To revitalize the manufacturing industry, we must first eliminate the anxiety of workers and make them willing or even willing to be workers.
Author: Jinlun
Recently, revitalizing the manufacturing industry is a hot topic, and various places have also issued policies to support it.
For example, further extend the period of tax deferral and reimbursement of manufacturing industry, and set up special re-loans for equipment renewal and transformation; Shanghai issued the "Several Measures for Promoting the Development of High-end Manufacturing Industry in Shanghai"; Zhejiang issued the "Guiding Opinions on High-Quality Development and Building a Global Advanced Manufacturing Base"...
Everyone has a very enthusiastic discussion, but if you go to the street to pick up someone to ask: "Are you willing to let your child be a worker?" 80% negative answer.
Why? Because everyone is not stupid and knows that being a worker can't afford a house and the retirement benefits are low, many young people would rather run Didi and deliver takeout, be freer and have a higher income than be a worker.
Is there any wrong choice for young people? That's right.
01
First of all, we must eliminate the anxiety of workers
Whether it is tax reduction and refund, intelligent manufacturing, digitalization, or increasing loan efforts, it is all the boss's business. Although it is very important, it is not directly related to workers, but at most indirectly.
workers are very realistic. They can go wherever they have high wages and good comprehensive benefits. They can't control the grand theme of "revitalizing manufacturing".
So, is there a solution? have! Germany has given a solution.
High-quality development , good product quality and high technological content. You can sell at a good price, and you can pay more taxes to maintain the operation of the public system. At the same time, you can also pay workers a relatively decent salary.
So, how does this loop form?
My opinion mainly relies on "three-wheel drive".
first, education and welfare.
Second, attach great importance to small and medium-sized enterprises and do not create bubbles in finance and real estate.
Third, the balanced development of urban multi-center.
First talk about education and welfare.
Of course, there are diversions in German education, primary schools, junior high schools, and high schools. Some people continue to enter the direction of training for professional and technical workers, while others continue to move forward and go to ordinary middle schools and universities. After graduating from
, college students' income is indeed higher than those of vocational and technical school . I asked my friends who work in Germany:
The annual salary of college graduates is between 45,000 and 50,000 euros, and technical workers are usually between 32,000 and 35,000 euros.
is not a big gap because the educational costs paid are different, and everyone's talents are also different.
, and the German education system is relatively open. If you enter vocational school and want to go to university, the entire system will default to this. As long as the conditions meet, the green light will be all the way.
The most important thing is that children can indeed learn real skills in vocational schools, and the factory is very welcome. Children can also be in front of professors and civil servants when they become workers, because this is the social atmosphere. Everyone is just a different division of labor and everyone is equal.
A friend of mine was a professor at a German university. He said that everyone's attitude and tone towards cleaners are the same as those for other scholars. No one dares to show a superior expression and tone.
In terms of welfare, because there are many subsidies, if the father is a worker, the mother will give birth to and raise children. The more she gives birth, the more subsidies she gives, and the factory cannot fire workers at will.
does not need to buy a school district house, and the same is true in big cities, because most people's children go to public schools . The public schools in the compulsory education stage in the country are similar, and there are no so-called key schools or key classes.
You can also go to nearby public schools like those with houses.
German workers have nothing to worry about in this situation, so everyone is at ease as workers.
To revitalize the manufacturing industry, we must first eliminate the anxiety of workers and make them willing or even willing to be workers.
A good system does not only allow smart people to make money and make fun, but also allows those kind ordinary people to live with peace of mind.
02
Small and medium-sized enterprises are the backbone
German workers have high incomes and the government has money. Where does the money come from? If the company pays a lot of taxes, the money will definitely not fall from the sky. Needless to say, the three major enterprises, small and medium-sized enterprises, which account for 99% of the number of German enterprises, contribute about 54% of the economic added value and drive about 62% of employment. They are the backbone of Germany's industry and service industries.
Among the 2764 medium-sized global leading companies, German companies account for 47%. These companies value world share more, and sales are second.
According to the "hidden champion" statement proposed by the famous German management scientist Simon, there are more than 2,500 small and medium-sized enterprises in the world as "hidden champions" in the economic world. Their total revenue is relatively low, but the comprehensive competitive strength of the enterprises has long been ranked first in the world in the industry.
▲Volkswagen of Germany is a heavyweight enterprise in Germany.
Among these hidden champions, more than 1,300 companies are German companies.
The family-style operation concept of German enterprises focuses on the long-term flow of the entire family's economic income, and its core lies in steady operation and sustainable operation.
Most German companies are not interested in listing financing or large-scale development. Everyone just wants to control risks and make some stable money.
German companies also adopt a lifelong employment system in terms of employment, and at the same time follow the high standard and high salary employee management model.
Germany's hidden champion companies usually invests more money in in product research and development and technological innovation, thereby achieving innovative development of the company's products. This steady pattern of
naturally gives German manufacturing the opportunity to move towards high-quality manufacturing. Since it is high-quality manufacturing, it can naturally sell at a higher price, and correspondingly, the profit will be higher.
This answers the question "Where does the money come from, and where does the tax come from".
Germans remained highly vigilant about the financial bubble and real estate, and were neither interested in speculating in real estate, nor were they interested in blowing up the financial bubble.
Bank for International Settlements (BIS) data shows that from 1970 to 2019, the average growth rate of non-financial private sector loan balance in Germany was 5.43%, lower than that of in the United States, the United Kingdom, France and other countries. During the same period, the volatility of the growth rate of non-financial private sector loan balance in Germany was 4.19%, which was also significantly lower than that of the United States, Japan, the United Kingdom, France and other countries. The stability of credit supply also avoids the formation and bursting of speculative bubbles to a certain extent.
Moreover, German companies are unwilling to seek bank loans:
German hidden champion companies basically pursue cautious financial policies, mainly focusing on endogenous financing, and the proportion of exogenous financing is relatively low. As a result, the leverage ratio of in the German enterprise sector has been maintained at a low level. BIS data shows that the average leverage ratio of the German corporate sector is 54.3%, which is below 60% for a long time, far lower than the level of most developed economies. Companies are generally worried that a large amount of financing from the banking department will lose some control.
Germans do not speculate because the down payment ratio is high, leverage is not high enough, and the strict tax system makes it impossible for Germans to speculate on housing : the tax burden is light in the ownership and use process, but the tax burden is heavy in the transaction process, and inheritance tax and gift tax will be levied. Whoever speculates in housing will be stupid.
If you don’t play finance or real estate, you can only go to honestly do manufacturing, make high-quality products, and sell them at a good price.
With money, you can pay a higher salary and pay a higher tax, which makes it easy to settle many things.
03
Development balanced, manufacturing industry pressure is low
There is also a balanced development problem.
If a very small number of cities over-concentrate advantageous resources, it will definitely push up housing prices, increase traffic congestion, and at the same time increase manufacturing costs, making manufacturing bosses feel in pain, and eventually sell factories and equipment to participate in the housing speculation tide. Is it a familiar smell?
Germany took a detour and learned its lesson later.
Article 106 of the German Federal Constitution stipulates that Germany should pursue balanced development and common prosperity in the region. Therefore, in terms of urban construction policies, there are two highest goals: one is to form an equal living environment throughout the country to reduce differences in different regions; the other is to pursue sustainable development so that future generations have opportunities to survive and develop.
The capital of Germany, Berlin, has a population of more than 3 million, while Hamburg , Munich, and Cologne are only more than 1 million people.
▲German Munich
For example, the population of these four cities is not as large as that of Dongguan .
The urban distribution of Germany adheres to the "decentralized" urbanization model, thus forming a "multi-center" pattern , including 11 metropolitan areas such as Rhine- Ruhr District , Berlin-Brandenburg, and Frankfurt District. These 11 metropolitan areas are distributed throughout Germany, gathering 70% of Germany's population and solving more than 70% of the domestic employment.
Germany's land area is equivalent to Yunnan Province. Germany's land area is about 357,582 square kilometers, and Yunnan Province has an area of about 394,100 square kilometers.
There are 11 metropolitan areas in such a small land area, and the industrial focus of the city is also different.
Berlin is a cultural and industrial center.
Munich is a beer city, and many famous companies such as BMW , Siemens , Infineon , Allianz, Munich Re-insurance and other headquarters are located here.
Hamburg is an important port and trading center.
Cologne is a media industry center, perfume capital and chemical center. The famous Cologne Cathedral is world-renowned. At the same time, it is also the headquarters of Lufthansa .
Stuttgart is an automobile city, with extremely developed precision instruments, machinery, automobile industry, etc.
Dusseldorf has many Fortune 500 and well-known companies.
Hannover 's industrial manufacturing, tourism services, exhibition industries, etc. are all very developed.
Because of different industries, different talents needed, different industrial chains and ecology, the pressure on resources and cost is not that great, everyone plays their own.
plus the universality of German education, German private small and medium-sized enterprises have obtained a stable development environment. They are at ease to do things without speculation in real estate or finance, and they are not very interested in listing. Therefore, Germans are very "Buddhist", and only "Buddhist" can produce high-quality products.
The model of multi-center balanced development allows German manufacturing to obtain a relatively comfortable cost pressure zone for a long time. This cost includes raw material costs and labor costs. The boss will not have a headache to retain senior employees, because the children are almost the same wherever they study, and renting a house can also enjoy a good education. As long as I work hard, I will hire you for the rest of my life.
Why is Germany's manufacturing industry awesome?
Because of respecting the rights and interests of workers and technicians and ultimate pursuits, workers and technicians are very at ease and there is hope for making high-quality products.
Of course, this is not just an enterprise's business, but a systematic business. It requires the education and welfare system, the system to promote the sustained and stable development of the private economy, the system to balance the development of the multi-center city, etc., to operate, and continuously iterate and optimize, so that the "high-quality development" flywheel can rotate quickly and evenly.
Manufacturing industry has begun and treatment has come. Children are naturally willing to be workers. This is due to economic laws and human nature.
