The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposes to build a modern industrial system. We will continue to focus on the real economy, promote new industrialization, and accelerate the construction of a strong manufacturing country, a strong quality country, aerospace country, a strong transportation country, a strong network country, and a digital China. This newspaper invites relevant experts and scholars to explain in detail -
Host: Economic Daily reporter Li Pengda
Guest:
Director and researcher of the Industry Office of the Prediction Department of the National Information Center Wei Qijia
Director and Researcher of the Industrial Operation Research Office of the Institute of Industrial Economics of Cydie Research Institute Qiao Baohua
Director and Researcher of the Industrial Office of the Institute of Industrial Science and Technology of China Institute of Macroeconomics Fu Baozong
Building a modern industrial system
Host: How to build a modern industrial system?
Wei Qijia: The important feature of a modern industrial system is innovation-led, achieving the coordinated development of the real economy, scientific and technological innovation, modern finance and human resources, so that the contribution of scientific and technological innovation in the real economy will continue to improve, the ability of modern finance to serve the real economy will continue to enhance, and the role of human resources in supporting the real economy will continue to optimize.
: The construction of a modern industrial system must adhere to quality first and efficiency first, and focus on four aspects: scale, system, structure and resilience. First, expand the total scale. The characteristics of my country's super-large-scale market require that the industrial system must match it in terms of total volume, and the large scale of the industry is the basis for other advantages to play a role. The second is to improve the industrial system. At present, my country has a complete range of industrial systems, with more than 220 industrial products being the world's largest output, and the industrial system has a complete advantage. This advantage should be further leveraged to accelerate the construction of a modern industrial system. The third is to optimize the industrial structure. Only by optimizing the structure can we continuously improve the efficiency of industrial development, thereby promoting the economic development of to achieve quality change, efficiency change, and power change, and improving the total factor productivity of . Fourth, improve industrial resilience. The resilience of the industrial chain and supply chain directly determines the industrial system's risk resistance and impact resistance. It is an important part of building a modern industrial system. It is necessary to ensure the effective and smooth operation of all links of the industrial chain and supply chain.
Qiao Baohua: Building a modern industrial system includes five aspects. First, innovation lead. We must put innovation in the first place, deploy innovation chains around the industrial chain and layout industrial chains around the innovation chain. The second is collaborative integration. We must promote the coordinated development of the real economy, scientific and technological innovation, modern finance, and human resources, and promote the deep integration of industrialization and informatization, advanced manufacturing and modern service industries. The third is green and low-carbon. Improving the energy utilization efficiency of . Optimizing the energy structure is an important means to achieve the "dual carbon" goal. We must promote green and low-carbon development in the entire life cycle such as green design, procurement, logistics, manufacturing, consumption, and recycling. Fourth, it is safe and efficient. Safety is the prerequisite for development, and efficiency is the key to development. We must not only ensure the security and stability of the industrial chain and supply chain, but also enhance the competitiveness and influence of the industrial chain and supply chain. Fifth, open cooperation. Only when openness brings progress can cooperation be won-win. We must steadily expand institutional opening up such as rules, regulations, management, and standards, and strengthen international cooperation in the industrial chain and supply chain.
payment for the protection of the capital: the modern industrial system can be summarized as "five transformations": First, the high-end industrial structure is the relatively high industrial technology density and added value; second, the digital industrial model is the digital technology of , and the wide penetration and application of ; third, the green industrial form is the implementation of the concept of harmonious coexistence between man and nature; fourth, the security of the industrial chain, that is, the industrial chain has strong resilience and risk resistance; fifth, the coordinated development of industrial factors is the real economy and scientific and technological innovation, modern finance, and human resources.
The construction of a modern industrial system should give full play to the decisive role of the market in resource allocation, take the security of the industrial chain as the basis, the high-end industrial structure as the orientation, the digitalization of the industrial model and the greening of the industrial form as the focus, and the coordination of industrial factors as the guarantee, and actively build a new ecology of the industrial system.
It is of great significance to strengthen the real economy
Host: What is the significance of insisting on focusing on the development of the real economy in promoting the high-quality development of the economy ?
Wei Qijia: Focusing on the development of the economy is an inevitable requirement for promoting high-quality development and has three important aspects. First, the real economy is an important carrier of various production factors. Only with a solid real economy can all kinds of production factors have a stable development platform and continue to play a role through continuous optimization of allocation. Second, the real economy is an important area of international competition. Countries have placed the revitalization of the real economy in an important position in national development, and promoted the country's employment and economic quality improvement through the development of the real economy. Third, the real economy is the key to promoting the smooth operation of macroeconomic . High-quality development should achieve smooth circulation of production, distribution, circulation and consumption, and the major proportional relationships and spatial layout of the national economy should be relatively reasonable. The real economy has a "ballast stone" role in stabilizing the economy Market . While promoting the effective connection of all links of the economy, it helps to enhance economic stability.
Qiao Baohua: Adhering to the focus of economic development on the real economy will help enhance the coordination of policies such as fiscal and taxation, monetary and finance, open cooperation, promote the aggregation of talents, capital, land, energy, etc. into the real economy with manufacturing as the main body, provide sufficient factor guarantees for high-quality economic development, and on the other hand, it will help improve the resilience of economic development, enhance the ability to resist external shocks and achieve sustainable development, and provide important support for high-quality economic development.
号: The healthy development of the real economy is an important part of building a modern economic system. The real economy is an important carrier for innovation to drive high-quality economic development, a powerful engine to drive employment and promote common prosperity, and a "fixed star" to maintain the security and stability of the industrial chain and supply chain.
Host: What are the prominent problems facing my country's current development of the real economy? How should it be solved?
Wei Qijia: Production costs are in a rigid upward trend, and the costs of water, land and energy are increasing, which increases the difficulty of operating the real economy. Affected by factors such as yield and profit margin, the phenomenon of some high-quality resources and factors flowing from the real economy to the virtual economy is more obvious. To solve these problems, we need to focus on the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries, and carry out all-round transformation of traditional industries by optimizing structure, resource allocation, etc. At the same time, we must deepen the supply-side structural reform of , continuously reduce the production and operation costs of real economic enterprises, do a good job in supporting various factors, and accelerate the construction of new infrastructure such as 5G, data center, artificial intelligence , and industrial Internet.
Qiao Baohua: We need to pay close attention to the short-term operating risks brought about by the sharp fluctuations in the price of international commodities , the difficulties in production and operation of small and medium- and medium- and long-term risks brought about by the intensified game between major powers and the tension in geopolitics , and the medium- and long-term risks brought about by the imbalance of supply and demand, industrial chain migration, etc., and also pay attention to the structural risks in the process of global energy transformation and the continuous transformation of new and old kinetic energy.
can focus on the following aspects: First, promote the deep integration of the innovation chain and the industrial chain. Establish the main position of enterprises in innovation and enhance the innovation motivation of enterprises; focus on the shortcomings of the industrial chain and carry out key core technologies; actively plan and develop emerging technologies to seize the commanding heights of future scientific and technological and industrial development. The second is to deepen the integration of manufacturing industry with 's new generation information technology . Promote the digital, networked and intelligent transformation of the entire chain of enterprises; promote the construction of manufacturing empowerment platforms, accelerate the innovative development of industrial Internet platform; and improve the support and service capabilities of the digital industrial system. The third is to accelerate the implementation of energy-saving and carbon reduction transformation and upgrading. Strengthen energy efficiency control of industrial enterprises and continue to promote industrial energy efficiency improvement; accelerate the construction of a new energy supply and consumption system, and promote the transformation of energy structure; accelerate the transformation of energy conservation and carbon reduction technology, and promote energy conservation and carbon reduction in key areas; accelerate the development of carbon emission reduction support tools, and improve the financial support system for carbon emission reduction. Fourth, enhance the guarantee of manufacturing talent.Integrate educational resources and build a learning and practice platform in cutting-edge fields; adapt to the trend of industrial integration, strengthen vocational and technical training; improve the talent evaluation system, and enhance the sense of gain and belonging of manufacturing talents. Fifth, enhance the guarantee of energy raw materials. Improve the energy raw material monitoring mechanism and optimize the energy raw material recycling mechanism.
Pay Baozong: At present, my country's real economy is facing some problems that are intertwined with long-term and short-term difficulties. First, effective demand is relatively insufficient. Multiple factors have led to the insufficient release of demand potential, and the contradiction between supply and demand structure mismatch is becoming increasingly prominent, and overcapacity in some areas is more prominent. Second, corporate expectations have weakened. Many unexpected factors have pushed up corporate costs and increased corporate operating pressure. Some small and medium-sized enterprises have encountered survival difficulties. They need to pay great attention to this and take measures to further strengthen the real economy.
Take the path of new industrialization
Host: How to understand new industrialization? In what specific aspects should we make efforts?
Wei Qijia: New industrialization drives industrialization with informatization, and promotes informatization with industrialization, thus finding a new way of high technological content, good economic benefits, low resource consumption, less environmental pollution, and full use of human resources advantages.
To promote new industrialization, we must first develop strategic emerging industries, cultivate new development momentum, and strive to improve the basic capabilities of the industry and the modernization level of the industrial chain. Secondly, we must promote the deep integration of digital economy and the real economy, accelerate the digital transformation of manufacturing, take intelligent manufacturing as the main focus, and improve the level of intelligent manufacturing in manufacturing.
Qiao Baohua: New industrialization is guided by new development concept , adheres to the theme of promoting high-quality development, and organically combines the implementation of expanding domestic demand strategy with deepening supply-side structural reform, continues to promote the upgrading of industrial foundations and the modernization of industrial chains, enhances industrial competitive advantages, and accelerates the pace of building a strong manufacturing country. New industrialization must also give full play to the leading and driving role of high-quality industrial development, promote the simultaneous development of industrialization, informatization, urbanization and agricultural modernization, and better support the construction of a socialist modern power.
Promoting new industrialization should focus on strengthening the construction of industrial basic capabilities, improving the modernization level of industrial chain and supply chain, promoting the intelligent and green transformation and upgrading of traditional industries, developing and strengthening strategic emerging industries, accelerating the cultivation of advanced manufacturing clusters, and promoting the deep integration of advanced manufacturing and modern service industries.
Pay Baozong: Taking the road of new industrialization requires accelerating the creation of new competitive advantages, which is inseparable from stronger innovation capabilities and higher innovation efficiency. To this end, we must strengthen basic research and accelerate the establishment and improvement of the modern scientific research institute system. It should also be noted that digitalization will become an important driving force for promoting new industrialization, and multi-dimensional and massive digital factors will continue to empower and shape new advantages in industrial competition. We must actively guide traditional enterprises to transform and upgrade digitally and create new advantages in emerging digital industries.
In the face of new demands for new industrialization, we must cultivate and strengthen a high-quality human resources team in all aspects and accelerate the construction of an important talent center and innovation highland in the world. It is necessary to promote the connection between the education structure and the industrial structure, and deepen the reform of the system and mechanism of talent development .
