a rolled-brimmed hat on duty
The history is very long, but sometimes it is very small and real. It can be seen from the history of the four types of police caps commonly used in the world today. The inventors of these four cap types are not British, but because Britain took the lead in completing the bourgeois revolution and the industrial revolution at that time, it became the world's largest power. . His navy and air force have also become famous and powerful all over the world. Many things and rules used in the UK can be widely disseminated, imitated and re-developed by other countries. Similarly, the British police is the representative of the maritime police system and police uniforms. Therefore, the police uniforms and cap styles derived from the British navy uniforms have also deeply influenced the police attire of most countries in the world.
The evolution of British policewomen's costumes and hats
This article intends to describe the historical sources of the four types of police caps commonly used in the world today, as well as their relationship with the establishment of British police agencies and the British police The historical relationship of attire. The types of military caps are actually very rich, and the development and evolution are also extremely complicated. Due to the limited level, this article has not in-depth exploration and verification. If there are errors or omissions, readers are also forgotten and corrected in the comments.
